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Lee, J.H.,Pascua, P.N.Q.,Decano, A.G.,Kim, S.M.,Park, S.J.,Kwon, H.I.,Kim, E.H.,Kim, Y.I.,Kim, H.,Kim, S.Y.,Song, M.S.,Jang, H.K.,Park, B.K.,Choi, Y.K. Elsevier Science 2015 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.34 No.-
In 2011-2012, contemporary North American-like H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) possessing the 2009 pandemic H1N1 matrix gene (H3N2pM-like virus) were detected in domestic pigs of South Korea where H1N2 SIV strains are endemic. More recently, we isolated novel reassortant H1N2 SIVs bearing the Eurasian avian-like swine H1-like hemagglutinin and Korean swine H1N2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the H3N2pM-like virus. In the present study, we clearly provide evidence on the genetic origins of the novel H1N2 SIVs virus through genetic and phylogenetic analyses. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in comparison with a pre-existing 2012 Korean H1N2 SIV [A/swine/Korea/CY03-1½012 (CY03-1½012)], the 2013 novel reassortant H1N2 isolate [A/swine/Korea/CY0423/2013 (CY0423-12/2013)] replicated more efficiently in differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. The CY0423-12/2013 virus induced higher viral titers than the CY03-1½012 virus in the lungs and nasal turbinates of infected mice and nasal wash samples of ferrets. Moreover, the 2013 H1N2 reassortant, but not the intact 2012 H1N2 virus, was transmissible to naive contact ferrets via respiratory-droplets. Noting that the viral precursors have the ability to infect humans, our findings highlight the potential threat of a novel reassortant H1N2 SIV to public health and underscore the need to further strengthen influenza surveillance strategies worldwide, including swine populations.
N₂/ CH₄가스비에 따른 Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride 박막의 특성
장홍규(H. K. Jang),김근식(G. S. Kim),황보상우(S. W. Whangbo),이연승(Y. S. Lee),황정남(C. N. Whang),유영조(Y. Z. Yoo),김효근(H. G. Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.3
DC saddle-field-plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition(PECVD) 장치를 이용하여 상온에서 p-type Si (100) 기판위에 hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride [a-C:H(N)]박막을 증착하였다. 원료가스인 CH₄과 N₂의 전체압력은 90 mTorr로 고정하고 N₂/CH₄비를 0에서 4까지 변화하면서 제작한 a-C:H(N) 박막의 미세 구조의 변화를 연구하였다. 진공조의 도달 진공도는 1×10^(-6) Torr이고, 본 실험시 CH₄+N₂가스의 유량은 5 sc㎝으로 고정하고 배기량을 조절하여 진공조의 가스 압력을 90 mTorr로 고정하였으며 기판에 200 V의 직류 bias 전압을 인가하였다. α-step과 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용한 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 0.5로 증가함에 따라 박막 두께는 4840 Å에서 2600 Å으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 박막내의 탄소에 대한 질소함유량(N/C비)는 N₂/CH₄비가 4일때 최대 0.25로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 XPS 스펙트럼의 fitting 결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가할수록 CN결합이 증가하였다. Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가함에 따라 박막내의 C-H 결합은 감소하고, N-H, C≡N 결합은 증가하였다. Optical bandgap 측정 결 과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 4로 증가함에 따라 a-C:H(N)박막의 bandgap 에너지는 2.53 eV에서 2.3 eV로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride[a-C:H(N)] films were deposited on p-type Si(100) at room temperature with substrate bias voltage of 200 V by DC saddle-field plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Effects of the ratio of N₂to CH₄(N₂/CH₄), in the range of 0 and 4 on such properties as optical properties, microstucture, relative fraction of nitrogen and carbon, etc. of the films have been investigated. The thickness of the a-C:H(N) film was abruptly decreased with the addition of nitrogen, but at N₂/CH₄> 0.5, the thickness of the film gradually decreased with the increase of the N₂/CH₄. The ratio of N to C(N/C) of the films was saturated at 0.25 with the increase of N₂/CH₄. N-H, C≡N bonds of the films increased but C-H bond decreased with the increase of N₂/CH₄. Optical band gap energy of the film decreased from 2.53 eV deposited with pure methane to 2.3 eV at the ratio of N₂/CH₄=4.
