우리나라 노인여성의 골다공증성 척추골절로 인한 경제적 부담 추계

강혜영,강대룡,장영화,박성은,최원정,문성환,양규현,Kang, Hye-Young,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jang, Young-Hwa,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Won-Jung,Moon, Seong-Hwan,Yang, Kyu-Hyun 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : To estimate the economic burden of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF) from a societal perspective. Methods : From 2002 to 2004, we identified all National Health Insurance claims records for women ${\geq}50$ years old with a diagnosis of VF. The first 6-months was defined as a "clearance period," such that patients were considered as incident cases if their first claim of fracture was recorded after June 30, 2002. We only included patients with ${\geq}$ one claim of a diagnosis of, or prescription for, osteoporosis over 3 years. For each patient, we cumulated the claims amount for the first visit and for the follow-up treatments for 1 year. The hospital charge data from 4 hospitals were investigated to measure the proportion of the non-covered services. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 106 patients from the 4 study sites to measure the out-of-pocket spending outside of hospitals. Results : During 2.5 years, 131,453 VF patients were identified. The patients had an average of 3.38 visits, 0.40 admissions and 6.36 inpatient days. The per capita cost was 1,909,690 Won: 71.5% for direct medical costs, 20.6% for direct non-medical costs and 7.9% for indirect costs. The per capita cost increased with increasing age: 1,848,078 Won for those aged 50-64, 2,084,846 Won for 65-74, 2,129,530 Won for 75-84and 2,121,492 Won for those above 84. Conclusions : Exploring the economic burden of osteoporotic VF is expected to motivate to adopt effective treatment options for osteoporosis in order to prevent the incidence of fracture and the consequent costs.

S-P표를 이용한 학습평가자료의 작성과 활용

강동진,정원우 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

ISM and S-P table method is a widely used as a learning evaluation model at JAPAN. This method is fit to make a constructing of learning plan, learning evaluation, analysis of problem and student's record, and guidence of learning. In this paper, We implimented this method in science study of middle school with the process and details. and suggested a framing and practical use of learning evaluation materials by using S-P table.

의료관계 해부 감정예의 분석적 연구(I) : 1990년 국립과학수사연구소 감정예

姜信夢,李垣兌,李漢榮,尹順雄,全基悳,金相鉉,徐在冠,尹重鎭 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

A study of 118 autopsy cases associated with medical care in 1990 was present according to the medical department, the mode of treatment and the cause of death. The Pediatrics showed the highest rate (25.4%), followed by the Obstetrics & Gynecology (22.9%), and Internal medicine (20.2%). According to the mode of treatment, medical accidents during operation and anesthesia were 29 cases (24.6%) with highest rate in Obstetrics & Gynecology (13 cases), 38 cases (32.2%) were during medication and/or injection with highest rate in Internal Medicine (18 cases), and 51 cases (43.2%) were during general medical practice with highest rate in pediatrics (19 cases). The most prevalent cause of death was the disease of respiratory system (34.9%, 30 cases) and the diseases of cardiovascular and urogenital system accounted for 31.4% and 11.6% respectively. The main cause of death in Internal medicine was the disease of cardiovascular system (11/24 cases), the respiratory system in pediatrics (15/30 cases) and the disease of urogenital system in Obstetrics & Gynecology (9/27 cases. ) Asphyxial deaths were 7 cases and the death due to adverse drug reaction accounted for 10 cases.

한라산 1100고지에서 채취한 대기 에어로졸 조성의 계절적 변화에 관한 연구

강창희,한지숙,김태행,김원형,박용이 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

The atmospheric aerosols have been collected with aerosol sampler installed at 1100m site located at Halla mountain in Cheju island for about 124 days from August 15, 1996 to May 3, 1997, and their compositions have been analyzed in order to investigate the seasonal variation of aerosol compositions and the characteristics of aerosols. The correlation coefficients for the sum of the cation and anion equivalent concentrations showed the values between r=0.911 and r=0.977, and it has been found that the precision of the analytical data was with good satisfaction. The amounts of total suspended particulates(TSP) were in the range of 19.9∼28.6μg/㎥ with the highest concentrations in Spring season due to the yellow sand effect. The average concentrations of water-soluble cations were in the order of NH₄ +>Na+>Mg²+>K+>Ca²+ during the summer, fall and winter seasons, but NH₄+>Ca ²+>K+>Na+>Mg²+ during the spring season. The average concentrations of anions were in the order of SO₄->NO₃->Cl- for the all seasons. The concentrations of SO₄²- and NO₃- showed a high increase through winter and spring seasons due to the effect of the north-west wind, which were 5.95∼6.05μg/㎥ and 1.41∼1.60μg/㎥ respectively. And the Ca²+, the major component of soil, showed a high concentration value of 0.47μg/㎥ in yellow-sand spring season. In the effect of sea-salt with the enrichment factors, the SO₄²-, Ca²- and K+ were found to be flown to the air due to the other factors rather than sea-salt effect. And in the effect of soil with the enrichment factors, the SO₄²-, NO₃-, Cl- and NH₄+ were found to be introduced to the air through the other paths but the soil itself.

건조 조건에 따른 분말 청국장의 성분 변화

강병태 ; 박동철 ;최원경 김천대학교 2004 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

The componenets of Chonkukjang powder produced by different drying conditions on group is freezing followed by heating at 40℃ or 60℃(FH-40 and H-60), respectively, another is heating only at 40℃ or 60℃(FH-40 and H-60), respetively - were compared with that of normal Chonkukjang.

