中等學校 家政科 實驗學習 敎員ㆍ設備基準의 適正性에 關한 硏究

강혜숙,윤인경 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1993 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.5 No.-

Because of the specificity of subjects belong to middle school curriculum of Home Economics Education of function training is very important. But it pointed out that the existing standards are out-dated, and because of it, it incongruent to our realities. Therefore, whenever the curriculum of education and the national textbook are reorgrnized periodically, the reform of standards of educational materials & facilities must be followed by it. But in my opinion, in korean middle school, especially in Home Economics Education, educational facilities are not reformed at a proper time. Therefore, to enhance the qualities of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education, in the first place, the preparation for the given conditions of standards of educational materials & facilities are needed. But the educational facilities of Home Economics Education have many problems not only in the qualitative aspect but also in the quantitative aspect. And in addtion to it, lots of educational facilities which cannot match contents of national textbook of Home Economics Education are exist. Therefore, this thesis aims at examining comprehensively the problem of experimentation/practice of experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education, connect with contents of Home Economics Education, holding several problems of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education in middle school, grouping ; the principles and ways concerning the innovation of experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education by which many teachers and students make sure of more efficient teaching/studying, and obtaining basic data which guarantee the ability of innovation concerning problems of the education of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education. Methods are : 1) grasp our educational realities with my original(question). 2) integrate/analyse results of 1) 3) check the frequency, percentage with methods of X?-test, T-test, and 'One-way Analysis of Variances'. 4) suggest my own alternative proposal. Conclusions are : 1) To the problems concerning the plan, method, frequency, choice of contents, budget, and experimental materials & facilties of experimentation/practice, any meaningful difference are not revealed likewise, but, these problems can affect to teachers' guidance of practical examination, therefore it needs to give a indirect financial, and administration aids to teachers/schools from the government. 2) Contents of experimentation/practice are subjected to contents of textbook. In this reason, educational facilities are suitable to contents of textbook for the efficacy of experimentation/practice. Therefore, whenever contents of national textbooks are revised, the proper experimental materials & facilties must be established. And then, according to these standards, educational facilities must be prepared equally. 3) The capacity of educational facilities are conciderably different according to the type, region, and established pattern of school. Therefore, in order to eliminate these differences, it needs to prepare practice classrooms, and to import the new educational facilities. For these preperations, and for the efficient education of practical skill, financial aids from government are necessary. 4) In comparison with contents of textbook the educational facilities which are not enlisted in experimental materials & facilties but very important and very necessary for the classwork of Home Eocnomics Education must be included in new experimental materials & facilities. 5) The problems of existing experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education are identified as following ; i) disagreement between names of educational facilities and contents of the textbook of Home Economics Education. ii) the standard of need in relation to the number of class, isn't fit to our educational reality likewise. iii) the difficulty of elastic application. Therefore, to be sure of the development of Home Economics Education, various efficient methods of education must be groped, and endeavour for correction of imperfection must be maintained continuously.

韓國 영유아의 蛋白칼로리 營養失調에 關한 硏究

姜英豪,金仁達 서울大學校 保健大學院 1968 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.5 No.2

