Proficiency, Use of Context and Non-Native Speech Perception in Noise Performance

Kanae Nishi 한국청각언어재활학회 2018 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.14 No.3

Purpose: The present study evaluated a novel method of quantifying relative use of bottom-up and top-down processing when perceiving speech in challenging listening conditions. Methods: One-hundred seven normal-hearing adults participated as listeners. Fortyseven were Spanish-speaking, second-language learners of English (L2) and 60 were monolingual speakers of English. Using adaptive procedure, signal-to-noise ratios required for 70%-correct recognition of words and sentences (SNR70) were obtained for all listeners. Individual listeners were statistically classified as “native-like” or “non-native” based on the sentence and word SNR70. Results: Despite their native-like performance in quiet, only half of the L2 listeners’ SNR70 values were “native-like”, whereas the remaining half L2 listeners required more favorable SNR70. Interestingly, although there was no notable difference in language background among the “nonnative”L2 listeners, half of them required more favorable SNR70 for sentences than for words, suggesting inability to use sentence context as effectively as the remaining “non-native” or “native-like” L2 listeners. Conclusion: The results show that the present method may be useful in identifying the shortcomings in listening strategies individual second-language learners use. Such information can possibly serve as a guide to choose exercises and/or training to alleviate difficulty they experience in challenging listening conditions, which may be possibly applicable to other listener populations.

Psychological Stress Effect on Color Characteristics Observed in Casual Fashion

Kanae Kurahayashi,Chiyomi Mizutani,Momoe Ukaji,Aliyaapon Jiratanatiteenun,Saori Kitaguchi,Tetsuya Sato,Kanji Kajiwara 한국색채학회 2011 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

For Japanese, the European style is not a traditional way of clothing, but the Japanese youth now adapt the European style as granted. As the cultural background is different from that in Europe, the Japanese youth never consider the social significance of the European style clothes, and design without any traditional restriction. In these 150 years, the Japanese have been unconsciously balancing their mentality between the European rational logics and traditional ambiguity. In other words, we are always under psychological pressure by clothing, and in consequence create the European-style clothes with the Japanese sense of value, leading to the birth of Japan cool. The Japan cool is in the sense a resistance against the rational civilization based on the European logics. This fact explains why the phenomena of the so-called Japonism appear periodically at the time of the industry revolution. The report aims to analyze the influence of the psychological stress and individual character on the choice of color in our daily clothing. A human character is another factor to be considered in the analysis. The results indicate the color characteristics depend on the psychological stress in some extent when the total stress is considered. However, Y (yellow) shows no stress dependence because the color variation could be less available in the market. The subjects were found to cocoon themselves to be less distinguished in public by the psychological stress. The Japan cool is thought to have emerged from the private clothes of the "black-list" type and the "calm" type under the psychological stress.

DNA Microarray Analysis of Gene Expressions Induced by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives in Rat Liver Cancer Cells

Kanae Bekki,Hidetaka Takigami,Go Suzuki,Ning Tang,Takayuki Kameda,Akira Toriba,Kazuichi Hayakawa 한국대기환경학회 2011 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5월

Internal Transportation of a Sex Pheromone Precursor by Lipophorin in the Geometrid Female Moth, which Secretes an Epoxyalkenyl Pheromone

Kanae Matuoka,Tetsu Ando 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05

A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF USA FOOD AND BEVERAGE ADVERTISEMENTS ON CHILDREN’S TELEVISION: FOCUS ON HEALTH PROMOTION AND OTHER PERSUATION TECHNIQUES

