성인 쇄골 간부 골절에서 두 가지 수술적 치료군 간의 결과 비교: 금속판을 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정술과 Steinmann Pin을 이용한 경피적 겸자 정복 및 골수강내 고정술의 결과 비교

허성식 ( Sung Sik Ha ),심재천 ( Jae Chun Sim ),홍기도 ( Ki Do Hong ),김재영 ( Jae Young Kim ),강정호 ( Jung Ho Kang ),박광희 ( Kwang Hee Park ) 대한골절학회 2007 대한골절학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 성인 쇄골 간부 골절에서 금속판을 이용한 관혈적 정복 및 내고정술과 Steinmann pin을 이용한 경피적 겸자 정복 및 골수강내 고정술의 결과를 분석하여 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2006년 1월까지 본원에서 치료한 총 68예의 쇄골 간부 골절을 대상으로 하였으며, 금속판을 이용한 33예, Steinmann pin을 이용한 35예의 치료 결과를 분석하였다. 최종 결과 판정은 강 등의 기준에 의한 임상적 결과와 방사선학적 골유합 기간으로 하였고, 수술 시간을 비교하였다. 결과: 임상적 결과는 우수 이상의 예가 금속판을 이용한 군의 경우 총 33예 중 29예로 88%, Steinmann pin을 이용한 군의 경우 총 35예 중 32예로 91%의 결과를 보였다. 방사선학적 골유합 시기는 각각 평균 8.9주와 9.1주였고, 수술 시간은 금속판 군에서 평균 72분, Steinmann pin 군에서 평균 18분이었다. 결론: 성인 쇄골 간부 골절의 치료에 있어 금속판을 이용한 수술 군과 Steinmann pin을 이용한 수술 군은 임상적, 방사선학적 결과 면에서 통계학적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, Steinmann pin을 이용한 수술 군에서 수술 시간 및 회복기간의 감소로 인하여 경제적인 면과 수술반흔의 감소에 따른 미용적인 면에서 더 만족스런 결과를 보였다. Purpose: To evaluate the results between open reduction and internal fixation with the plate and percutaneous reduction by towel clip and intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pin for clavicle shaft fractures in adult. Materials and Methods: We have studied the results in 33 cases with the plate. 35 cases with the Steinmann pin among total 68 cases of clavicle shaft fracture. The patients were followed up over a period of at least 12 months. The final postoperative outcome was analyzed with the clinical outcomes using Kang`s criteria. radiological union time and operation time. Results: The clinical outcome that was good or excellent according to the Kang`s criteria showed a distribution of 88% in the group using the plate with 29 cases out of total 33 cases. 91% in the group using the Steinmann pin with 32 cases out of total 35 cases. The mean radiological union time was 8.9 weeks in the group using the plate. 9.1 weeks in the group using Steinmann pin. The mean operation time was 72 minutes in the group using the plate, whereas was 18 minutes in the group using Steinmann pin. Conclusion: In the treatment of adult clavicle shaft fracture. two groups did not show a significant statistical difference in clinical and radiological outcomes. However, the operation time and postoperative functional recovery was significantly shorter and faster in the group using Steinmann pin. Additionally economic and cosmetic aspect was more satisfactory in the group using Steinmann pin.

환경, 혁신지향성, IS활용과 조직성과

강재정,천영수 제주대학교 관광산업연구소 2001 産經論集 Vol.15 No.1

敎養課程으로서의 「人口와 未來」開設 및 運營에 관한 實驗硏究 : 梨花女子大學校를 中心으로

康宇哲,徐洸善,田贊和,金在恩,蘇興烈 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1979 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.33 No.-

This is a research report of the research that led to the opening of a population education course at Ewha Womans University. The research itself may be divided into the following four parts: planning for the research ; preparatory work for a population education course; opening of a population course; and evaluation of the population course. In the first stage of the research, the work, as usual, consisted of organizing the research team, setting up the research objectives, planning the research schedule, etc. The project began in the Fall of 1974, and concluded in the Fall of 1978. In the second stage of the research, the work was carried out for the preparation of a course in population education. Several sessions of faculty conference, in which more than 40 professors from various fields of specialization participated, were held in order to determine the specific objectives of the proposed course, to draw up a syllabus, and to prepare for a textbook for the course. When a rough sketch of the syllabus, and the contents of the course was made a student group was organized to examine and evaluate it. In the third stage of the research, a population education course titled "Population and Future" was opened as an elective course in the general education curriculum. This was in the Fall of 1875, and the course remained open every semester until now. An anthology with the same title as the course itself was used for reading, and the teaching was carried out as a team teaching by a team of 6-9 professors. In the fourth stage of the research, an evaluative study was taken up in order to evaluate the course with regard to its structure, textbook, teaching method, and its contents, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the course on terms of the students' change in their cognitive and emotive or attitudinal response to population problem.