A study was conducted by the author in September 1968 towards the infants and young children in some underprivileged rural villages of Korea by employing such methods as clinical assessment, nutritional biometry, and biochemical tests, in an attempt to evaluate their nutritional status with possible reference to protein calorie malnutrition (PCM). The infants and young children examined totaled 232 of whom 111 were boys and 121 were girls. The results are as follows: Ⅰ. Clinical Assessment The prevalence rates of the signs suggestive of PCM turned out to be as below : 1) Cases with dyspigmented hair were observed with 4.5% of the 45 infants examined. and 18.8% of the 187 young children examined. Cases with thin and sparse hair were seen with 22.8% of the infants, 14.0% of the young children, and l5.2% of both the infants and young children. 2) Prevalence of the pale conjunctiva rated 28.6% of the infants. 32.3% of the young children, and 30.4% of both the infants and young children. 3) Keratomalacia cases were found in 0.5% of the young children only and they corresponded, in turn, to 0.4% of the whole examined. 4) Cases with angulostomatitis rated 14.0% of the young children only, who constituted 10.0% of the total examined. 5) Those with moon-face were observed only with 2.3% of the infants, rating 0.4% of the total. 6) Cases with flaky-paint dermatosis were observed with 2.3% of the infants, 0.5% of the young children, and 0.9% of both the infants and young children. 7) Those who were found to have such skin lesions as fissure of the ear lobe, tender sores, or moist groin rash rated 15.9% of the infants, 20.4% of the young children, and 19.6% of both the infants and children. 8) Rate of those with muscles wasted was 11.4% of the infants, 25.8% of the young children, and 23.0% of both the infants and young children. 9) Those with edema were observed only with 0.5% of the young children. rating 0.4% of the total. 10) Psychomotor changes (apathetic, miserable, inert, withdrawn, or anorexic) rated 7.0% of the young children only, and 5.7% of the whole examined. 11) Prevalence rate of diarrhea precipitating dehydration and such other conditioning infections as thrush was found to be 20.5% of the infants, 7.5% of the young children, and 10.0% of both the infants and young children. 12) The results of clinical assessment led the author to the following findings: (1) Those corresponding to 29.1% of the whole examined had one or two combined signs suggestive of PCM. (2) Those with three or more signs combined rated 1.3% of the total children examined. (3) No clinically obvious kwashiorkor was found, but each of the component signs which, in constant combination, characterize it (edema, muscle-wasting, and psychomotor changes) was separately observed mainly with the young children as presented in table 2. (4) Those who impressed the author with clinically obvious nutritional marasmus were 6.7% of the infants, 3.2% of the young children, and 3.9% of both the infants and young children. Ⅱ. Nutritional Biometry 1) The mean heights. weights, chest circumference, and head circumference obtained were as shown in table 3. 2) The mean triceps skin-fold thickness, upper mid-arm-circumference. and upper-mid-arm-muscle circumference were as presented in table 4. 3) Distribution of the heights by four levels of 10% intervals indicated underweights in the light of Korean general standard, as shown in table 10. 4) Distribution of the weights contrasted likewise with the Korean general standard were as shown in table 11. 5) The underweights demonstrated by cases of mild-moderate PCM computed at four levels of 10% intervals as against the Korean general standard, rated 42.2% of the infants, 42.8% of the young children, and 42.7% of both the infants and young children. by the criteria Dr. Jelliffe suggested ??. The severe PCM cases were comprised 31.1% of the infants, 7.5% of the young children. and 12.1% of both groups of them. In the light of the above rates, more than a half of the children examined were found to be affected with PCM ascribable to deficiency of both the protein and calorie. 6) The cases with "Chest circumference/Head circumference Ratio being below 1 after the first 6 months of life" suggestive of the wasting of pectoral muscles which is attributable to PCM corresponded to 57.1% of the infants, 25.1% of the young children, and 29.3% of both the infants and young children as shown in table 13. Ⅲ. Biochemical Tests 1) Hemoglobin levels were found to be anemic (level less than 10.8gm%) with 13.8% of the 80 children examined as presented in table 5. 2) Serum total protein and serum albumin levels were as shown in tables 6 and 7, respectively. The serum albumin levels turned out to be normal with 75.9%, and "low"(2.80gm%∼3.51gm%) with 24.1% of the examined. No deficiency level (less than 2.80gm%) was found among the 29 children. 3) Serum iron content and total serum iron-bindin capacity (TIBC) were as shown in table 8. The deficiency levels of serum iron content less than 50 microgram % comprised 33.3% of the 21 children examined. Those corresponding to 25% and 75% of the 16 children examined had values of TIBC within normal range (300 microgram %∼400 microgram %) and values below the normal range (less than 300 microgram %), respectively, and no case exceeded over the range of normality inspite of the low serum iron content, suggesting the possible ascription to chronic protein deficiency ??. 4) "Urinary Urea-nitrogen / Creatinie-nitrogen excretion Ratios" regarded as an approximte index of dietary adequacy related to muscle storage of protein were obtained as presented in table 9. The cases with the ratios "30 or less" (an indication of malnutrition related to dietary adequacy of protein) rated 58.8% of the 34 children examined.

