Aspect and syntax of bare nouns

( Kyumin¸ Kim ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2022 언어와 언어학 Vol.- No.96

This paper examines the syntax of bare nouns in the aspectual domain with respect to event telicity by investigating the properties of bare nouns in Mandarin and Korean. These languages are considered as bare noun languages, but the syntax of bare nouns in the aspectual context has not been explained. The paper shows that unlike English in these languages a specified quantity meaning of a bare noun object does not play a major role in determining event telicity. It is further shown that bare nouns in these languages do not share the same aspectual structure despite their similar semantics. The paper proposes that the quantity meaning of a bare noun is grammatically represented in Korean as NumP, but not in Mandarin. The consequence of this paper supports the current view in which bare nouns are not structurally so bare. It also provides a novel account for the aspectual differences of bare nouns in these languages, which has not been previously discussed.

Integration of Faith and Learning

Kyumin Jang 한국기독교교육정보학회 2018 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.34

Virtually every Christian higher education institution (CHEI) uses the term “integration of faith and learning” (IFL) to describe a core aspect of its mission. The term, however, often remains elusive and constituents of a given institution have difficulty in grasping what is meant by IFL. Thus, what usually happens is that faculty members will try their own versions of IFL in their respective classrooms and often fall short of bringing about IFL in its fullness. To avoid such mishaps, IFL must first be clearly defined within a CHEI and its constituents should be well versed in the definition. This paper first briefly surveys the use of the term “integration of faith and learning” in recent decades to introduce the reader to the history of the term. Then, the paper proceeds to offer a working definition of IFL by gleaning insights from diverse sources. Lastly, the paper unpacks the working definition as means to suggest how IFL may be properly understood in the context of Christian higher education.

Event Modifying Adverbials and Scope

Kyumin Kim 한국중원언어학회 2019 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.50

This paper compares event modifying duration or frequency adverbials in Korean and Mandarin. Although those event modifying adverbials in the two languages share similar meaning, their forms are not identical. Those in Korean surface as nominal forms which can be either nominative or accusative case marked, while those in Mandarin appear as verbal classifiers preceded by numerals. Verbal classifiers have different forms and the presence of a different form of a verbal classifier depends on the even type that it modifies. This paper proposes that despite being in different forms duration or frequency adverbials in the two languages share a similar relation to the event that they modify: each of the different forms is associated with a different scopal relation to the event. This paper also briefly compares the type of adverbials in Korean and Mandarin to similar adverbials in meaning in other languages such as Russian or Finnish. It is shown that cross-linguistically there is no one-to-one relation between a form of event modifying adverbial and the role of the adverbial with respect to the event that it modifies.

Number in the Verbal and Nominal Domains

Kyumin Kim 한국중원언어학회 2021 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.58

In recent studies, number in the verbal domain has been proposed to show a similar semantic property to number in the nominal domain, e.g., singular or plural. This paper provides some support for this proposal by exploring number property in the nominal and verbal domains in Mandarin Chinese (henceforth, Mandarin). This paper shows that number between the two domains is in semantic parallel sharing similar interpretations such as number neutral interpretation. Moreover, the semantic parallel in Mandarin is not isolated in that it is similar to a typologically unrelated language such as Karitiana (Arikén) spoken in Brazil. This paper also examines whether the role of a pluralizer in Mandarin, i.e., a classifier, is similar to a pluralizer in Karitiana. Despite of having a similar semantic parallel, however, a classifier in Mandarin is shown to have a different role from a pluralizer in Karitiana, namely counting. This paper suggests that a role of an event pluralizer can be more specific than currently recognized, e.g., not merely adding a plural meaning but counting.

Classifiers in Event and Nominal Plurality in Mandarin

Kyumin Kim 서울대학교 언어교육원 2021 語學硏究 Vol.57 No.1

Event plurality indicates multiplicity of an event. One of the major issues pertaining to event plurality in the literature has been the extent to which it is parallel to nominal plurality. The current literature suggests that event and nominal plurality are in parallel in that a plural event denotes a mass meaning similar to a bare plural noun that denotes mass. However, a plural event in some languages such as Mandarin does not show a mass meaning, and a bare plural noun is lacking in the language. This paper addresses a question of how to characterize a parallel between event and nominal plurality in Mandarin. It provides a novel proposal in which the parallel in Mandarin can be characterized in terms of corresponding classifiers in the event and nominal domains. A major contribution of this paper is that it suggests that event plurality is not a unified phenomenon similar to nominal plurality.

Stakeholder Orientation and the Alignment of CEO and Shareholders Wealth

Kyumin Cho,Hyeong Joon Kim,Seongjae Mun,Seung Hun Han 한국재무학회 2020 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.11

We investigate whether the alignment of chief executive officer (CEO) and shareholders wealth influences decisions on engaging in stakeholder-oriented activities. CEOs maximizing their own utility are more likely to engage in such activities when they are not strongly aligned with shareholders wealth. Empirically, firms with CEOs whose wealth is more sensitive to the firm value are less likely to engage in external activities (communities, environments, and human rights). We find that this negative effect is mitigated after the conflict of interests between shareholders and stakeholders is reduced by the constituency statutes. Furthermore, after an exogenous reduction in the alignment of CEO and shareholders wealth, we find that firms that were prone to overinvestment before this exogenous reduction are more likely to engage stakeholder-oriented activities. Overall, our analysis suggests that strong alignment of CEO and shareholders wealth effectively prevents overinvestment in stakeholderoriented activities that might be motivated by agency problems.