Antiviral phenolics from the leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus
Ha, T.K.Q.,Dao, T.T.,Nguyen, N.H.,Kim, J.,Kim, E.,Cho, T.Oh.,Oh, W.K. Elsevier 2016 Fitoterapia Vol.110 No.-
<P>During the screening program for anti-influenza agents from medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus leaves was found to exhibit potential neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory activity. Bioassay directed fractionation led to the isolation of two new acetophenones (1 and 2) and one new flavanone (3), along with six known compounds (4-9). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods and through comparison with the previous literature. Compounds 6 and 8 exhibited strong enzymatic inhibition on various neuraminidases from different influenza viruses, including H1N1, H9N2, novel H1N1, and oseltamivir-resistant novel H1N1 (H274Y mutation) expressed in HEM293 cells (IC50 values ranging from 5.07 +/- 0.94 mu M to 9.34 +/- 2.52 mu M, respectively). Kinetic experiments revealed the non-competitive inhibitory mode of both compounds 6 and 8. Furthermore, these flavonoids reduced the cytopathic effect of the H1N1 virus in MDCK cells. The present study suggests the potential of two flavonoids (6 and 8) as new lead compounds for the development of novel NA inhibitors in the future. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
질소 시비량이 정예피의 생육특성 , 수량 , 및 조성분 함량에 미치는 영향
조남기,강영길,조영일,부창훈 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.2
A native cultivar of Japanese millet [Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight) was grown with N rates of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ㎏/㏊ from 31 May to 6 September in 1999 to determine the optimum N rate for forage production in a volcanic ash soil of Jeju island. Half of N fertilizer rate was applied at planting and half at 60 days after planting. Days to heading increased from 84 to 90 days as nitrogen rate increased from 0 to 250㎏/㏊. Plant height increased from 144 to 183 cm with increasing nitrogen rate. However, there was no significant difference between 200 and 250 ㎏ N/㏊ for the two characteristics. Increasing N rate from 0 to 250 ㎏/㏊ increased dry matter (DM) yield from 6.76 to 12.67 MT/㏊, crude protein yield from 0.47 to 1.21 MT/㏊, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield from 3.46 to 7.18 MT/㏊. However, no significant differences in these yields were found between 200 and 250 ㎏ N/㏊. Nitrogen uptake increased from 75.1 to 194.2 ㎏/㏊ but N use efficiency decreased from 90.0 to 65.2 ㎏ DM/㎏ N with increasing N from 0 to 250 ㎏/㏊. As N rate increased from 0 to 250 ㎏/㏊, CP and TDN contents increased from 6.9 to 9.6% and from 51.3 to 56.7%. respectively. while crude fiber content decreased from 39.5 to 35.9%. Ether extract and nitrogen free extract contents increased up to 200 ㎏ N/㏊ and then did not significantly increase with the further increase in N rate. Crude ash content decreased up to 200 ㎏ N/㏊ and then did not significantly decrease with the further increase in N rate. Based on the these findings, the optimum N rate for forage production of Japanese millet seems to be about 200 ㎏/㏊ in volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.
Zhao, H.,Hui, K.S.,Hui, K.N. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Carbon Vol.76 No.-
We reported on the facile synthesis of N-doped multilayer graphene (N-MLG) from milk powder that uses melamine as a nitrogen-doping source with Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> ions as catalytic growth agents. We showed that milk powder could be used as a precursor for large-scale N-MLG synthesis through heat treatment at 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C under N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere for 45-120min. In addition, heating time has a remarkable effect on N content and type in N-MLG. The resulting N-MLG exhibited higher catalytic activity than undoped graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as comparable catalytic activity to commercial Pt/C catalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, the catalytic activity was sensitive to N content and type, particularly the ratio of pyridinic-N to total N atoms. Results showed that Fe atoms in N-MLG were found to function not as synergetic catalysts for ORR but as catalytic growth agents for N-MLG formation, thereby promoting and stabilizing N atoms. The present method could lead to the synthesis of bulk amounts of N-MLG, which is promising for applications in electrochemical energy devices, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
김영석,김낙배,정기형,박혜일,Kim, Y.S.,Kim, N.B.,Chung, K.H.,Bak, H.I. Korean Nuclear Society 1986 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.18 No.2
The $^{93}Nb(n,n\alpha)^{89m}Y$, $^{93}Nb(n,{\alpha})^{90m}Y$ and $^{93}Nb(n,2n)^{92m}Nb$ cross sections at a neutron energy of 14.6 MeV have been measured relative to the $^{27}Al(n,p)^{27}Mg$ and $^{27}Al(n,{\alpha})^{24}Na$ cross sections. A small accelerator utilizing $T(D,n)^4He$ reaction was used as a neutron source and the neutron energy spread is about 0.4MeV at the sample. All induced activities were measured with a 70cc HPGe detector in the same geometry.