한·일 모더니즘소설의 비교연구(2) : 신흥예술파와 류단지 유우(龍膽寺雄)의 소설

강인숙 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 1997 인문과학논총 Vol.29 No.-

Ⅰ. Characteristic features of New Artist Group New Artist Group is second phase of Japanese modernism,which succeed New Sensivity Group. New Sensivity Group lasted 1927, two years later 13 writers made "13club". Next year they enlarged it and made New Artist Group with 19 more writers. But,they have'nt any common ground except anti-proletarian literature, the group ended two or three years without remarkable outcomes. Both of New Sensivity Group and New Artist Groups are opposed proletarian literature,which was only one tie between them. In New Artist Group,there were writers as Kuno Toyohiko, Asahara Rokuro,Yoshiyuki Eiske and Ryudanzi-Yu,but soon other writers except Ryudanzi make another group,therefore Ryudanzi became representative writer of this group just like Yokomitsu in New Sensivity Group Ⅱ. Aspects of Japanese Modrenism in the novels of Ryudanzi-Yu 1) Urbanism Modern civilization is fundamental condition for modernism. But in Japan,the condition of madernism was not matured until 1923. After the earthquake of 1923, a new modern city was born from the ruins of old Tokyo. Urban literature followed the trend and rippened sevral years later. New Artist Group and Ryudanzi-Yu was the first runner of urban literature in Japan. Ryudanzi wrote modern city novels in which we can encounter new city and new chracters. (1) Characters Ryudanzi-Yu wrote in 1928 <The age of wandering>,<The girls of apartment and me>and <Mako> in 1931,<A last testament to M. Ko>in 1934. The period of New Artist Croup is 1929-1931 in general,though Ryudanzi-Yu's case,I have included the two novels of 1928 and <A last testament to M. Ko>(1934), because they are evaluated modernism novels in Japan. The characters of Ryudanzi-Yu has no variation. His female protagonist was 'Mako' in general, so these novels are called 'Mako series'. Male protagonists also same type whose initials are R. U, the initial of author himself, because he wrote autobiographical novel. All of them were modern boys and girls who appeared first time in Japanese novel. (A) Male protagonist <The age of wandering> : young painter who get bread by window decoration of shops. <The girls of apartment and me> : student of medical college <Mako> : amateur architect who designed ultra modern cafe in Ginza <A last testament to M. Ko> : painter,music composer,archtect and writer Common traits : a) Man of frreedom : They have no family connection., they are free from all the conventional rules. They are free too from money and fame because they have no ambition about it. They are free like a bird or wind. b) Optimist : Even Mako is patient of T. B, but they are always happy and gay because they have no ambition. c) Man of various talent : they are scientist, painter, musicien,architect,and biologist. Like artists of renaissance,they are talented in many field. (B) Female protagonist <The age of wandering> : Mako. 17 years old,middle school girl, orphan <The girls of apartment and me> : Tomoe. 17 years old, shop girl,orphan <Mako> : 18 years old, orphan <A last testament to M. Ko> : teenager, writer's wife, orphan Common traits : a) Orphan, : girls are 10 years yonger than the boys, and they are freer than the boys because they have no parents. b) Optimist like boys. c) Immaturity : In<Mako> and <A last testament to M. Ko>, girls are engaged or married state, but they are immature like a elemantary school girl. d) Neutrality : girls are not feminine at all, they are just like a boy mentally, physically. The characters of Ryudanzi-Yu's are free, optimistic modern boys and girls. (2) Spatial background of the novels-modern megalopolis <The age of wandering> : second floor of an old warehouse, one room, "I" sleep together with Soga and his sister Mako in one bed <The girls of apartment and me> : apartment, two room, "I" sleep sometimes in Tomoe's bed <Mako> : Attic of an ultra modern cafe decorated with strange funitures Thier residences are not traditional place;one rooom studio, apartment, attic etc. There we can find ultra modern funitures, everything in their rooms are strange and new fashion. (3) Modern taste and foreign language The characters of Ryudanzi-Yu's are modern boy. They love western way of life. Their favourite foods are ice cream, chocholate, candy, coffee etc. they love western clothes, western residence, western language and western things. They use English, Franch and German language very often. Ⅲ. Anti-modernistic elements in the novels of Ryudanzi-Yu 1) Return to realism In his works, the materials are modernistic, but methods are not modernistic at all. His teacher Nagatsuka was realist. His forerunner Yokomitsu was anti-realist, he has attepted all the methode to against realism. Ryudanzi-Yu anihilated all the effort of Yokomitsu and returned to the Melji realism. 2)Return to the Ist person point of view of the private novel of Daisho Era Ryudanzi-Yu wrote private novel. His 'Mako series' represent his own biographical world. In Japan, main current of the novel was private novel. But Melji naturalism take at least 3rd person point of view, but Daisho Era prefer 1st person point of view. Ryudanji followed later type. He returned to Daisho private novel which Yokomitsu detested. Ⅳ. Difference between Yokomitsu and Ryudanji Both of them are modernist, anti-communist, optimist and. materialist, but Ryudanji differs from Yokomitsu by following elemsents a) chronotope : Yokomitsu. antiquity and alien land Ryudanji. here and now type b) style : Yokomitsu. attempted archaic style Ryudanji. realistic style c) point of view : Uokomitsu. external point of view Ryudanji. internal point of view There is no attempt for new methode and exploration for the meanings of life in Ryudanji-yu. He had dipicted only modern way of life. It was attractive element in his age, because it appeared first time in Japan. But as soon as the novelty of the new world disappeared, he lose readers. In Japan, New Artist Group is modernist in strict sense. That's why Japanese dose't like the term modernism.

