汉语的外來洞与韩汉洞汇小考

韓容洙,范開泰 中韓人文科學硏究會 2007 한중인문학연구 Vol.22 No.-

중국어에는 다양한 지역에서 유입된 외래어가 이제는 중국어와 함께 많이 사용되어지고 있다. 고래로 부터 유입된 외래어는 주변국 뿐 아니라 먼 서양의 언어까지 다양하게 포함하고 있어 이것은 지금까지 이루어지고 있는 문화교류의 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 다민족 국가인 중국과 단일민족의 한국은 서로 다른 교류를 통해 그들의 문화를 이루어 왔다. 이런 문화를 유지 발전시키고 있는 요인 가운데 하나가 어휘인데, 양 국가 간의 어휘를 통해 지금 사용하고 있는 어휘가 과연 어디에서 온 것인지를 살펴본다. 동양문화가 이루어 온 융합성 즉 동양문화는 같은 문화권을 형성하고 있으면서 다원적인 관계를 통해 융합하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 문화의 중요매체인 언어는 물질문화의 성과를 보여주었고 제도와 사상문화를 이루게 하였다. 언어는 문화의 매개물인 메신저 역할을 톡톡히 한다. 때문에 특수한 ‘코드능력’을 가지고 있다. 이런 코드 능력은 사물의 지칭과 사물의 진술을 나타나게 하였고 사람의 감정태도의 표현을 나타나게 하였다. 중국어에는 문화교류의 각도에서 볼 수 있는 많은 외래어가 생겨났다. 그중에는 외부와의 교류가 빈번해지면서 다양한 외래어가 나타났는데 이중에는 한국어 어휘의 사용은 특이할 만 하다. 특히 20세기에 들어서 많은 한국인들의 이동으로 중국에서도 한국어 외래어를 사용하고 있다. 그것은 그 음을 그대로 전달하고 있는 것에서부터 한자음을 전달하는 것 등의 다양한 어휘가 있다. 반대로 한국에서 사용하고 있는 중국어는 예로부터 교류로 인해 그 영향이 많은 바 한국어휘의 대다수인 한자어를 통해 그 언어성분으로 한국어와 비교해 본다. 중국어에서의 한국어와 한국어에서의 중국어의 연구는 문화언어교류의 언어비교연구를 넘어서 비교언어학의 방법을 통해 연구해야 할 것이다. 지금까지 한중양국의 학자들은 이 문제에 대해 연구가 부족했기에 앞으로 이것을 기점으로 다양한 관점에서의 분석과 토론이 이루어지리라 여긴다. Korea and China, Both countries differ from the kind of their national races, one has composed of one racial group, another has composed of many multiracial groups. Their cultures have been well developed in their own ways. When being considered in one of the driving forces of their growth, it would be found in the fact that they have been using their own languages with many vocabularies. This paper focuses on the commonness and diversity in their vocabularies in order better to understand their cultures. The eastern cultures in both Korea and China have drawn the same cultual boundary that made their cultures constituted the harmonious union for a long time. The cultural interchange between two nations was very activated so that it could be deeply related and communicated in various directions. The Language as an expression of human being is one of the medium of communication with different cultures. Language also has shown the consequence of material civilization and pushed forward the advance in cultures. Language playes an important role in a medium to have the communication among the diversities. It has the great capability to be appeared in accordance among people's different minds and opinions. It is called 'Code ability' that makes it possible to have the generalization driven from the particularity. The Code ability accompanied with language could designate things, objectify the phenomenon around the world, and express in human's feeling and mind. Chinese language happened the form of words from foreign languages through the process in cultural exchange. The use of Korean in modern china has peculiar characteristics in the vocabularies due to an inflow of Korean people in the 20th century. There are the variety from the pronunciation to the expression in Chinese characters. Korean language in the other side had been influenced by Chinese because of the exchange in several sides during the long term of the relationship. This paper aims at the comparison between two languages in an approach from the angle of vision with the analysis of components in vocabulary. The study on the vocabulary in Korean and Chinese should be done by the method of comparative philology. So far, the linguists in both countries has neglected the problem on this. Therefore, the study has to make the progress in the various ways of the dispute and analysis with comparative philology.

Visual Servoing and Compliant Motion Control of a Continuum Robot

Kai-Tai Song,Han-Chih Tsai 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

This paper presents a visual servoing and compliant motion control design of a continuum robot. Two endoscopic cameras were installed at the tip of the continuum robot to build a stereo camera system. The depth information is obtained by using semi-global block-matching (SGBM) algorithm. The visual servoing system proposed in this work includes the feature point extraction by using speeded-up robust features (SURF), followed by feature-point matching using nearest neighbor distance ratio (NNDR), and tracking of feature points by using mean shift algorithm. Through the pressure sensor installed around the circumference of the continuum robot, a compliant motion control design is proposed to make the robot to move in a constrained environment while executing the visual servoing task. Practical experiments show that the proposed method can effectively track a target and generate the adaptive motion when the robot encounters an obstacle during visual servoing.

Experimental Designs for Computer Experiments and for Industrial Experiments with Model Unknown

Kai-Tai Fang 한국통계학회 2002 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.31 No.3

Robust Facial Emotion Recognition Using a Temporal-Reinforced Approach

Kai-Tai Song,Chao-Yu Lin 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

In this paper, a temporal-reinforced approach to enhancing emotion recognition from facial images is presented. Shape and texture models of facial images are computed by using active appearance model (AAM), from which facial feature points and geometrical feature values are extracted. The extracted features are used by relevance vector machine (RVM) to recognize emotional states. We propose a temporal analysis approach to recognizing likelihood of emotional categories, such that more subtle emotion, such as degree and ratio of basic emotional states can be obtained. Furthermore, a method is developed to map the recognition result to the arousal-valence plane (A-V Plane). Experimental results verify that the performance of emotion recognition is enhanced by the proposed method.

