汉语的外來洞与韩汉洞汇小考

韓容洙,范開泰 中韓人文科學硏究會 2007 한중인문학연구 Vol.22 No.-

중국어에는 다양한 지역에서 유입된 외래어가 이제는 중국어와 함께 많이 사용되어지고 있다. 고래로 부터 유입된 외래어는 주변국 뿐 아니라 먼 서양의 언어까지 다양하게 포함하고 있어 이것은 지금까지 이루어지고 있는 문화교류의 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 다민족 국가인 중국과 단일민족의 한국은 서로 다른 교류를 통해 그들의 문화를 이루어 왔다. 이런 문화를 유지 발전시키고 있는 요인 가운데 하나가 어휘인데, 양 국가 간의 어휘를 통해 지금 사용하고 있는 어휘가 과연 어디에서 온 것인지를 살펴본다. 동양문화가 이루어 온 융합성 즉 동양문화는 같은 문화권을 형성하고 있으면서 다원적인 관계를 통해 융합하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 문화의 중요매체인 언어는 물질문화의 성과를 보여주었고 제도와 사상문화를 이루게 하였다. 언어는 문화의 매개물인 메신저 역할을 톡톡히 한다. 때문에 특수한 ‘코드능력’을 가지고 있다. 이런 코드 능력은 사물의 지칭과 사물의 진술을 나타나게 하였고 사람의 감정태도의 표현을 나타나게 하였다. 중국어에는 문화교류의 각도에서 볼 수 있는 많은 외래어가 생겨났다. 그중에는 외부와의 교류가 빈번해지면서 다양한 외래어가 나타났는데 이중에는 한국어 어휘의 사용은 특이할 만 하다. 특히 20세기에 들어서 많은 한국인들의 이동으로 중국에서도 한국어 외래어를 사용하고 있다. 그것은 그 음을 그대로 전달하고 있는 것에서부터 한자음을 전달하는 것 등의 다양한 어휘가 있다. 반대로 한국에서 사용하고 있는 중국어는 예로부터 교류로 인해 그 영향이 많은 바 한국어휘의 대다수인 한자어를 통해 그 언어성분으로 한국어와 비교해 본다. 중국어에서의 한국어와 한국어에서의 중국어의 연구는 문화언어교류의 언어비교연구를 넘어서 비교언어학의 방법을 통해 연구해야 할 것이다. 지금까지 한중양국의 학자들은 이 문제에 대해 연구가 부족했기에 앞으로 이것을 기점으로 다양한 관점에서의 분석과 토론이 이루어지리라 여긴다. Korea and China, Both countries differ from the kind of their national races, one has composed of one racial group, another has composed of many multiracial groups. Their cultures have been well developed in their own ways. When being considered in one of the driving forces of their growth, it would be found in the fact that they have been using their own languages with many vocabularies. This paper focuses on the commonness and diversity in their vocabularies in order better to understand their cultures. The eastern cultures in both Korea and China have drawn the same cultual boundary that made their cultures constituted the harmonious union for a long time. The cultural interchange between two nations was very activated so that it could be deeply related and communicated in various directions. The Language as an expression of human being is one of the medium of communication with different cultures. Language also has shown the consequence of material civilization and pushed forward the advance in cultures. Language playes an important role in a medium to have the communication among the diversities. It has the great capability to be appeared in accordance among people's different minds and opinions. It is called 'Code ability' that makes it possible to have the generalization driven from the particularity. The Code ability accompanied with language could designate things, objectify the phenomenon around the world, and express in human's feeling and mind. Chinese language happened the form of words from foreign languages through the process in cultural exchange. The use of Korean in modern china has peculiar characteristics in the vocabularies due to an inflow of Korean people in the 20th century. There are the variety from the pronunciation to the expression in Chinese characters. Korean language in the other side had been influenced by Chinese because of the exchange in several sides during the long term of the relationship. This paper aims at the comparison between two languages in an approach from the angle of vision with the analysis of components in vocabulary. The study on the vocabulary in Korean and Chinese should be done by the method of comparative philology. So far, the linguists in both countries has neglected the problem on this. Therefore, the study has to make the progress in the various ways of the dispute and analysis with comparative philology.