사회적 변화에 따라 정신질환자들의 피해망상 속에 나타난 박해자 유형변화

강승범,황인복,김한석,김승곤,김학렬,박상학,김상훈,황걸 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.3

Objective: The authors investigated the frequency of persecutors in persecutory delusions of the psychiatric patients who didn't undergo the arrest or traumatic injury, reside in Gwangju Jeonnam area, and were admitted to the hospital after the 5.18 prodemocracy movement in Gwangju in 1980 upward 10 years. Also this study investigated the frequency of the persecutors before and after the prodemocracy movement and in capital and Gwangju Jeonnam area. Subjects and Methods: Among the 896 patients who were admitted to department of psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital from Jan. 1. 1989 to Dec. 31. 1991, we choosed 144 patients with persecutory delusion who had lived in Gwangju Jeonnam area for 10 years after 5.18 prodemocracy movement as subjects. Persecutors were classified into 7 class: unspecified, family, neighbors, communist or spy, police or army or secret agent, impersonal, others. Results: 1) In our study, the frequency of persecutors was family, unspecified, neighbors, police or army or secret agent, impersonal, others, communist or spy in descending order. As compared to previous studies (1956-2003) including our study about frequency of persecutor at capital area and Gwangju Jeonnam area, and before and after 5.18 prodemocracy movement, 2) At capital area, in the early 1980s, police, family, neighbors, unspecified person was frequent in descending order. In the both of early 1970s, 1990s, neighbors, family, unspecified person, police was frequent in descending order. 3) At Gwangju Jeonnam area, in the early 1970s, family, unspecified person, neighbors, police was frequent in descending order. In the early 1990s, unspecified person and family, neighbors, police was frequent in descending order. 4) The police class was most frequent at capital area in the early 1980s. Conclusions: We suppose that class of persecutor in persecutory delusions of psychiatric patients are changing according to social change, and frequency of police class was decreasing in both of capital and Gwangju, Jeonnam area.

