Predictive factors of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in primary and metastatic lung tumors treated with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy

Kangpyo Kim,Jeongshim Lee,Yeona Cho,Seung Yeun Chung,Jason Joon Bock Lee,Chang Geol Lee,Jaeho Cho 대한방사선종양학회 2017 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.35 No.2

Purpose: Although stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is widely used therapeutic technique, predictive factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after SABR remain undefined. We aimed to investigate the predictive factors affecting RP in patients with primary or metastatic lung tumors who received SABR. Materials and Methods: From 2012 to 2015, we reviewed 59 patients with 72 primary or metastatic lung tumors treated with SABR, and performed analyses of clinical and dosimetric variables related to symptomatic RP. SABR was delivered as 45–60 Gy in 3–4 fractions, which were over 100 Gy in BED when the α/β value was assumed to be 10. Tumor volume and other various dose volume factors were analyzed using median value as a cutoff value. RP was graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Results: At the median follow-up period of 11 months, symptomatic RP was observed in 13 lesions (12 patients, 18.1%), including grade 2 RP in 11 lesions and grade 3 in 2 lesions. Patients with planning target volume (PTV) of ≤14.35 mL had significantly lower rates of symptomatic RP when compared to others (8.6% vs. 27%; p = 0.048). Rates of symptomatic RP in patients with internal gross tumor volume (iGTV) >4.21 mL were higher than with ≤4.21 mL (29.7% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.017). Conclusions: The incidence of symptomatic RP following treatment with SABR was acceptable with grade 2 RP being observed in most patients. iGTV over 4.21 mL and PTV of over 14.35 mL were significant predictive factors related to symptomatic RP.

FolksoViz: Wikipedia 본문을 이용한 상하위 관계 기반 폭소노미 시각화 기법

이강표(Kangpyo Lee),김현우(Hyunwoo Kim),장충수(Chungsu Jang),김형주(Hyoung-Joo Kim) 한국정보과학회 2008 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.14 No.4

다수의 사용자들의 협력태깅으로 생성되는 폭소노미는 웹 2.0을 이끌고 있는 대표적인 요소이다. 태그는 어떤 웹 문서를 기술하는 웹 메타데이타라고 할 수 있는데, 협력태깅으로 이루어진 태그들 사이의 의미적인 상하위 관계를 밝혀내 이를 시각화한다면, 사용자들이 문서의 메타데이타를 보다 직관적으로 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 del.icio.us의 태그들을 대상으로 하여, Wikipedia 텍스트를 이용한 태그들간 상하위 관계 산출 기법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 태그들이 Wikipeida 텍스트상에서 출현하는 빈도수를 기반으로 태그들간 상하위 관계를 산출하는 통계적인 모델링을 제안하였고, 각각의 태그를 그에 상응하는 Wikipedia 텍스트에 매핑시키는 TSD 기법을 제안하였다. 이렇게 산출된 상하위 관계 짝들은 시각화 기법을 통하여 효과적으로 화면에 표현되었다. 실제로 우리가 제안하는 알고리즘이 태그들간의 상하위 관계들을 높은 정확도로 찾아내었음을 실험을 통해 확인하였다. Folksonomy, which is created through the collaborative tagging from many users, is one of the driving factors of Web 2.0. Tags are said to be the web metadata describing a web document. If we are able to find the semantic subsumption relationships between tags created through the collaborative tagging, it can help users understand the metadata more intuitively. In this paper, targeting del.icio.us tag data, we propose a method named FolksoViz for deriving subsumption relationships between tags by using Wikipedia texts. For this purpose, we propose a statistical model for deriving subsumption relationships based on the frequency of each tag on the Wikipedia texts, and TSD (Tag Sense Disambiguation) method for mapping each tag to a corresponding Wikipedia text. The derived subsumption pairs are visualized effectively on the screen. The experiment shows that our proposed algorithm managed to find the correct subsumption pairs with high accuracy.

RDF(S) 모델에 기반한 다양한 형태의 단백질 데이타베이스 통합

이강표(Kangpyo Lee),유상원(Sangwon Yoo),김형주(Hyoung-Joo Kim) 한국정보과학회 2008 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.35 No.2