An Evaluation of Multiple-input Dual-output Run-to-Run Control Scheme for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Fan, Shu-Kai-S.,Lin, Yen Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2005 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.4 No.1

This paper provides an evaluation of an optimization-based, multiple-input double-output (MIDO) run-to-run (R2R) control scheme for general semiconductor manufacturing processes. The controller in this research, termed adaptive dual response optimizing controller (ADROC), can serve as a process optimizer as well as a recipe regulator between consecutive runs of wafer fabrication. In evaluation, it is assumed that the equipment model could be appropriately described by a pair of second-order polynomial functions in terms of a set of controllable variables. Of practical relevance is to consider a drifting effect in the equipment model since in common semiconductor practice the process tends to drift due to machine aging and tool wearing. We select a typical application of R2R control to chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) in semiconductor manufacturing in this evaluation, and there are five different CMP process scenarios demonstrated, including mean shift, variance increase, and IMA disturbances. For the controller, ADROC, an on-line estimation technique is implemented in a self-tuning (ST) control manner for the adaptation purpose. Subsequently, an ad hoc global optimization algorithm based on the dual response approach, arising from the response surface methodology (RSM) literature, is used to seek the optimum recipe within the acceptability region for the execution of next run. The main components of ADROC are described and its control performance is assessed. It reveals from the evaluation that ADROC can provide excellent control actions for the MIDO R2R situations even though the process exhibits complicated, nonlinear interaction effects between control variables, and the drifting disturbances.

Optimization of Triple Response Systems by Using the Dual Response Approach and the Hooke-Jeeves Search Method

Fan, Shu-Kai S.,Huang, Chia-Fen,Chang, Ko-Wei,Chuang, Yu-Chiang Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2010 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents an extended computing procedure for the global optimization of the triple response system (TRS) where the response functions are nonconvex (nonconcave) quadratics and the input factors satisfy a radial region of interest. The TRS arising from response surface modeling can be approximated using a nonlinear mathematical program involving one primary (objective) function and two secondary (constraints) functions. An optimization algorithm named triple response surface algorithm (TRSALG) is proposed to determine the global optimum for the nondegenerate TRS. In TRSALG, the Lagrange multipliers of target (secondary) functions are computed by using the Hooke-Jeeves search method, and the Lagrange multiplier of the radial constraint is located by using the trust region (TR) method at the same time. To ensure global optimality that can be attained by TRSALG, included is the means for detecting the degenerate case. In the field of numerical optimization, as the family of TR approach always exhibits excellent mathematical properties during optimization steps, thus the proposed algorithm can guarantee the global optimal solution where the optimality conditions are satisfied for the nondegenerate TRS. The computing procedure is illustrated in terms of examples found in the quality literature where the comparison results with a gradient-based method are used to calibrate TRSALG.

Recursive Least Squares Run-to-Run Control with Time-Varying Metrology Delays

Fan, Shu-Kai,Chang, Yuan-Jung Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2010 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.9 No.3

This article investigates how to adaptively predict the time-varying metrology delay that could realistically occur in the semiconductor manufacturing practice. Metrology delays pose a great challenge for the existing run-to-run (R2R) controllers, driving the process output significantly away from target if not adequately predicted. First, the expected asymptotic double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) control output, by using the EWMA and recursive least squares (RLS) prediction methods, is derived. It has been found that the relationships between the expected control output and target in both estimation methods are parallel, and six cases are addressed. Within the context of time-varying metrology delay, this paper presents a modified recursive least squares-linear trend (RLS-LT) controller, in combination with runs test. Simulated single input-single output (SISO) R2R processes subject to various time-varying metrology delay scenarios are used as a testbed to evaluate the proposed algorithms. The simulation results indicate that the modified RLS-LT controller can yield the process output more accurately on target with smaller mean squared error (MSE) than the original RLSLT controller that only deals with constant metrology delays.

강재 슬릿댐퍼의 이력거동에 대한 유한요소해석모델

범게정(Fan, Kai-Cheng),황보경(Hwang, Bo-Kyung),김태수(Kim, Tae-Soo) 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.43 No.1

An Evaluation of Multiple-input Dual-output Run-to-Run Control Scheme for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Shu-Kai S. Fan,Yen Lin 대한산업공학회 2005 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.4 No.1

Recursive Least Squares Run-to-Run Control with Time-Varying Metrology Delays

Shu-Kai Fan,Yuan-Jung Chang 대한산업공학회 2010 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.9 No.3