幼兒文學敎育 實態에 관한 基礎硏究 : 慶南地域 幼兒敎育機關을 中心으로

姜仁彦,金英淑 진주여자전문대학 1988 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of the literature education of young children in Gyeong Sang Nam Do, The specific problems of this study are as follows : 1. What is the goal of young childrens's literature education? 2. What is the criteria for the selection of young children's literature books? 3. What is trends of use and interest for media of young children's literature? 1) What is trends of use and interest for fairy tales and creative tales? 2) What is trends of use and interest for picture-tales? 3) What is trends of use and interest for kinds of puppets? 4) Have you ever taken a chance of a puppet-show? 5) Have you ever taken a chance of children's drama? 6) Have you ever used the children's verse in a classroom? 4. How many books of young children's literature do they stock in kindergarten and what is the teacher s viewpoint for these? 5. How is YES or NO of the teacher s experience for a creative activity of young children's literature? 6. For fairy tales : 1) What is the title of fairy tale most used in kindergarten? 2) What is the title of fairy tale which kindergarten-boys are most interested in? 3) What is the title of fairy tale which kindergarten-girls are most interested in? 4) What is the title of fairy tale which kindergarten-teachers are most interested in? 7. What do you want in the class allocated for young children's literature in college? 8. What is the problem in young cildren's literature education? For this study 27 nursery schools, 20 kindergarten attached to elementary schools and 78 private kindergarten in Kyeong Sang Nam Do were randomly sampled. The total subject of the study were 125 teachers. The instrument used for this study was a questionnaire. It was distributed to the teachers and filled out by them. Chi-square was used to analyze by the data obtained from the questionnaire. The results of this study are as follows : 1. For the goal of young children's literature education : 'to be helped creative and expressive activities to literature in various ways' was regarded to be the most important in general. 2. For the criteria for selection of young children's literature books ; 'the contents related a unit was regarded to be the most important in general. 3. For the trends of use interest fot the media of young children s literature ; 'picture-tale' and 'picture-books' are the descending order responded. 4. For books of young children's literature and teacher s viewpoint for those ; '100 books and below them' and 101-200 books' are the descending order responded and answered 'proper' for these. 5. For the YES or No of the teacher's experience for a creative activity of youg children's literature ; 'NO' was regarded to be the most in general. 6. For fairy tales and the title of fairy tale most used in kindergartens ; 'Heungbu-Jean', 'Hokburi-younggam' and 'Hae wa Dali Deun O-nui' are the descending order responded by boys. 'Kongzui and patzui' and 'Baek-seol Princess' are the descending order responded by girls. And 'Hae wa dali Deun O-nui' and 'Hokburi-younggam' are by teachers. 7. For the request to the class allocated for young children's literature in college ; 'the manufacture technique for media of young children's literature and communiate method 'and' the guidance of the creative education to the genre of young children's literature' are the descending order responded by teachers. 8. For the problem in young children's literature education ; 'the problem of manufacture technique for media', 'The difficulty of selection for a literary work and the poor of a subject matter' and 'the poor of teaching materials' are the descending order responded by teachers.

한ㆍ일 모더니즘 소설의 비교연구(1) : 新感覺派와 요코미쓰 리이치의 소설 New Sensitivity Group and Yokomitsu Ri-ichi