현재 생물학 분야에는 단백질이라는 동일한 대상에 대해 각기 고유한 의미를 지니고 있는 다양한 형태의 단백질 분석 데이타베이스들이 존재한다. 이렇게 산재되어 있는 이종의 단백질 정보들을 효과적으로 통합한다면 개개의 데이타베이스로부터는 얻을 수 없는 유용한 정보를 도출해낼 수 있다. 생물학데이타의 특성상 이 각각의 정보들은 자신만의 고유한 형태와 의미를 지니는데, 시맨틱 웹 기술의 표준인 RDF(S) 모델을 이용하여 데이타를 기술하면 형태론적인 통합뿐만 아니라 의미론적인 통합까지 이루어낼 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 RDF 통합 스키마에 기반한 새로운 통합 레이어(layer)를 제안하였다. 이를 위해 개념적 모델 차원으로서는 단백질 정보를 중심으로 통합 스키마를 구축하였고, 표현적 모델 차원으로서는 래퍼(wrapper)가 해당 데이타베이스들로부터 필요한 정보를 취하여 동적으로 RDF 인스턴스를 구축하는 방법을 제안하였다. 실제로 이 통합 레이어는 연구자들이 필요로 하는 통합 질의 예제를 성공적으로 처리하여 그 결과를 보여줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. In biological domain, there exist a variety of protein analysis databases which have their own meaning toward the same target of protein. If we integrate these scattered heterogeneous data efficiently, we can obtain useful information which otherwise cannot be found from each original source. Reflecting the characteristics of biological data, each data source has its own syntax and semantics. If we describe these data through RDF(S) models, one of the Semantic Web standards, we can achieve not only syntactic but also semantic integration. In this paper, we propose a new concept of integration layer based on the RDF unified schema. As a conceptual model, we construct a unified schema focusing on the protein information; as a representational model, we propose a technique for the wrappers to aggregate necessary information from the relevant sources and dynamically generate RDF instances. Two example queries show that our integration layer succeeds in processing the integrated requests from users and displaying the appropriate results.

Predictive factors of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in primary and metastatic lung tumors treated with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy

Kim, Kangpyo,Lee, Jeongshim,Cho, Yeona,Chung, Seung Yeun,Lee, Jason Joon Bock,Lee, Chang Geol,Cho, Jaeho The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2017 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.35 No.2

Purpose: Although stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is widely used therapeutic technique, predictive factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after SABR remain undefined. We aimed to investigate the predictive factors affecting RP in patients with primary or metastatic lung tumors who received SABR. Materials and Methods: From 2012 to 2015, we reviewed 59 patients with 72 primary or metastatic lung tumors treated with SABR, and performed analyses of clinical and dosimetric variables related to symptomatic RP. SABR was delivered as 45-60 Gy in 3-4 fractions, which were over 100 Gy in BED when the ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ value was assumed to be 10. Tumor volume and other various dose volume factors were analyzed using median value as a cutoff value. RP was graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03. Results: At the median follow-up period of 11 months, symptomatic RP was observed in 13 lesions (12 patients, 18.1%), including grade 2 RP in 11 lesions and grade 3 in 2 lesions. Patients with planning target volume (PTV) of ${\leq}14.35mL$ had significantly lower rates of symptomatic RP when compared to others (8.6% vs. 27%; p = 0.048). Rates of symptomatic RP in patients with internal gross tumor volume (iGTV) >4.21 mL were higher than with ${\leq}4.21mL$ (29.7% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.017). Conclusions: The incidence of symptomatic RP following treatment with SABR was acceptable with grade 2 RP being observed in most patients. iGTV over 4.21 mL and PTV of over 14.35 mL were significant predictive factors related to symptomatic RP.

SOA 기반의 U-City 서비스 통합 아키텍처

이강표(Kangpyo Lee),임영석(Youngseok Lim),안재민(Jaemin Ahn),유진수(Jinsoo You),김형주(Hyoung-Joo Kim) 한국정보과학회 2010 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.16 No.3

최근 각광 받고 있는 SOA(Service-Oriented Architecture)는 서비스 지향 아키텍처로서, 소프트웨어 개발 및 응용의 새로운 패러다임이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 서비스 통합의 중요성이 강조되는 U-City 사업에서 SOA를 기반으로 다양한 서비스들을 효과적으로 관리, 제어할 수 있는 통합 아키텍처를 제시한다. SOA의 주요 특징이라고 할 수 있는 느슨한 결합, 표준 기반, 그리고 분산 컴퓨팅은 U-City 사업의 다양한 서비스를 통합하여 제공하기 위한 필수적인 요소들이다. 본 연구에서는 SOA의 이러한 특징들을 반영하기 위해 통합 플랫폼인 ESB(Enterprise Service Bus)를 이용하였는데, ESB는 상호 이질적인 컴포넌트와 시스템을 연결함으로써 서비스들 간의 통신을 구현하는 SOA의 핵심 모듈이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 U-City 서비스에서 SOA의 필요성과 이를 실제로 구현할 수 있는 가상 시나리오와 구현방법에 대해 논한다. 최종적으로 U-City 통합운영센터를 위한 SOA 기반 통합 아키텍처를 제안한다. SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), which has become very popular recently, is a new paradigm for software development and application. In this paper, we propose an integrated architecture which is able to effectively manage and control a variety of services for U-City projects focusing on the importance of service integration. SOA has a number of important features such as loose coupling, standard bases, and distributed computing, all of which are the essential elements for merging and providing various services in U-City projects. We exploit the ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) for reflecting those features, which is a core module linking mutually heterogeneous components so that the communication of services can be implemented. In this paper, we discuss the necessity of SOA in U-City services and a possible scenario and method for the implementation. Finally, we propose an integrated architecture for the U-City Integration and Management Center.