信用狀統一規則上 國際標準銀行慣行의 解釋과 適用

강원진 釜山大學校 商科大學 1995 釜山商大論集 Vol.66 No.-

The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits(UCP) is widely adopted and used in letters of credit transactions by express reference on the Credits. According to the article 15 of UCP 500 (5th revision), bank must examine all documents stipulated in the credit with reasonable care, to ascertain whether or not they appear, on their face, to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit, shall be determined by international banking practice as reflected in these articles. However the document checker will not be able to determine what international standard banking practice is. The meaning of international standard banking practice is too vogue. The practice is intend to determine the scope within which reasonable care is to be applied but there is no definite guideline regarding the consistency of documents. Accordingly, the specific meaning and guideline to the international standard banking practice should be prescribed in the UCP. It is also required that the standing advisory committee consisting specialist in various fields should be organized in ICC-Korean National Committee to resolve and consult the complicated matters arising from the documentary credit transactions.

破損貨物補償狀의 效力과 關係當事者의 責任

강원진,김철호 釜山大學校 商科大學 1997 釜山商大論集 Vol.68 No.-

In respect to carriage of goods, a letter of indemnity is a written undertaking by a shipper to indemnity a carrier for any responsibility that the carrier may incur for having issued a clean bill of lading when, in actual fact, the goods received were not as stated on the bill of lading. Most letters of indemnity are entered into by a carrier as a favour to a shipper who has contracted with a third party to provide clean bills of lading. As such the letter of indemnity is nothing less than an agreement to defraud a third party. Very occasionally, the letters of indemnity are issued to settle a dispute between carriers and shippers, but such a settlement should be by some other means than a false bill of lading behind which is hidden a letter of indemnity, written for the sole benefit of the two parties to the dispute. So, we examined the problems arise from the use of the letter of indemnity ; ①The rights and obligations between parties to the letter of indemnity, ② The effect as against third parties and the rights that arise, ③ Problems which arise when there is damage to the cargo during carriage, ④ Problems which arise when the carrier is both the charterer and the shipowner taken together and only of those persons has issued the letter of indemnity, and ⑤ Problems which arise whether a consignee may obtain additional or special damages when a fraud has been perpetrated by the carrier and shipper who have been parties to a letter of indemnity.

組織文化 7S 要因의 特性에 따른 組織有效性의 實證分析

姜元植,辛容尊 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學大學 1999 韓國海洋大學校 人文社會科學論叢 Vol.- No.6

KAL기 추락에 의한 대량재해의 개인식별

강신몽,이원태,고영창,최상규,김윤희,이홍석,서재관,윤중진,이혜경,최득린,김종열,윤창육,변명식,이장홍 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Individual identification is an important part in medicolegal field especially in mass disaster. At July, 27, 1989, KAL KE-803 was crashed on landing at Tripoli International Airport, Liba. The plane was caught in fire and sixty eight Koreans were sacrified. The majority of victims were severely charred and injured. The authors examed all dead bodies and successfully identified all the cases through visual, anthropological, odontological, radiological and pathological methods including fingerprint and blood typing.

한강 유역 횡혈식 석실분의 성격 : 여주 지역을 중심으로

강봉원 한국고대학회 2000 先史와 古代 Vol.15 No.-

The major purpose of this paper is to identify the builders of side-entrance stone chamber tombs excavated in Yeoju, Gyunggi Province, Korea Side-entrance stone chamber tombs are designed to be used for more than one occasion They may have been used for members of an entire family. This rather unique burial type has been considered common during the early Three Kingdoms period both in Goguryo and Baekje regions. Some of the tombs located around Seoul and Yeoju began to be investigated by Japanese pre-historians from as early as 1916. One Japanese scholar, Imanish, suggested that Silla people may have built the side-entrance stone chamber tombs excavated in Yeoju, while Umehara, another Japanese pre-historian, considers Baelje people to be the builders of those tombs in Yeoju and the Han River region in general. The majority of Korean archaeologists, influenced by Umehara, accepted that the tombs were built by Baekje people. There is another good reason for Korean archaeologists to have assumed that Baekje people must have built the tombs around the study area. That is, according to the Samguk sagi, a Korean historical source, Yeoju and Gyunggi Proince was part of the Baekje territory from the early first century to the end of the fifth century A.D. However, Won-yong Kim, a pioneer Korean archaeologist, argued that it was not Baekje but Silla people who built the side-entrance tombs in Yeoju and possibly in Seoul as well. He emphasized the structural similarities between the tombs excavated in Gyungju, the capital of Silla and Yeoju in terms of plan-view. He also mentioned the existence of thick bronze-gilt earrings, especially the presence of stone beds, and stone pillows for corpses inside of the tomb chambas as diagnostic artifacts/structures to determine the ethnicity of the tomb builders. Since then, many Korean archaeologists have begun to adopt Kim's interpretation. In this paper, the archaeological evidences that W.Y. Kim presented are re-examined and his argument turns out to be unconvincing. More importantly, it was found that Kim gradually changed his original view-point and regarded Baekje people instead of Silla as the tomb builders. Moreover, many Korean archaeologists without noticing the fact that Kim has switched his explanations are still following Kirn's old intetation concerning the character of the tombs. In this paper, I emphasize the importance of the basic archaeological principle: generally mortuary behavior is not subject to change in a short time period, on account of its conservativeness and strong tradition. Based on the result of the analysis of the archaeological features and artifacts excavated at Haguhri, in Yeoju, I argue that it was Baekje people who built the side-entrance stone chamber tombs at the site and at other areas in Yeoju as well.