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Kalal, Hossein Sid,Khanchi, Ali Reza,Nejatlabbaf, Mojtaba,Almasian, Mohammad Reza,Saberyan, Kamal,Taghiof, Mohammad Techno-Press 2017 Advances in environmental research Vol.6 No.4
An Amberlite XAD-4 resin impregnated with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid was prepared and its adsorption-desorption behaviors with Sr(II) ions under various conditions was examined. The resin was characterized by fourier transform infrared and thermal analysis techniques. The effects contact time, temperature, pH, interfering ions and eluants were studied. Results showed that adsorption of Sr (II) well fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data of Sr (II) on the impregnated resin were analyzed by Jossens, Weber-van Vliet, Redlich-Peterson and Fritz-Schlunder models to find out desirable equilibrium condition. Among them, the Fritz-Schlunder model best fitted to the experimental data. The maximum sorption capacity of impregnated resin amounted to 0.45 mg/ g at pH 8.0 and $20^{\circ}C$.
Current status of the SBS PCM approach to self-navigation of lasers on injected IFE pellets
Kalal, Milan,Martinkova, Michaela,Slezak, Ondrej,Kong, Hong Jin,Yoon, Jin Woo,Shin, Jae Sung,Koresheva, Elena Rostislavovna,Startsev, Sergei Aleksandrovich Institute of Physics 2010 Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol.244 No.3
<P>Current status of SBS PCM based IFE approach proposed recently as an alternative to the IFE classical approach is presented. This technology is of particular importance to the direct drive scheme taking care of automatic self-navigation of every individual laser beam on the injected pellets with no need for any final optics adjustment. Conceptual design of one typical laser driver is shown and its features discussed. In comparison with the earlier design an upgraded scheme was developed with the low energy illumination laser beam (glint) entering the reactor chamber through the same entrance window as used by the corresponding high energy irradiation laser beam. Results of experimental verification of this improved design are reported. In these experiments for the fist time a complete setup including the pellet (realized by the static steel ball) was employed. The pellet survival conditions in the period between its low energy illumination and subsequent high energy irradiation were studied and the upper limits on the allowed energies absorbed were found for both DD and DT fuels.</P>
Sangeeta Kalal,Pinki Bala Punjabi,Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan,Noopur Ameta,Rakshit Ameta,Sudhish Kumar 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.12
The heterogeneous photo-Fenton like process is a green chemical pathway. It has an edge over conven-tional Fenton and photo-Fenton processes as it does not require the removal of ferrous/ferric ions in the form of sludge. We prepeared copper pyrovanadate or Volborthite (Cu3V2(OH)2O7·2H2O) composite photocatalyst by wet chemicalmethod. The photocatalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD, IR, TGA/DSC, EDX and BET. Experiments demon-strated that catalyst could effectively catalyze degradation of neutral red and azure-B in presence of H2O2 in visiblelight. Moreover, the photo-Fenton-like catalytic activity of Cu3V2(OH)2O7·2H2O was much higher than CuO and V2O5,when used alone as photocatalyst. The effect of variation of different parameters, i.e., pH, amount of photocatalyst,concentration of dye, amount of H2O2 and light intensity was also investigated. The degradation was well fitted underpseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant of 2.081×10−4sec−1and 3.876×10−4sec−1for neutral red and azure-B,respectively. Quality parameters of dye solutions before and after photo-Fenton degradation were also determined. Atentative mechanism involving•OH radical as an oxidant has been proposed. The high catalytic activity may be dueto the Cu3V2(OH)2O7·2H2O shell, which not only increased the surface hydroxyl groups, but also enhanced the interfacialelectron transfer. The catalyst has been found to possess good recyclability.
Milan Kalal,이용주,Michaela Martinkova 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.21
Interactions of high-intensity femtosecond lasers with deuterium clusters leading to Coulomb explosions and subsequent production of fusion neutrons have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In order to maximize the neutron yield, finding the dependence of clusters size and their spatial distribution on the experimental conditions has become very important. In this paper, we analyze the possibility of measuring the spatial distributions of deuterium clusters experimentally by using complex interferometry diagnostics. For this purpose, close-to-reality computer-generated interferograms were produced, which included a small phase-shift disturbance modeling the clusters. Subsequent analysis of these interferograms provided results that identified this diagnostics as potentially suitable for such measurements.
Milan Kalal,Ondrej Slezak,Michaela Martinkova,공홍진,Jin Woo Yoon 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1
The very first results obtained in experiments especially designed for verification of the stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugating mirror-based inertial fusion energy (IFE) approach as an alternative to the standard direct drive IFE scheme are reported. Inclusion of a higher harmonic conversion crystal directly into the laser beam trajectory, in combination with a dispersive wedge,confirmed the possibility of fully automatic self-navigation of laser drivers on the surface of injected pellets. Based on the expected very large numbers of individual laser drivers, a method for the realization of the final irradiation pulse temporal profile required by the IFE scheme was proposed in the form of a combination of suitably tailored (in energies and delays) neighboring beams. The conceptual design of one laser driver channel for an energy of pellet irradiation of ~1 kJ was proposed and numerically evaluated, providing guidance for the most important issues to be taken into consideration in practical designs.
Milan Kalal,Ondrej Slezak,Michaela Martinkova,Yong Joo Rhee 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.1
The theoretical analysis of a Nomarski interferometer with a Fresnel biprism selected as the wavefront division beam splitting optical element was performed. In order to obtain interferograms with proper imaging and required magnification of the region under observation, together with the most suitable number of fringes, while taking into account experimental constraints, corresponding formulae for determining parameters of individual optical elements used for the interferometer setup, as well as the placement of all the components employed (lens, Fresnel biprism, and CCD detector), were derived (including the necessary minimum radius of the diagnostic beam). Presented analysis should considerably simplify the assembly of such interferometers in practice. To maximize its resolution for a given set of parameters, a special compact design of this interferometer was proposed and checked in practice to verify its applicability for studies of Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters.
Ondrej Slezak,Milan Kalal,공홍진 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.21
A mathematical description of an experimentally-verified scheme leading to a phase-locked stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is presented. It is shown that this phase-locking of the SBS process may have its origin in a transient acoustic standing wave initiated by an arising optical interference field, eventually leading to a stationary density modulation of the medium. An appropriate solution was obtained by solving the acoustic wave-equation with electrostriction as a driving force. As a consequence of the damping term being included in this equation, the acoustic standing wave becomes gradually attenuated and, contrary to the undamped solution published earlier, thus constitutes a truly transient phenomenon.