강인숙 건국대학교 1995 學術誌 Vol.39 No.1

1.Japanese modernism and 'New Sensitivity Group' Comparative study on Korean and Japanese Modernism, I want to study Japan first, because they started about ten years ahead of Korea, so there must be influences from Japan to Korea along with European modernism. Japanese modernism was influenced from Europe, and they called the first modernist group 'New Sensitivity Group'. When their magazine Literary Era appeared with the novel of Yokomitsu Ri-ichi's "The Head and the Belly," Chiba Kameo called them "New Sensitivity Group," and the group members accepted it. In Japan, there is four groups of modernism. 1) New Sensitivity Group 2) New Artist Group 3) New psychologist group 4) Intellectualist group Among these (1) was dominant and Yokomitsu was the leader of this group. That's why, I study Yokomitsu and 'New Sensitivity Group' first. The period of 'New Sensitivity Group' was generally from october 1924 to may 1927. which was the term of their magazing Literary Era. But, Japanese extend it from 1923 to 1930, because, in Yokomitsu's case, the characteristic trait of the 'New Sensitivity Group' appears from the novel "The Aureole of the sun"(1923), and ends "Shanghai"(1929) and "Machine"(1930). 2.The technique of 'New Sensitivity Group' in Yokomitsu's case 1) Anti-private novel (1) Puppet theory The unique feature of Japanese novel is the tradition of private novel. They suppose it as major genre among the novels. When they imported naturalism, Japanese writers misunderstood 'truth' as "fact, and rejected fictionality. They thought writers have to write with the materials they have experienced directly. From the Meiji era to Daisho, the tradition of private novel reigned in Japan. Yokomitsu opposed it. He declared "We would like to creak puppet. And he begins to write with materials remote from his personal experience. "The Aureole of the Sun" and "The Quiet Pararellel" from antiquity, "Napoleon and the Worm" from alien county. Only "Spring Comes Through the Chariot" and "Speculation of Flowery Garden" were exceptional case which based on his own experience. (2) External point of view and complex point of view Yokomitsu was externalized the point of view of narrators. During the period of Literary Era, he usually used the third person pointy of view like realist in Europe. But, he also used double point of view, and in "The Machine"(1930), he invented a term "fourth person point of view," These complex point of views were not only external, internality included it. 2) Anti-realign (1) temporal background Yokomitsu also rejected realign of traditional novel. It begins from temporal background. In "The Aureole of the sun" and "The Quiet Pararellel," he went back to the antiquity. "Napoleon and the Worm" was also deals with past. It oppose realist's 'presentday fromula.' (2) Space There is also distance from reality in space. The settings of "Napoleon and the Worm" and "Shang-hoi" were alien land. "The Aureole of the Sun" also distant place from author's reality even though it is domestic splace. The setting of "The Head and the Belly" and "The Fly" are transit space which realist avoided. Japanese naturalist limited thier setting 'inside of residence.' The two novel based upon writer's experience also not suitable for realistic novel, because it is an isolated sanatorium or villa there is no everyday life in it. The setting of Yokomitsu's above mentioned novels were anti-realistic, except "The Machine." We have to consider about the urbanism here, because, New Sensitivity Group insist their literature was urbane. But, in Yokomitsu, there is almost no urban setting execpt "The Machine" and "Shanghai", the other novel's setting are rural place or suburbus of the city, so it can't be consider as an urban literature in strict stance. (3) Against the causality of plot Begining paragraph of "The Head and the Belly" was very famous in Japan. "The express train ignored small stations as if it is a stone." But it hasn't relation with next paragraph. 1) A boy singing aloud in the train. 2) Suddenly the train stopped 3) Waiting or changing the train was passengers choice 4) A man with big belly lined leaving group, other passengers followed him except the boy. 5) The train started again with the boy and his song. Between these events, there is no causal relationship at all. Yokomitsu depicted all these events like the painter sketches scenery without explanation. Speed of the train, head of the boy, belly of the man were all isolated and apart, (4) New sensitivity in his style "I had a period of desperate struggle against our national language" once Yokomitsu said. It was the periode of his New Sensitivity Group. He had rejected old realistic style, and eagerly wanted new one. That's the archaic style of "The Aureole of the sun." He hat continue the experiment on style, which avoided spoken language and prefered written one. Short sentence, strange metaphor, visual imagery, repetition, physical metaphor and ananlogy, personifications were his stylistic trait until "Shanghai" New, strange styles were the most dominant trait of New Sensitivity Group. But, he had changed his style since "The Machine". For express the deep inside of human psychology, he used long, insessant paragraph. 3.The modernism of Yokomitsu Ri-ichi The characteristic feature of modernistic novel in general is anti-realism, It appeaers 1) adoption of Freudian formula, 2) subjective time, 3) descontinuity of plot, 4) deformation of genre, etc. Yokomitsu Ri-ichi's case, 1) and 3) was similar in some degree. And the experimental side of new style also distinct. With this anti-realistic techenique, we may call him modernist. There is similarity with modernism on the complex point of view too. But, anti-private novel is not modernistic. Above all, the externalization of point of view and puppet theory are not suitable for modernism.