Kanae Suzuki,Michelle R. Nelson 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction Despite the rise of digital media, TV remains the number one place children spend their media time (Moses, 2014). Past research has shown that less healthy food and beverages such as those containing high fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) are prominent in TV commercials (e.g., Carter, Patterson, Donovan, Ewing, & Roberts, 2011). In these commercials, various persuasive techniques (e.g., taste/smell, convenience), which promote the purchase of the products, have been used (Hebden, King, & Kelly, 2011). Extensive studies have found that exposure to advertising for HFSS products, including confectionery, soft drinks, crisps or savory snacks, fast food, pre-sugared breakfast cereals, is associated with children‟s cognition, food consumption, and obesity (e.g., Harris, Bargh, & Brownell, 2009; Macklin, 1994; see also Moore, Wilkie, & Desrochers, 2017). Since younger children, especially those in the “perceptual stage” of development, may not understand the persuasive or selling intent of commercials (e.g., John, 1999), they may be vulnerable to this advertising. As a result, several countries such as UK and Ireland (Hawkes, Lobstein, & For the Polmark Consortium, 2011) have introduced restrictions or regulations for broadcasting food and beverage commercials for children. The commercials of HFSS food and beverage have sometimes introduced these products with healthier images and words / phrases like health and nutrition claims. Health claims refer to any representation that states, suggests, or implies that a relationship exists between a food (/beverage) or a constituent of that food (/beverage) and health. Nutrition claims mean any representation which states, suggests or implies that a food (/beverage) has particular nutritional properties including but not limited to the energy value and to the content of protein, fat and carbohydrates, as well as the content of vitamins and minerals (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States & World Health Organization, 2013). Using health messages for HFSS food presents the risk of a biased image of the products (i.e., they are „healthy‟), which may result in unhealthy life styles and conditions. In recent years, there has been regulatory pressure on food advertisers to market their products responsibly (e.g., WHO regulations; Kraak et al., 2016). At the same time, the Children‟s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) emerged, in which several leading companies pledged to market their products to children responsibly (see editorial by Boyland & Harris, 2017). Therefore, we were interested in seeing if food and beverage advertising had changed in 2017. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the relative frequency of food and beverage commercials targeting children with a focus on healthy aspects of the products, their health and nutrition claims, as well as other persuasive techniques. Method A total of twenty hours of programming targeting children was recorded on Nickelodeon and Cartoon Networks in the United States during the hours of 5 p.m. to 10 p.m. on two weekdays in September 2017. The advertisements were coded for product type (“food”, “beverage”, fast-food restaurant (“Restaurant: Quick-service/fast food restaurant”), and sit-down restaurant (“Restaurant: Sit-down restaurant”), food type (e.g., “confectionary”, “savory snacks”, “pre-prepared convenience foods”, “bread”, “fruits”, and “vegetables”) (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Health Organization, 2016; Suzuki, 2018), and persuasive techniques (e.g., “health claims”, “nutrition claims”, “taste/smell/flavor”, “convenience”, “scientific information”, “celebrities/a well-known person”, and “eating /drinking behavior”) (e.g., Hebden et. al., 2011; Jenkin, Madhvani, Signal & Bowers, 2014; Kraak & Story, 2015; Warren, Wicks, Wicks, Fosu, & Chung, 2008). Food type can be classified into two categories; Less healthy (“confectionary”, “savory snacks”, “sweet bakery wares”, “other sweets/desserts”, “Sugared breakfast cereals”, “pre-prepared convenience foods”) or healthier categories related to other food categories (Ofcom, 2004; Nutrition Australia, 2013; Suzuki, 2018). Seven coders independently evaluated the advertisements, with two coders assigned to every programming block. They were trained for about three weeks to read the coding manual, practice coding and discuss the coding scheme, and revise their coding after receiving feedback of the trial coding. To check coding reliability, two independent coders evaluated the same programs. 94.3% agreement was achieved for product type. Results and discussion A total of 856 commercials appeared. Food and beverage advertisements represented 29.0% (N=248). On average, children were exposed to 12.4 food and beverage advertisements per hour. Of all the food, beverage and restaurant advertisements, “food” and fast-food commercials were frequently broadcasted; 40.7% (N=101) were for “food” commercials, and fast-food restaurant commercials accounted for 43.5% (N=108). 12.1% (N=30) “beverage” commercials and 3.6% (N=9) sit-down restaurant commercials were included. Food, beverage and restaurant commercials were more likely to appear on Nickelodeon (36.2%, N=129) than on the Cartoon network (28.4%, N=419) (χ2=5.43, df=1, p<.05). As for the appearances of product type, “food” advertisements frequently appeared on Nickelodeon (54.6%, N=65), whereas the programs of Cartoon network included a lot of fast food commercials (61.2%, N=79). In examining the appearances of “beverage”, “food”, “fast food”, and “others (except food, beverage, and restaurant)” between the channels, the results showed that the programs of Cartoon network were more likely to broadcast “fast food” commercials than those of Nickelodeon, whereas the programs of Nickelodeon were more likely to broadcast “food” commercials (χ2=38.23, df=3, p<.01)1. The majority of food types were “confectionary” (25.7%, N=26), “savory snacks” (16.8%, N=17), “breakfast cereals” (14.9%, N=15), and “pre-prepared convenience foods” (13.9%, N=14). In classifying various kinds of foods into two big categories related to health (healthier or less healthy) as above-mentioned, less healthy food accounted for 88.1% (N=89). No commercials were categorized into three of the healthier categories (bread, fruits, and vegetables). As persuasive techniques for consumers, “health claims”, and “nutrition claims” were low (8.9%). For example, grape juice produced by Welch‟s used the appeal “sugar free”. In the commercials with nutrition claims, there was no significant difference in the appearance between the “beverage” and “food” commercials (χ2=1.70, df=1, n.s.). The other persuasive techniques like “convenience” (75.8%, N=188), “taste/smell/flavor” (51.2%, N=127), and “eating/drinking behavior” (49.2%, N=122) were frequently used. In contrast, the rates of some techniques (e.g., “celebrities/a well-known person”, “scientific information”) were very low. As for the persuasive technique of “celebrities/a well-known person”, the category of product type was classified in only the “beverage” category. Thus, this study indicated that there were not many less-healthy food commercials that appealed to health and nutrition aspects of the products by using health and nutrition claims, or scientific information. In previous studies, the rate of health and nutrition claims varied between less than 10% to more than 30% (Jenkin et al., 2014). This may be due to the differences in the definitions of health and nutrition claims. Our study referred to the international standard definitions. Therefore, the findings regarding the rate of health and nutrition claims in this study can contribute to overall knowledge about the current spread of health and nutrition claims in “less healthy” food commercials of children‟s television programs. It may also be the case that food companies are acting more responsibly by limiting their persuasion techniques to those that relate to taste or convenience and not by misrepresenting the products as healthy. However, overall, the proportion of less healthy food commercials was high, and various persuasive techniques were used. At the same time, there were no commercials for fruits or vegetables presented during this time frame despite governmental regulations for eating these healthier foods. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the ways that certain foods are promoted (or are not promoted) among parents and policy-makers. As the sample used in this study was recorded only on weekdays and through the two kids' channels. It would be expected that the future study develop the analysis for the recorded commercials on weekends and on the other local channels. The sample used in this study was analyzed only on weekdays and through two children‟s channels. Future research might examine food and beverage advertising across different time frames and channels.