풍자원 평가를 위한 건축물 주변의 유동특성

조강표(Kangpyo Cho),정승환(Seung-Hwan Jeong),신승화(Seung-Hwa Shin) 한국유체기계학회 2011 한국유체기계학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.3

풍자원 평가를 위한 건축물 주변의 유동특성

조강표(Kangpyo Cho),정승환(Seung-Hwan Jeong),신승화(Seung-Hwa Shin) 한국유체기계학회 2010 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.12

To utilize wind resources effectively around buildings in urban area, the magnitudes of wind velocity and turbulence intensity are important, which means the need of the information about the relationship between the magnitude of wind velocity and that of fluctuating wind velocity, In the paper, wind-tunnel experiments were performed to provide the information about Characteristic of Wind flow around buildings with the span wise distance and the side ratio of buildings as variables. For a single building with the side ratios of one and two, the average velocity ratio was 1.4 and the velocity standard deviation ratio ranged from 1.4 to 2.6 at the height of 0.02m at the corner of the windward side, in which flow separation occurred. For twin buildings with the side ratios of one and two, the velocity ratio ranged from 2 to 2.5 as the spanwise distance varied at the height of 0.02m, and the velocity standard deviation ratio varied near 1.25. For twin buildings with the side ratios of one and two, the maximum velocity ratio was 1.75 at the height of 0.6m, and the maximum velocity standard deviation ratio was 2.1. It was also found from the results of CFD analysis and wind-tunnel experiments that for twin buildings with the side ratios of one and two, the difference between the velocity ratio of CFD analysis and that of wind-tunnel experiments at streamwise distances was near 0.75.

초고층 건축물의 수평진동 사용성 평가기준

조강표(Kangpyo Cho),홍성일(Sungil Hong),정승환(Seung-Hwan Jeong),조수연,Wonsul Kim 한국유체기계학회 2006 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Abstract should be in This paper presents review on human comfort criteria in major codes and standards for tall buildings. In general, human comfort criteria of tall buildings have been used by magnitude of wind-induced acceleration response. Two different indexes in determination of the magnitude have been used: the peak value which occurs during a period of time and the rms value averaged over this same period. These distinctive acceleration indexes are discussed in detail and each criterium was reviewed and compared. The distinctions arisen because of the different wave forms, or acceleration signatures were addressed. It is described that which index of acceleration should be adopted in establishment of Korean human comfort criteria. In addition, some arguments from a technical standpoint that favor the use of each index are presented.

도플러 소다를 이용한 잠실 제2롯데월드 건설지점의 평균풍속의 연직분포 특성

조강표(Cho, Kangpyo),정승환(Jeong, Seung-Hwan),김강신(Kim, Kangsin) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.31 No.1(구조계)

태그 동시 출현의 동적인 특징을 이용한 개선된 태그 클라우드의 태그 선택 방법

김두남(Dunam Kim),이강표(Kangpyo Lee),김형주(Hyoung-Joo Kim) 한국정보과학회 2009 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.15 No.6

태깅 시스템은 인터넷 사용자로 하여금 태그라고 불리는 메타데이터를 글, 사진, 동영상 등에 부여하도록 하여서 컨텐츠의 검색 및 브라우징을 편리하게 하는 시스템이다. 컨텐츠의 브라우징을 위해서 태그 클라우드라는 시각적 인터페이스가 널리 쓰이고 있다. 태그 클라우드는 가장 빈도수가 높은 태그들을 알파벳 순으로 보여주고 폰트의 크기로 그 태그들의 빈도수를 반영한다. 하지만 기존의 태그 선택 방법은 몇 가지 단점들이 알려져 있다. 그래서 이 논문은 참신한 컨텐츠들을 찾을 수 있도록 Freshness라는 태그 클라우드를 위한 새로운 태그 선택 방법을 정의하였다. Freshness는 태그 동시 발생 확률 분포(tag co-occurrence probability distribution)가 동적으로 변화하는 것을 Kullback-Leibler divergence로 평균한 값이다. Allblog, Eolin, Technorati 등 세 개의 웹사이트로부터 실제 태그 데이터를 수집하여 우리의 태그 클라우드를 생성하는 시스템, ‘Fresh Tag Cloud’를 구축하였다. 이 태그 클라우드를 Allblog에서 수집한 데이터에서 전통적인 태그 클라우드와 비교했을 때 중복평균이 87.5% 감소하여서 성능이 더 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있다. Tagging system is the system that allows internet users to assign new meta-data which is called tag to article, photo, video and etc. for facilitating searching and browsing of web contents. Tag cloud, a visual interface is widely used for browsing tag space. Tag cloud selects the tags with the highest frequency and presents them alphabetically with font size reflecting their popularity. However the conventional tag selection method includes known weaknesses. So, we propose a novel tag selection method Freshness, which helps to find fresh web contents. Freshness is the mean value of Kullback-Leibler divergences between each consecutive change of tag co-occurrence probability distribution. We collected tag data from three web sites, Allblog, Eolin and Technorati and constructed the system, ‘Fresh Tag Cloud’ which collects tag data and creates our tag cloud. Comparing the experimental results between Fresh Tag Cloud and the conventional one with data from Allblog, our one shows 87.5% less overlapping average, which means Fresh Tag Cloud outperforms the conventional tag cloud.