오피스건물 성능평가지표 개발 및 그 인증 방안에 관한 연구

강미선,이명식,전재열,임하영 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study is (1) to present the performance evaluation model of office buildings and (2) to use this model as a measurement tool upon the introduction of the certification system. The evaluation models currently in use do not cover all areas required for the full evaluation of an office building, all concentrating only on a specialized area of their own. In this paper, the categories for performance evaluation were chosen based on a survey by field specialists and building users and also data from many prior researches. An objective and synthetic standard for office building's performance was made by giving a weighting to each selected category based on the results from the survey. The evaluation fields can be divided into two main parts - the internal performance of the building and performance affected by external changes. This performance evaluation model is expected to become the basis of the introduction of the office building certification system. The introduction of the certification system will provide a credible standard for people to evaluate buildings, and that is expected to lead to the activation of the building market. This is the major reason the office building certification system needs to be introduced and established.

무증상군의 요추부 유연성과 그라프 불안정 정도

강재도,김광열,김형천,정경칠,유호섭 침례병원 1998 浸禮病院學術誌 Vol.14 No.-

漢川 유역의 植物相

전재인,신상천,강경아,이종운 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

하천 휴식년제 실시에 따른 자연 생태계 조사의 일환으로 한천 상류 15km 구간의 육상과 수계의 식물상 조사를 실시하여, 하천 휴식년 초기의 상태를 파악하고자 하였다. 전 조사 지역에 걸쳐 66科 160屬 193種 30變種 1亞種이 출현, 총 225種類의 육상 관속 식물이 관찰되었고, 상류로 갈수록 목본 식물의 출현이 증가하여 자연 식생과 유사하였으며 하류로 갈수록 귀화 식물이나 노변식물(Ruderal plant)의 출현이 증가하였다. 7科 13屬 14種이 출현한 귀화 식물로 본 한천의 都市化指數(UI)는 6.6%로서 아직 인간에 의한 간섭 정도가 낮음을 의미하였다. 수생 식물은 2科 3屬 4種이 기록되었고 주로 하류 지역에서 발견되어 아직 수질의 오염 정도도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. For the detailed description on the early stage of Han-stream resting years, terrestrial and freshwater flora along 15 km upper stream was investigated. 66 families, 160 genera, 193 species, 30 varieties and 1 subspecies, as a whole 225 sorts of terrestrial tracheophytes were observed in this valley and distributed more woody plants upwardly, more neophytes and ruderal plants downwards. Neophytes of 7 families, 13 genera, 14 species indicated 6.6% of Urbanization Index and shows low human interruption. 2 families, 3 genera, 4 species of observed hydrophytes in the downstream indicated also low water pollution.

초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하는 친환경 공정에 의한 다공성 고분자의 제조

강세란,홍성수,이민규,이석희,천재기,주창식 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

An experimental study on the preparation of monolithic porous polymers by environmentally friend process in supercritical carbon dioxide has been carried out. Polymerization mixture composed of a cross-linking monomer, initiator and functional co-polymer was charged in the reactor with sapphire window. After the system was purged with a flow of CO₂ for 15 min, the reactor was pressurized with liquid CO₂ up to 100 bars. The reactor was isolated from and placed back to the system via quick connector for shaking until the mixture had become fully homogeneous. The reactor was then heated and pressurized to the required reaction conditions and left overnight. After cooling and CO₂ evacuation, the polymer was removed from the reactor as dry, white, continuous monoliths. The effect of experimental conditions on the physical properties of porous polymer was systematically examined, and it was found that monomer content had a major effect on the physical properties of the polymers.

주파수 선택성 다중경로 페이딩 채널에서 Near/Far 영향을 받는 Multi-Carrier CDMA Trellis Coded 16 QAM 시스템의 성능 해석

노재성,강희조,김춘길,김언곤,조성준 대전산업대학교 반도체기술연구소 2000 半導體技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-