Object Grasping of a Mobile Robot Using Image Features and Virtual Points

Kai-Tai Song,Hong-Tze Chen 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper presents a novel method of autonomous grasping design for a mobile manipulator, such that the robot can find and grasp a target object in a complex environment. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is adopted to search and recognize features of the object to be grasped. Histogram-enhanced feature matching (HEFM) is developed to obtain depth estimate and reject unreliable feature points in order to improve the feature matching accuracy. The concept of virtual points is proposed to facilitate image-based visual servo controller design. Experimental results of autonomous object grasping validate the proposed method.

Sensorless Assistive Torque Design for a Lower Extremity Exoskeleton

Kai-Tai Song,Yun-Chih Liao,You-Lin Jian 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

For improving mobility of the elderly, it is desirable to use a lower limb exoskeleton to enhance strength and endurance for their daily life activities. This paper presents a novel design of assist torque generation and compliant motion of a knee joint for an exoskeleton robot. Based on a sensorless approach, a method is suggested to estimate the external torque and generate the assistance torque of the attached DC motor. The developed lower limb exoskeleton joint provides assistive torque in order to comply with motion of the user. In comparison with existing lower limb exoskeletons, the proposed exoskeleton robot can execute various training programs by adjusting the assisting torque with less sensors and reduced hardware complexity. Experimental results on a knee exoskeleton validate the proposed method. Desirable assistive torque can be generated to be compliant with a swing motion.

Experimental Designs for Computer Experiments and for Industrial Experiments with Model Unknown

Fang, Kai-Tai The Korean Statistical Society 2002 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.31 No.3

Most statistical designs, such as orthogonal designs and optimal designs, are based on a specific statistical model. It is very often that the experimenter does not completely know the underlying model between the response and the factors. In computer experiments, the underlying model is known, but too complicated. In this case we can treat the model as a black box, or model to be unknown. Both cases need a space filling design. The uniform design is one of space filling designs and seeks experimental points to be uniformly scattered on the domain. The uniform design can be used for computer experiments and also for industrial experiments when the underlying model is unknown. In this paper we shall introduce the theory and method of the uniform design and related data analysis and modelling methods. Applications of the uniform design to industry and other areas are discussed.

龍文化與陰陽五行學說

孫開泰(Sun Kai-Tai) 동양사회사상학회 2006 사회사상과 문화 Vol.13 No.-

  용龍 문화와 음양오행설陰陽五行說의 기원은 농업 생산 방식과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 원시 시대의 토템 사상은 중국 문화와 사상 형성의 주요한 원류의 하나이다. 토템 사상의 하나인 용에 대한 숭배는 음양오행설의 발달에 커다란 영향을 주었다. 음양오행설은 천문?역법과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 음양ㆍ오행 관념의 발생은 고대 중국인들이 대자연을 관찰한 결과이며, 별자리를 관찰하고 역법을 제정한 것과 직접적인 관계가 있다. 용은 변화무쌍한 신비스런 동물이며, 중국인들은 용의 후예라는 인식을 갖고 있다. 용 자체는 음양의 양방면을 모두 가지고 있으면서, 조화를 이루는 작용을 한다. 음양오행설은 중국 고대 우주관의 철학적 사상이며, 용 문화는 음양오행설의 철학 사상을 반영하고 있다.   The origin of dragon Culture and the theory of yin-yang and five elements is the ancient agricultural production system. Totemism of primitive society is an important origin of Chinese traditional culture and thoughts. Dragon culture is a kind of ancient totemism. It contributed to the development of the theory of yin-yang and five elements. The theory of yin-yang and five elements is closely related to astronology and lunar calendar. The occurrence of the idea of yin-yang and five elements is the results of observation of nature. Dragon is a mysterious animal. Chinese think that they are descendents of dragon. Dragon has both character of yin-yang. The theory of yin-yang and five elements is a philosophical thoughts which represents Chinese ancient view of universe. Dragon culture represents the philosophical thoughts of the theory of yin-yang and five elements.

COMPUTERIZED LIVER-SPLEEN SCINTIGRAPHY REPORTING SYSTEM

( Kai Yuan Tzen,Miau Ju Huang,Tai Hen Yeh ) 대한핵의학회 1984 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.18 No.1

A Combined Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening, Docking Study and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation Approach to Identify Inhibitors with Novel Scaffolds for Myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl-1)

Guang-kai Bao,Lu Zhou,Tai-jin Wang,Lu-fen He,Tao Liu 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.7

Chemical feature based quantitative pharmacophore models were generated using the HypoGen module implemented in DS2.5. The best hypothesis, Hypo1, which was characterized by the highest correlation coefficient (0.96), the highest cost difference (61.60) and the lowest RMSD (0.74), consisted of one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one hydrophobic and one ring aromatic. The reliability of Hypo1 was validated on the basis of cost analysis, test set, Fischer’s randomization method and GH test method. The validated Hypo1 was used as a 3D search query to identify novel inhibitors. The screened molecules were further refined by employing ADMET, docking studies and visual inspection. Three compounds with novel scaffolds were selected as the most promising candidates for the designing of Mcl-1 antagonists. Finally, a 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation was carried out on the complex of receptor and the retrieved ligand to demonstrate that the binding mode was stable during the MD simulation.