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Oxidation states of Cu in the CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst in the methanol steam reforming process
Ka-lok Chiu,Fung-luen Kwong,Dickon H.L. Ng 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.4
The biomorphic CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 was used as a catalyst in methanol steam reforming (SRMe), and the reaction mechanism was studied. It was found that the oxidation states of Cu in the biomorphic sample would vary with the reaction temperature and they also affected the rate of the reaction. Below 200 ℃,SRMe would not occur, and the X-ray diffractometry study indicated that the CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 sample remained unchanged. Above 200 ℃, the SRMe occurred when CuO started to be reduced to Cu. As the reaction temperature increased, Cu reacted with CO2 and led to the formation of Cu2O during the reversed water gas shift reaction. Above 250 ℃, the conversion of MeOH to CO2 and H2 reached to a saturation of 95% even if the amount of metallic Cu was reduced to half of its original portion. This confirmed that both Cu and Cu2O were active components for promoting SRMe.
Ka Shing Cheung,Lok Ka Lam,Rex Wan Hin Hui,Xianhua Mao,Ruiqi R Zhang,Kwok Hung Chan,Ivan FN Hung,Wai Kay Seto,Man-Fung Yuen 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3
Background/Aims: Studies of hepatic steatosis (HS) effect on COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity are lacking. We aimed to compare immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac among moderate/severe HS and control subjects. Methods: Two hundred ninety-five subjects who received BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines from five vaccination centers were categorized into moderate/severe HS (controlled attenuation parameter ≥268 dB/m on transient elastography) (n=74) or control (n=221) groups. Primary outcomes were seroconversion rates of neutralising antibody by live virus Microneutralization (vMN) assay (titer ≥10) at day21 (BNT162b2) or day28 (CoronaVac) and day56 (both). Secondary outcome was highest-tier titer response (top 25% of vMN titer; cutoff: 160 [BNT162b2] and 20 [CoronaVac]) at day 56. Results: For BNT162b2 (n=228, 77.3%), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (day21: 71.7% vs. 76.6%; day56: 100% vs. 100%) or vMN geometric mean titer (GMT) (day21: 13.2 vs. 13.3; day56: 91.9 vs. 101.4) among moderate/severe HS and control groups respectively. However, lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients had highest-tier response (day56: 5.0% vs. 15.5%; P=0.037). For CoronaVac (n=67, 22.7%), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (day21: 7.1% vs. 15.1%; day56: 64.3% vs. 83.0%) or vMN GMT (5.3 vs. 5.8,) at day28. However, moderate/severe HS patients had lower vMN GMT (9.1 vs. 14.8, P=0.021) at day 56 with lower proportion having highesttier response (21.4% vs. 52.8%, P=0.036). Conclusions: While there was no difference in seroconversion rate between moderate/severe HS and control groups after two doses of vaccine, a lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients achieved highest-tier response for either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac.
( Kenneth Ka-lok Chan ) 한국EU학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.15 No.2
Informed by the emergent theoretical interest in global cities as norm designers and entrepreneurs, this paper argues that the EU may seek to enhance its global profile more effectively through partnership with like-minded inhabitants in Asian global cities such as Hong Kong. The analysis shows that as a non-sovereign global actor, Hong Kong’s strategic geopolitical location, its historical distinctiveness and its unique status under ‘One Country, Two Systems’ constitute invaluable assets not only to the people of Hong Kong but also to both the EU and China. This paper shows how the Hong Kong factor could become more visible in the EU’s strategy towards China and where a partnership for global norm diffusion may be forged between Hong Kong and the EU in the face of an increasingly assertive China.
Conversion of egg shell membrane to inorganic porous CexZr1-xO2 fibrous network
Jia Li,Ka Lok Chiu,Fung Luen Kwong,Dickon H.L. Ng,Sammy L.I. Chan 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6
The binary system CeO2–ZrO2 is thermally stable and has superior reduction–oxidation properties. It has been commonly used in the three-way catalytic converters for automobiles. In this work, an inorganic biomorphic porous CexZr1-xO2 fibrous network was successfully synthesized by using the egg shell membrane (ESM) as templates, and its morphology was a perfect replica of the original ESM. The synthesis involved a simple infiltration and calcination process. A fresh ESM was peeled from a chicken egg shell. It was soaked in a Ce(NO3)3 and Zr(NO3)4 mixture before it was calcined at 700 ℃ in ambient environment. The fibers in the biomorphic network had diameter ranged from 1 to 4 ㎛, and they were composed of CexZr1-xO2 nanocrystallites having an average grain size of ~10 nm. The binary system CeO2–ZrO2 is thermally stable and has superior reduction–oxidation properties. It has been commonly used in the three-way catalytic converters for automobiles. In this work, an inorganic biomorphic porous CexZr1-xO2 fibrous network was successfully synthesized by using the egg shell membrane (ESM) as templates, and its morphology was a perfect replica of the original ESM. The synthesis involved a simple infiltration and calcination process. A fresh ESM was peeled from a chicken egg shell. It was soaked in a Ce(NO3)3 and Zr(NO3)4 mixture before it was calcined at 700 ℃ in ambient environment. The fibers in the biomorphic network had diameter ranged from 1 to 4 ㎛, and they were composed of CexZr1-xO2 nanocrystallites having an average grain size of ~10 nm.