본 논문에서는 주파수 선택성 다중경로 페이딩과 Near/Far 영향을 받는 Multi-Carrier CDMA 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 성능 분석을 위해 사용한 파라미터들은 Multi-Carrier의 수, 다중사용자의 수, RAKE 수신기의 가지수, 주파수 선택성 다중경로 페이딩의 감쇄지수, 그리고 CDMA 다중사용자의 분포와 세기이다. Multi-Carrier CDMA 시스템에서 Near/Far 영향을 분석하기 위하여 3가지의 간섭 분포 모델을 설정하였다. 첫 번째 모델은 다중사용자가 간섭과 대 반송파 비인 I/C를 -4 dB에서 4dB 사이에서 2dB씩의 차이를 가지며 20%씩 균일하게 분포하는 경우이다. 두 번째 모델은 다중사용자가 I/C 비를 -2 dB에서 2 dB 사잉에서 2 dB씩의 차이를 가지며 33.3%씩 균일하게 분포하는 경우이다. 그리고 세 번째 모델은 모든 다중사용자가 I/C가 0 dB로 신호 전력과 간섭 전력이 동일하게 분포하며 전력이 완전하게 제어된 경우이다. 그리고 본 논문에서는 주파수 선택성 다중경로 페이딩의 영향을 감소시키기 위하여 RAKE 수신기를 채용한 Multi-Carrier CDMA 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 시스템에서는 제시한 3가지의 간섭 분포 모델중에서 세 번째 모델(완전 전력제어가 된 경우)이 가장 좋은 성능을 나타내었고, 간섭파의 전력과 신호파의 전력차이가 적을수록 희망 신호에 영향을 주는 간섭 신호의 전력량이 적어서 Multi-Carrier CDMA 시스템의 성능이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. The performance of a multi-carrier CDMA system is analyzed considering frequency selective multipath fading and Near/Far effects. The number of multicarrier, multiuser, and arms of RAKE receiver, and the decay ratio of frequency selective multipath fading are used as a parameter for the performance analysis. Moreover, the distribution and the strength of multiuser interference are also considered. To evaluate the Near/Far effects in a multi-carrier CDMA system, three distribution models are assumed. In the first model, Interference to Carrier Ratio, I/C, ranges from -4 dB to 4dB, and at each 2 dB interval, 20% of multiuser is assumed to be uniformly distributed. In the second one, I/C ranges from -2 dB to 2dB, and 33.3% of multiuser is assumed to be equally dispersed at each 2dB interval. The third model is 0 dB of I/c, that is, with perfect power control, multiuser are assumed to be evenly located. In this paper, multi-carrier CDMA system adopting RAKE receiver is proposed to mitigate the frequency selective multipath fading. From the results, the third model(i.e. perfect power control) shows the best perfomance, and the narrower range of I/C causes the less effects to the desired signal, which reads to the better performance.

ZnO 초미립분말 분산이 수용액으로부터 Ag이온을 수거하기 위한 광촉매 작용에 미치는 영향

유강,박혜정,정윤중,이재춘,박성 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

ZnO nanopowders were prepared by solution-combustion method (SCM). The SCM ZnO nanopowders were treated by five different dispersants. They were used as a photocatalyst to remove Ag ions from a used photographic developing solution. The Ag ion removal rates by the dispersed SCM ZnO nanopowders were then compared to those by otherphotocatalyst powders such as ZnO(Junsei, Japan), P25 TiO₂ (Degussa, Germany) and TiO₂ powder prepared by homogeneous precipitation process at low temperature (HPPLT). The dispersion of SCM ZnO nanopowderin the solution enhanced the Ag ion removal rate up to about 20folds compared to P25 TiO₂ nanopowder and 5 folds to SCM ZnO nanopowders without dispersion. Sodium hexametaphosphate was the most effective dispersant among them.

유산균(L.lactis CBT-8)및 발효 추출물의 Helicobacter pylori 억제 능력

진춘조,박형석,이혜운,김성렬,강동구,이준상,이재동,왕준호 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-

Helicobacter pylori infection was the cause of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric MALT lymphoma. The eradication rates of H. pylori using antibiotics are around 80%. Lactobacilli have been demonstrated to have in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects on H. pylori infection. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of L. lactis CBT-8 and its extract on H. pylori in human stomach. Thirty-five H. pylori-infected volunteers(30-49 yr)were randomized into two groups which were treated with L. lactis CBT-8 and its extract(Group A n=17) or milk containing L. lactis CBT-8(Group B, n=18). They underwent 13C-urea breath tests before and after treatment. The DOB30 of group A(n=14) was decreased 41.0% after treatment(26.0±4.9 before, 15.3±2.1 after treatment)(p<0.05). the DOB30 of group B(n=13) was decreased 22.3% after treatment(22.0±2.2 before, 17.1±1.7 after treatment)(p<0.05). In conclusion, L. lactis CBT-8 was effective in suppressing H. pylori infection in human stomach.