Phase based account of idioms and its consequences

Kyumin Kim 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2015 언어연구 Vol.32 No.3

This paper argues that another VP-external head, high applicative head (ApplH) can also restrict the domain of idiomatic interpretation, but a VP-internal head, such as low applicative head cannot, by providing evidence from Korean and Japanese. Expanding on the proposed approach to idioms, this paper also shows how a phase-based account of idioms interacts with passivization. Given that passivization is not always possible with the direct object of idioms, this paper proposes that this is because a phase head may be a part of idiomatic expressions. The proposed analysis provides a unified account of the structural restrictions on idiomatic interpretation across languages. Theoretically, this paper lends novel empirical support to a cyclic domain of semantic interpretation, i.e., phase, as ApplH, like Voice, constitutes a phasal head.

A Preliminary Look at Event Telicity in Classifier Languages with Comparison to English

Kyumin Kim 한국중원언어학회 2020 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.54

An event denoted by the VP can be either telic having an endpoint or atelic without having an endpoint. In English, a telic event emerges when the quantity of an object of the verb is known, in contrast to an atelic event, which emerges when the quantity of an object of the verb is unknown, e.g., eat three apples vs. eat apples. This paper investigates whether telicity of an event in two classifier languages – Korean and Mandarin – shows a similar pattern to English. Unlike English, an object in these languages is quantified via a numeral classifier, which may predict that a telic event in the classifier languages is associated with a numeral classifier object. Contrary to the prediction, however, this paper reveals that in both classifier languages an event with a numeral classifier object shows no absolute telic interpretation being interpreted as either telic or atelic. Consequently, previous syntactic analysis proposed for the telicity in English cannot account for the facts regarding telicity in these classifier languages.

Strong acid-mediated extraction-mineralization process for CO₂ absorption and CaCO₃ production from cement kiln dust: Simultaneous treatment of CO₂ and alkaline wastewater

( Kyumin Jang ),( Dongwook Lee ),( Won Yong Choi ),( Yunsung Yoo ),( Jinwon Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

This study investigated the technical feasibility of a novel extraction-mineralization process using cement kiln dust and in-situ strong acid. The process included the extraction of Ca(OH)₂ from cement kiln dust (CKD) using strong acids and mineralization for CO₂ absorption employing extracted Ca(OH)₂ and alkaline wastewater as solvents. The extraction process used the pH swing method comprised of three phases: Ca²⁺ leaching from the CKD, removal of impurities from the supernatant, and Ca²⁺ recovery. hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid, showed significant Ca²⁺ extraction efficiency of 93.54% and 88.58%, respectively. In the mineralization phase, when the Ca(OH)₂ was used with deionized water as a solvent, they have shown similar CO₂ loading values (1.19 and 1.18 mol CO₂/mol Ca(OH)₂ with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid as extraction agents, respectively). When the solvent was replaced with alkaline wastewater, the CO₂ loading values were increased to 2.28 and 2.26 mol CO₂/mol Ca(OH)₂ with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid as extraction agents, respectively. In the proposed process, CaCO₃ yield was achieved at 126.45 and 71.17 g CaCO₃/kg CKD with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, respectively. In addition, the properties of CaCO₃ were different depending on solvent types and it was observed that nanosized CaCO₃ with 41.21 and 30.85 nm of average particle size was formed with deionized water as a solvent. When the solvent was replaced, the average particle size of CaCO₃ increased to 62.87 and 43.05 nm, respectively. As a result, it seems that the high pH of alkaline wastewater affected the increase of particle size because the nucleation and the growth of CaCO₃ are highly dependent on the pH of the system. The novel extraction-mineralization process takes advantage of no additional energy and no generation of acidic or alkaline wastewater in the overall process, and high-purity CaCO₃ products. Therefore, this novel extraction-mineralization process allows approximately 0.71 to 1.46 ton of CO₂ to be captured using 1 ton of CKD. Via substituting conventional products of CaCO₃, this process could reduce more than original CO_2e emissions. Therefore, the results of this study can be contributed to carbon capture and utilization processes designed for industry by-products such as alkaline waste.

Verbal classifiers in Mandarin: syntactic and semantic unit of counting

Kyumin Kim 청주대학교 인문과학연구소 2020 人文科學論集 Vol.60 No.-

A verbal classifier in Mandarin, recognized as two types, is known as an event quantifier in that it counts the number of an event. In previous studies, it has been proposed that the two types of verbal classifiers appear in a different syntactic position. Building on these previous studies, this paper proposes that the two types of a verbal classifier have a different syntactic unit for counting, namely a vP and VP. This paper further characterizes the proposed syntactic unit of an event in terms of semantics, which has been left unclear in previous studies.