環境保全을 爲한 生態系 基本調査 硏究

姜寅求 동국대학교 대학원 1985 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.15 No.-

This study was carried out to give basic information about pertinent green space management in industrial area, Ulsan which has being airpolluted. Recent research on The interaction between plants and air pollution was briefly reviewed. Total and annual biomass yield, leaf surface area, net assimilation rate, total sulfur content in foliages and visible injury were examined between various plant species and between the two regions which are airpolluted severely and lightly, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The vegetations including trees and agronomic crops were sparsely distributed around the industrial area in Ulsan. Among them, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida Alnus hirsuta and Quercus acutissima were major tree species producing poor yield. 2. In lightly polluted areas (Seongan and Bukjeong), P. rigida, P. thunbergii, P. densiflora, Q. acutissima, A. hirsuta and Robinia pseudoacacia showed good biomass yield in descending order, while P. densiflora, R. pseudoacacia, P. rigida and P. thunbergii did less yield in severely polluted areas(Yaeaum and Yeochon) 3. A. hirsuta and R. pseundoacacia among deciduous trees produced large leaf areas whereas P. thunbergii, P. rigida and P. densiflora were the best among coniferous trees. 4. Net assimiltion rate of trees growing in Seongan and Bukjeong areas was higher than that in Yaeaum and Yeochon areas 5. Trees growing in Yaeaum and Yeochon areas showed higher total sulfur contents in leaves than those in Seongan and Bukjeong areas. 6. Studied biomass yields indicated larger in the less polluted areas of Seongan and Bukjeong where vegetations are richer than the more polluted areas. 7. Total anounts of dry matter biomass produced from Ulsan area were estimated to be 150,714.68 tons. Annual production of dry matter biomass amounts to be 35,804.62 tons. Estimated amount for O_2 produced annually from the vegetated area(11.179ha) in Ulsan was 37,959.9 tons while that for SO_2 was 45.07 tons. 8. Low annual yield of biomass in Ulsan, in generel, was due mainly to worse environmental conditions. Thus, a further study is urgently needed for better management of green space as well as pollution control in Ulasn area.

신소설에 나타난 novel의 징후 : 「치악산」과 「쟝화홍련젼」의 비교연구 Comparative Study on "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun"

강인숙 건국대학교 1996 學術誌 Vol.40 No.1

In Korean literature, we have a genre named 'new novel' between romance and novel. To clarify the characteristic feature of new novel, 1 want to compare the structures of "Chiaksan" and "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". Both of these novels share many thing in common. For example, both of them are step mother story, but they also have certain differences. In this article, I would like to demon-strate the symptoms of novel in new novel by clarifying the different phase of these two novels. 1.Character A) Similar phase (1) protagonist a) social class: yangban b) moral phase: superior class c) role in the story: good suffering step children d) typicality of characters: their assistants are also good (2) antagonist a) social class: yangban, however, economic and moral phases are inferior than protagonist. b) role in the story: bad step mother with bad assistant B) difference (1) In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," the helper of antagonist is her own son. "Chiaksan" is different. Helpers of antagonist are her servants. Unlike the blood relationship in "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," these servants help the antagonist because of the money and the land she offer. They are market oriented type, suitable characters for novel. 2.The method of characterization. In terms of character roles, there are many similarities in both stories. But the method of characterization in them are much different. In "Story of Janghwa Hongryun," characters are very simple. In other word, they are one dimensional. Good person is always good and also beautiful. Morality and the beauty is unseparable in this story. "Chiakson" is different. Characters of this story has more complex dimensions as follow. (1) Protagonist has a a lot of virtues yet she also has bad side. Antagonist is bad. but also has some nice element. The good and the evil blended in each character so the characters in "Chiaksan" are more realistic than "Story of Janghwa Hongryun". (2) Beauty and the virtue of characters are not combined in this story. Antagonist of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is ugly, but the step mother of "Chiaksan" is beautiful even though she is bad. Her husband knows very well about her badness, yet he cannot help loving her. These kinds of complexity make characters more realistic. 3.Chronotopos The locational setting of "Story of Janghwa Hongryun" is not vague, but the name of the place has almost no meaning in this story, Same is true in terms of the temporal dimension. Chronotopos in "Chiaksan" is more realistic. The location is the place the author knows very well. So is the same in case of temporal dimension. The chronotopos in this story is "here and now" type, similar to novel, Enlargement of spatial scale, the concreteness of the locational description, interest of characters' manners and costumes and type of the chronotopos are symptoms of novel found in "Chiaksan". Unlike novel, however, where most of action happen in the 'community', locations of action in "Chiaksan" are usually outside of the 'village' touch as mountain and water mill cottage, etc. The market oriented characters are not protagonist yet in this novel, they are only assistant characters. These means the conditions of novel are not matured enough in "Chiaksan." 4. The causal relationship in the plot The author of "Chiaksan" is too conscious about the probability of the story. He explains too much for each event. This kind of expositions disturb the profess of the story, thus drive the reader's interest out from it. For example, when the father in law informed that his daughter in law has a lover, he ordered his servant bring to him some poison for punish her. In this critical scene, the author spend too much time explaining about the process of getting the poison which destroy the tension of the scene. This is common trait of new novel. Writers are too conscious about the causality of the action, so the readers become distracted. The elements of novel and romance are intermingled in new novel. Even though it is not matured enough to become novel, there are many symptoms of novel found in new novel which initiated the development of novel eventually. The writer of new novel were longing for new ara and new genre of writing, that they wanted rejecte the old narrative method.