This article investigates how to adaptively predict the time-varying metrology delay that could realistically occur in the semiconductor manufacturing practice. Metrology delays pose a great challenge for the existing run-to-run (R2R) controllers, driving the process output significantly away from target if not adequately predicted. First, the expected asymptotic double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) control output, by using the EWMA and recursive least squares (RLS) prediction methods, is derived. It has been found that the relationships between the expected control output and target in both estimation methods are parallel, and six cases are addressed. Within the context of time-varying metrology delay, this paper presents a modified recursive least squares-linear trend (RLS-LT) controller, in combination with runs test. Simulated single input-single output (SISO) R2R processes subject to various time-varying metrology delay scenarios are used as a test-bed to evaluate the proposed algorithms. The simulation results indicate that the modified RLS-LT controller can yield the process output more accurately on target with smaller mean squared error (MSE) than the original RLSLT controller that only deals with constant metrology delays.

Optimization of Triple Response Systems by Using the Dual Response Approach and the Hooke-Jeeves Search Method

Shu-Kai S. Fan,Chia-Fen Huang,Ko-Wei Chang,Yu-Chiang Chuang 대한산업공학회 2010 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents an extended computing procedure for the global optimization of the triple response system (TRS) where the response functions are nonconvex (nonconcave) quadratics and the input factors satisfy a radial region of interest. The TRS arising from response surface modeling can be approximated using a nonlinear mathematical program involving one primary (objective) function and two secondary (constraints) functions. An optimization algorithm named triple response surface algorithm (TRSALG) is proposed to determine the global optimum for the nondegenerate TRS. In TRSALG, the Lagrange multipliers of target (secondary) functions are computed by using the Hooke-Jeeves search method, and the Lagrange multiplier of the radial constraint is located by using the trust region (TR) method at the same time. To ensure global optimality that can be attained by TRSALG, included is the means for detecting the degenerate case. In the field of numerical optimization, as the family of TR approach always exhibits excellent mathematical properties during optimization steps, thus the proposed algorithm can guarantee the global optimal solution where the optimality conditions are satisfied for the nondegenerate TRS. The computing procedure is illustrated in terms of examples found in the quality literature where the comparison results with a gradient-based method are used to calibrate TRSALG.

Ecological No-tillage Technology of Sloping Tea Garden in China

Dong-Mei Fan,Kai Fan,Peng Lu,Xiao-Chang Wang 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

The majority of sloping tea gardens in China are now short of effective management because of the limitation of labor force, therefore tea quality is hard to guarantee and the tea industry might be frustrated. Thus a new ecological no-tillage technique (abbreviation for ENT) was put forward, the application of this technique was developed on the basis of some reconstructions in current sloping tea gardens including two key steps: 1) remolding present sloping tea gardens into semi-trapezoidal one by a special ditch; 2) preserving pruning brunches and organic fertilizers into those ditches to form an organic cover layer on soil. This no-tillage technique could significantly reduce soil erosion as well as promote the formation of organic matters on soil surface in 3-5 years. Comparing with the conventional tillage measures, ENT could save about 40% fertilization and 50% labor-cost. Combine with assistant managements, the ecological no-tillage technology could not only effectively recover ecosystem, but also depress plant diseases and insect pests. Improvement on tea production and tea quality especially tea aroma are also observed. It is convincible that ENT has considerable advantages in cost-savings and production efficiency improvement in sloping tea gardens, which makes it one of the reference management choices for future sustainable development.

Geft is dispensable for the development of the second heart field

( Xiong Wei Fan ),( Ning Hou ),( Kai Ji Fan ),( Jia Jia Yuan ),( Xiao Yang Mo ),( Yun Deng ),( Yong Qi Wan ),( Yan Teng ),( Xiao Yang ),( Xius Han Wu ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2012 BMB Reports Vol.45 No.3

Geft is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which can specifically activate Rho family of small GTPase by catalyzing the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Geft is highly expressed in the excitable tissue as heart and skeletal muscle and plays important roles in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and cell fate decision. However, the in vivo role of Geft remains unknown. Here, we generated a Geft conditional knockout mouse by flanking exons 5-17 of Geft with loxP sites. Cre-mediated deletion of the Geft gene in heart using Mef2c-Cre transgenic mice resulted in a dramatic decrease of Geft expression. Geft knockout mice develop normally and exhibit no discernable phenotype, suggesting Geft is dispensable for the development of the second heart field in mouse. The Geft conditional knockout mouse will be a valuable genetic tool for uncovering the in vivo roles of Geft during development and in adult homeostasis. (BMB reports 2012; 45(3): 153-158)