An accessory muscle of flexor digitorum profundus with bipennate first lumbrical: a unique variation of clinical significance

Rohini Motwani(Rohini Motwani ),Ariyanachi Kaliappan(Ariyanachi Kaliappan ),Mrudula Chandrupatla(Mrudula Chandrupatla ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

During the deep dissection of the front of the forearm, an anomalous accessory muscle in relation to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle was observed in the right forearm. The accessory muscle consisted of a spindle-shaped muscle belly with a long tendon underneath the flexor pollicis longus muscle. When followed distally, the accessory muscle tendon was found lateral to the FDP tendon for the index finger and entered the palm deep to the flexor retinaculum. In the palm, we encountered the first lumbrical muscle as a bipennate muscle taking origin from the adjacent sides of the middle of the tendons of FDP and accessory muscle tendon. After giving origin to first lumbrical muscle, the accessory muscle got merged with the tendon of FDP for index finger. Understanding this kind of variation is required for radiologists and hand surgeons for diagnostic purposes and while performing corrective surgical procedures.

Effect of extracellular polymeric substances on sludge reduction potential of Bacillus licheniformis

Merrylin, J.,Kaliappan, S.,Adish Kumar, S.,Yeom, I. T.,Rajesh, Banu J. Springer-Verlag 2013 International journal of environmental science and Vol.10 No.1

Novel hybrids of drug with bioactive heterocycles for enhancing biological activity

Parthiban Valentina,Kaliappan Ilango,Muthu K. Kathiravan 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.10

A novel series of aceclofenac hybridised with 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles were designed using molecular hybridization approach and synthesised 6a–j. The structural integrity was confirmed by analytical methods. The hybrid molecules were subjected to in vitro cytotoxic studies against four human cancer cell lines PA1, OAW-42, T47-D and MCF-7 by MTT assay method. The results indicate that the hybrid molecules bearing halogen on phenyl ring in 6th position of triazolo-thiadiazole exhibited significant cytotoxic activity. The test compounds were also screened for antifungal activity against two strains.

Variant pectoralis minor muscle: a case study with clinical relevance

Rohini Motwani,Ariyanachi Kaliappan,Mrudula Chandrupatla 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4

The pectoralis minor (PMn) muscle originates from the third, fourth, and fifth ribs near the costochondral junctionusually and gets inserted on the medial margin and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula. To look at the morphological insertion patterns and sites of attachment of the PMn muscle in the donated cadavers. Over all 19 limbs were included in the study (9 right and 10 left). Out of 19 limbs, 10 belonged to female and 9 belonged to male cadavers. The cadavers were meticulously dissected to determine the morphological insertion types and location of the attachment of the muscle. Unusual pattern of insertion was observed in 6 limbs (31.6%) out of total 19 limbs included in the study. The variations we observed does not fall completely in the classification by Le Double, hence variations we observed can be considered as new and rare variant which to our knowledge is not reported in literature. We propose this new variant to be type 4 of Le Double classification. The potential of ectopic PMn tendon should be taken into consideration and tested out, especially in patients with shoulder discomfort and stiffening who have ruled out the more frequent diseases. For proper surgical planning, a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or USG examination of the shoulder joint is required considering the prevalence of variation in the insertion pattern of PMn muscle. Preoperative identification of any abnormal PMn insertion can help to reduce the risk of iatrogenic tendon injury and post-operative problems.

Student Team Achievement Division as a tool for peer assisted co-operative learning in neuroanatomy

Rohini Motwani,Ariyanachi Kaliappan,Mrudula Chandrupatla 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4

Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) is a co-operative learning approach premised on a group learning activity that emphazises learning as a social exchange of knowledge between students, in which each student is accountable for his or her own learning and is also encouraged to assist others in achieving their goals. It promotes the cognitive,psychomotor, and emotional growth of students involved in the team. By random sequencing, 60 participants were allocated to interventional group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The participants of the interventional group were subjected to STAD strategy and participants of the control group were instructed to do a conventional self learning on the ventricles of brain. The outcomes were statistically analysed. It was found that the performance of the students is far better with STAD approach than conventional self learning. Our study has shown that Students team Achievement Division can be used as an effective tool for Peer assisted Co-operative Learning in Anatomy. Further studies can be done to investigate the contribution of STAD to teaching other disciplines of Anatomy and other basic medical sciences.