Use of Sentence Context and Speech Perception in Noise for Children Who Were Suspected for Auditory Processing Disorder

Kanae Nishi,Marcin Wróblewski 한국청각언어재활학회 2019 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: Atypical difficulty perceiving speech in noise is one of the behavioral symptoms frequently reported for auditory processing disorder (APD). However, currently there is no consensus regarding the underlying mechanisms for this deficit. Motivated by a view that this is a cumulative result of acoustic-phonetic processing failures, the present study examined the effect of increasing linguistic complexity on speech perception in noise by children who failed audiologic screening for APD. Methods: Listeners were 84 7-to-12 yearold English-speaking children with normal hearing. Nine children failed audiologic APD screening and were referred for further testing (children with referral); 75 were typically-developing peers. Using an adaptive procedure, signal-to-noise ratios required for 70%-correct recognition of words and sentences (SNR70) were obtained for each listener to quantify additional deficit due to sentence context when listening to speech in noise. Results: Despite reported deficits in noise, and contrary to our prediction, no group difference in SNR70 was observed between children with referral and their typically-developing peers. Analysis for individual differences showed that SNR70 for only one child with referral was outside the bounds established for the typically-developing children. Conclusion: Our results did not reflect the reported atypically compromised speech perception in noise by children with referral when compared to their typicallydeveloping peers, implying that these difficulties stem neither from the deficit in acoustic-phonetic processing nor the deficit in the use of sentence context. The present results also suggest that speech perception in noise deficit in APD require more complex speech materials and/or acoustic environments.

The analysis of the inconveniences among the residents of rural communities

Kanae Higo,Kemi Kariya,Omoko Mizuma,Iroshi Sumii 한국노인복지학회 2015 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.32 No.-

A shrinking population, low birthrate, and aging society are problems Japanese society is currently facing. The population of Japan began decreasing in 2005 and It is estimated the population will shrink to 70% of its current level by 2055. there are disparities between sparsely populated mountainous regions and urban areas in terms of the social capital that forms the basis of everyday life (infrastructure such as public facilities, roads, sewers, telecommunications; and medical, health, and welfare systems). Our objective was to clarify issues related to the living environments of older adults people. Methods: Surveys were conducted using questionnaires and through semistructured interviews. (1) Questionnaire survey: Subjects: 333 households, 627 people age 20 or older, a collection rate of 37.3%. (2) Semi-structured interview The result of this study is most of participant wanted to continue living in the district but the living environment are lacking, most of resident is single person households and the 80% of resident are regularly going to hospital. 50% of them in personal interview said that the transportation infrastructure and medical service is inconvenient. The main reason of the inconvenient is high frequent of going to hospital and difficulty finding support. In order to support the older adults to live their home in rural community, it is necessary to advance developing human resources and develop the community support system in order to provide the end of life care in the home.