양·한방 협진 대학병원 간호사의 업무 스트레스와 직무만족도 비교연구

강승주,김인숙 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Objective: This study is descriptive comparison investigation study to compare grasping western and Oriental Medicine nurse's job stress and job satisfaction degree which work in university hospital. Method: Study population was 177 nurses who worked in the 2 Internal and Oriental Medicine university hospital in Gwang-ju and 1 Western and Oriental Medicine university hospital situated in Chollabukdo and the data was collected from September 1 to September 20, 2004. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis and the data were ana- lysed by the use of freuency, Percentages, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation coefficients, and Scheffe's test. Resutt: The study findings were as follows: 1. Difference between subject person's two group of job stress degree, Internal Medicine nurses business stress whole grades is 3.24 points, and Oriental Medicine nurses business stress whole grades was 2.71 points. 2. There was difference that business stress degree by subject person's general special quality keeps in mind in positional 3.74, p=.000), health (t=11.93, P=.000), work schedule period(F=10.60, P=,000) in Internal Medicine nurses, and in age(F=4.43, P=.006), education opportunity (F=3.91, P=.024), satisfaction factor(F=3.76, p=.007) in Oriental Medicine nurses. Job satisfaction by general special quality was similar difference in education opportunity(F=3.43, p=.037), hea1th(F=6.34, P=0.35), work schedule period(F=10.60, P=.000) in Internal Medicine nurses and there was similar difference in education opportunity(F=5.72, P=.005) in Oriental Medicine nurses(P<-001). 3. According to result that analyze business stress and interrelation between job satisfaction, job satisfaction was low as business stress is high displaying station interrelation in business stress and job satisfaction(r=-.453, P=.000). As business stress is high displaying station interrelation in Internal Medicine nurses, Oriental Medicine nurses, job satisfaction was low (r=-.430, P=.000). 4. Difference between subject person's two group of job satisfaction Internal Medicine nurses 2.51 points be and Oriental Medicine nurse's job satisfaction whole grades difference that Oriental Medicine nurse's job satisfaction was some high than Internal nurses but keeps in mind between two group because it is 2.55 points be. Conclusion: systematic reform measure with education, work environment development that can manage stress because control of business stress becomes important factor to increase job satisfaction that need known support consider.

진주지역 유치원의 변천과정에 대한 연구

강인언,임성혜,손영수 진주여자전문대학 1992 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the history of early childhood education in Chinju city. And the second purpose is to find out various problems in the field of early childhood education in Chinju, and seek improved suggestions. To carry out this study, the researchers gathered many kinds of data from forty kindergarten located in Chinju city. The opening date, the present situations, and the number of teachers, children and classes of each kindergarten were included in the data. The findings and suggestions of this study are as follows : 1. The kindergarten openting in Chinju for the first time in 「Chinju Chiristian Kindergarten」opened in 1916, which is two years later than the first kintergarten for the Korean childern, 「Ewha Kindergarten」opened in 1914 in Seoul. 2. Most of the private kindergartens in Chinju are very poor in financial aspect. 3. The salary level of the teachers of private kindergarten is lower than that of public kindergarten. 4. The concept of the parents on early childhood education is distorted much more than that of the specialists. 5. Educational programs according to ages (3-5 years old children)is required. 6. To elevate the efficiency of early childhood education, the financial support of provincial government as well as central government is required. 7. To recommendate the encouragement of learning in kindergaten, many of the school inspector are necessary in the special field of the early childhood education.