Enhancement of sludge anaerobic biodegradability by combined microwave-H2O2 pretreatment in acidic conditions

Eswari, P.,Kavitha, S.,Kaliappan, S.,Yeom, I. T.,Banu, J. R. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Environmental Science and Pollution Research Vol.23 No.13

<P>The aim of this study was to increase the sludge disintegration and reduce the cost of microwave (MW) pretreatment. Thermodynamic analysis of MW hydrolysis revealed the best fit with a first-order kinetic model at a specific energy of 18,600 kJ/kg total solids (TS). Combining H2O2 with MW resulted in a significant increment in solubilization from 30 to 50 % at 18,600 kJ/kg TS. The pH of H2O2-assisted MW-pretreated sludge (MW + H2O2) was in the alkaline range (pH 9-10), and it made the sludge unfavorable for subsequent anaerobic digestion and inhibits methane production. In order to nullify the alkaline effect caused by the MW + H2O2 combination, the addition of acid was considered for pH adjustment. H2O2-assisted MW-pretreated sludge in acidic conditions (MW + H2O2 + acid) showed a maximum methane production of 323 mL/g volatile solids (VS) than others during anaerobic biodegradability. A cost analysis of this study reveals that MW + H2O2 + acid was the most economical method with a net profit of 59.90 a,not sign/t of sludge.</P>

Trade-induced Unemployment in Labor-abundant and Capital-abundant OIC Countries: Asymmetric Evidence from Quantile-on-Quantile Regression

Ali Sajid,Yusop Zulkornain,Kaliappan Shivee Ranjanee,Chin Lee 한국국제경제학회 2020 International Economic Journal Vol.34 No.4

This study aims to analyze the impact of trade openness on unemployment in labor-abundant and capital-abundant countries of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) by taking the data from 1991 to 2018. A new technique quantile-on-quantile (QQ) is applied to show how quantiles of trade openness asymmetrically affect the quantiles of unemployment by providing an appropriate framework to capture the overall dependence structure. 8 out of 10 capital-abundant countries show a positive association between trade openness and unemployment, while 7 out of 10 labor-abundant countries indicate a negative effect of trade openness on unemployment. Hence, the majority of selected labor-abundant and capital-abundant countries are validating Heckscher-Ohlin theory of international trade. The results show that the asymmetric intensity of trade-induced unemployment varies with countries at both bottom and upper quantiles of the distribution of data that require individual attention in postulating the policies related to trade and unemployment in OIC countries.

Two-Stage Anaerobic Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using HUASB with PUF and PVC Carrier

Banu, J. Rajesh,Kaliappan, S.,Yeom, Ick-Tae Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.3

In the present study, an attempt has been made to treat dairy wastewater entirely via anaerobic treatment over a period of 215 days, using two-stage Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) reactors, which offer the advantages associated both with fixed film and upflow sludge blanket treatments. A HUASB with polyurethane foam cubes was used for stage I, and a HUASB utilizing PVC-cut rings was used for stage II. The output from stage I was used as the input for stage II. The two-stage reactor was operated at an organic loading rate that varied from 10.7 to 21.4kg $COD\;m^3/d$ for a period of 215 days, including the start-up period. The ideal organic loading rate for the two-stage reactor was 19.2kg $COD/m^3/d$. A further 21.4 kg $COD\;m^3/d$ increase in the organic loading rate resulted in the souring of the reactor function in stage I, which consequently reduced the overall reactor performance. Combined COD removal during the stable operation period (10.7 to 19.2kg $COD\;m^3/d$) occurred in a range between 97 and 99%. The methane content in the biogas varied from 65 to 70% in stage I, and from 63 to 66% in stage II. The two-stage anaerobic treatment using HUASB with PUF and PVC described in this work is expected to constitute a better alternative for the complete treatment of dairy wastewater than high-rate anaerobic, anaerobic/aerobic, and two-phase anaerobic treatment methods.

Upper bounds of second Hankel determinant for universally prestarlike functions

Om Ahuja,Murugesan Kasthuri,GANGADHARAN. MURUGUSUNDARAMOORTHY,Kaliappan Vijaya 대한수학회 2018 대한수학회지 Vol.55 No.5

In \cite{Rusche1,Rusche2} the researchers introduced universally convex, universally starlike and universally prestarlike functions in the slit domain $\mathbb{C}\backslash \lbrack 1,\infty )$. These papers extended the corresponding notions from the unit disc to other discs and half-planes containing the origin. In this paper, we introduce universally prestarlike generalized functions of order $\alpha $ with $\alpha \leq 1$ and we obtain upper bounds of the second Hankel determinant $|a_{2}a_{4}-a_{3}^{2}|$ for such functions.

Effect of Cation Binding Agents on Sludge Solubilization Potential of Bacteria

S. Gopi Kumar,J. Merrylin,S. Kaliappan,S. Adish Kumar,염익태,J. Rajesh Banu 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2

The aim of the present study is to increase sludge solubilization potential of bacteria by the addition of cation binding agents. During the study, three strains of bacteria B1, B2 and B3 were isolated from waste activated sludge acclimatized to a thermophilic condition (55°C). Using these strains the mixed liquor suspended solids degradation was 67, 59, and 33% and the chemical oxygen demand solubilization enhancement was 71, 62, and 36%compared with the control. Cation binding agents such as citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetate and sodium tripolyphosphate were added to enhance the sludge solubilization further. Among these, citric acid along with B1 was more effective in solubilization with the mixed liquor suspended solids degradation of 110% and the chemical oxygen demand solubilization enhancement of 115%. 16s rRNA technique was used to identify the bacterial species B1 and it was found to be Bacillus licheniformis. It was also observed that mixed liquor suspended solids reduced rapidly when more soluble chemical oxygen demand was released, thereby increasing sludge solubilization.