OPIデータでみる韓国人学習者の外来語使用について - 過去のデータとの共通点と相違点 -

安田佳奈枝(Yasuda, Kanae) 한국일본어학회 2023 日本語學硏究 Vol.- No.78

본 연구의 목적은 2013년 이전(이하 A군)의 OPI(Orl Proficiency Interview) 인터뷰와 2023년(이하 B군) 인터뷰 데이터를 비교하여 외래어 증가세 파악과 과거와 현재 외래어 사용의 공통점과 차이점을 고찰하는 것이다. 조사 대상자는 한국에서 일본어를 전공하는 대학생(A군 6명, B군 15명) 21명이다. 또 외래어 커뮤니케이션 전략이 많은 것으로 선행연구에서 밝혀진 중급 수준을 대상으로 조사를 진행했다. 조사 결과 A군에 비해 B군이 0.6%포인트 높은 비율로 외래어를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 외래어를 어떻게 사용하고 있는지 사용 양상에 착안한 결과, A군과 B군의 공통점으로 ①발음 오용, ②대화를 계속하고자 하는 커뮤니케이션 전략의 두 가지가 나타났다.한편 차이점으로는 ①사용방법이 다양해지고 있다는 점 ②일본어와 한국어의 외래어 차이를 눈치채지 못하고 그대로 한국어식 외래어를 사용해 버리는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 과거에 비해 외래어가 증가함에 따라 사용방법이 다양해지고 있다는 점과 한일 양국 언어의 외래어 차이가 커지고 있음을 시사하며, 향후 일본어 교육에서 외래어 적절한 사용방법에 관한 지도가 필요하게 된다. This study compared OPI (Oral Proficiency Interview) interview data before 2013 (group A) and that in 2023 (group B) to understand the increasing trend of loanwords, and to identify loanwords in the past and present. The purpose was to clarify commonalities and differences in usage. The subjects of the survey were 21 Korean university students majoring in Japanese (6 in Group A and 15 in Group B). In addition, we conducted a survey targeting intermediate level students, for whom previous research has shown that there are many CSs with foreign words. The results of the survey revealed that Group B used foreign words at a rate 0.6% higher than Group A. Next, when we looked at how foreign words were used, we found that Groups A and B had two things in common: (1) mispronunciation, and (2) communication strategies to continue the conversation. On the other hand, the differences were (1) that the usage on loanwords has become more diverse, and (2) that there is a tendency to simply use Korean-style loanwords without noticing the discrepancy between Japanese and Korean loanwords. . As the number of loanwords has increased compared to the past, it has been suggested that usage has become more diverse and that the gap between loanwords in both Japanese and Korean languages has become larger. Guidance on how to use foreign words appropriately will become necessary.

Genetic aberrations on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) in tongue carcinomas

Akiyuki Murano,Kanae Ono,Hirofumi Koike,Yosuke Endo,Ken Shimada,Kenshi Kawasaki,Hitomi Nomura,Masashi Shiiba,Katsuhiro Uzawa,Hideki Tanzawa 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Aberrations on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) are frequently observed in several human cancers. In this study, 20 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens from the tongue were examined in order to evaluate the role of 8p in SCC of the tongue. Microsatellite analysis using 14 markers demonstrated two commonly deleted regions (CDRs) on 8p. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed frequent downregulation of the FEZ1 gene, mapped to 8p22, and frequent over-expression of the cathepsin B gene, mapped to 8p-21-22. These results suggested that genetic aberrations are involved in the development of SCC of the tongue. However, no significant relationship was observed to be established between the genetic alterations and clinicopathological features. Thus, further investigation is necessary in order to clarify the clinical role of 8p in carcinoma of the tongue.

Incidence rates for hospitalized infections, herpes zoster, and malignancies in patients with ulcerative colitis in Japan: an administrative health claims database analysis

Katsuyoshi Matsuoka,Kanae Togo,Noritoshi Yoshii,Masato Hoshi,Shoko Arai 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.1

Background/Aims: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at an increased risk of certain infections and malignancies compared with the general population. Incidence rates (IRs) of hospitalized infections, herpes zoster (HZ), and malignancies in patients with UC, stratified by treatment, in Japan were estimated. Methods: This retrospective study identified patients with UC treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) from 2 administrative databases (Japan Medical Data Center [JMDC] and Medical Data Vision [MDV]). IRs (unique patients with events per 100 patient‐years) were estimated for hospitalized infections, HZ, and malignancies, between June 2010 and May 2018. Results: Among 6,033 MDV patients with UC receiving corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or TNFi, IRs (95% confidence intervals) were: hospitalized infections, 1.73 (1.52–1.93); HZ, 1.00 (0.85–1.16), and malignancies, 1.48 (1.29–1.66). Among 958 JMDC patients with UC receiving corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or TNFi, IRs (95% confidence intervals) were: HZ, 1.82 (1.27–2.37) and malignancies, 1.35 (0.87–1.82). In both cohorts, IRs of malignancies were generally similar among patients receiving immunosuppressants, TNFi, or combination therapy (immunosuppressants and TNFi); this was also true for IRs of hospitalized infections and HZ in the MDV cohort. IRs of hospitalized infections, HZ, and malignancies were higher in patients receiving calcineurin inhibitors compared with immunosuppressants or TNFi, in both cohorts. Conclusions: IRs of hospitalized infections, HZ, and malignancies among patients with UC were generally similar regardless of UC treatment, except for calcineurin inhibitors.