Cha, D. R.,Kim, I. S.,Kang, Y. S.,Han, S. Y.,Han, K. H.,Shin, C.,Ji, Y. H.,Kim, N. H. Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 Diabetic medicine Vol.22 No.1
<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>The expression of TGF&bgr;-inducible gene h3(&bgr;ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF&bgr; in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (<I>n</I> = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (<I>n</I> = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (<I>n</I> = 126). Urinary levels of &bgr;ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</P><P>Results </P><P>(i) Urinary excretion of &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 18.67 ± 6.56, <I>P</I> = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 34.06 ± 24.55 vs. 169.63 ± 57.33, <I>P</I> < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 (healthy control; <I>r</I> = 0.137, <I>P</I> = 0.019, diabetic patients; <I>r</I> = 0.604, <I>P</I> < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 in diabetic patients (<I>r =</I> 0.383, <I>P</I> = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: <I>r</I> = 0.436, <I>P</I> = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, <I>r</I> = 0.365, <I>P</I> = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> (cholesterol: <I>r</I> = 0.169, <I>P</I> = 0.03, HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>; <I>r</I> = 0.387, <I>P</I> = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Longitudinal monitoring of urinary &bgr;ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and &bgr;ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.</P>
A Study on the Mossbauer Effect of Fe ion in Alkali Borate Glass
Park,K.H.,Shin,Y.N.,Hong,C.Y. 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.2 No.-
酸化鐵을 넣은 Alkali Borate 非晶質 유리를 만들어 Mossbauer Spectrum으로 Mossbauer parameters와 철 ion의 狀態에 대해서 硏究되었다. 試料의 成分은 X% A, (100-X)% B?O?, 4% Fe?O?로 하여 A는 K?O, Na?O, 및 K?O이고, X=10, 20 및 30을 취했다. 이 混合物을 잘 섞어 電氣爐에서 900℃ 溫度로 約 2時間동안 융용시켰다. I.S.와 Q.S.는 X가 增加함에 따라 減少함을 보였고, Li-Na-K의 原子半徑에 따라 I.S.는 增加함을 보이나 Q.S.는 감소함을 보였다. 線?은 X가 增加함에 따라, Li-Na-K 順序로 減少함을 보였다. Amorphous alkali borate glasses were prepared to contain 4mole% of ferric oxide as impurity. Mossbauer parameters and the state of iron in alkali borate glasses were studied by Mossbauer spectra. X% A?O, (100-X)% B?O? 4% Fe?O?, where A=Li, Na or K and X=10, 20 or 30 are composed, where prepared. Mixtures were melted in air in furnace at 900℃ for two hours. Isomer shift and quadrupole splitting were decreased according to increasing of X component, and according to increasing of X component. Isomer shift was increased but quadrupole splitting was decreased. And the line width was decreased according to increasing of X component and Li-Na-K series.
Kim, K.-H.,Wasano, N.,Ohba, M. 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1
Four Lepidoptera-specific reference strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, belonging to serovars sumiyoshiensis(H3a:3d), fukuokaensis(H3a:3d:3e), darmstadiensis(H10a:10b) and japonensis(H23), which produce spherical parasporal inclusions, were examined for comparative characterization of δ-endotoxins. SDS-PAGE profiles of the alkali-solubilized parasporal inclusions revealed the presence of single major protein bands of 130 kDa in the four strains. Chymotrypsin and trypsin treatment of the proteins gave profiles different from those of the strains HD-1(serovar kurstaki, H3a:3b:3c) and T84Al(serovar sotto, H4a:4b). Also, minor variations were observed in proteolysis profiles among the four strains. The LC_50 values of purified parasporal inclusions for the silkworm(Bombyx mori) larvae were 7·35, 6·45, 3·08 and 2·63 ㎍ g^-1 diet, respectively, showing that their toxicity levels were 5-15 times lower than that of the strain HD-1 (0·49㎍ g^-1 diet). Analysis by immunodiffusion and immunoblotting with polyclonal antisera revealed that parasporal inclusion proteins of the four strains are highly related, whereas they shared few or no common anitgens with those of the strains HD-1, T84Al and Buibui(serovar japonensis).
12주간의 β-alanine 보충과 운동 훈련이 근육 내 Carnosine 농도와 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향
손희정 ( H. J. Son ),하영일 ( Y. I. Ha ),박노환 ( N. H. Park ),육현철 ( H. C. Youk ),김효정 ( H. J. Kim ),김창근 ( C. K. Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2010 운동과학 Vol.19 No.3
Carnosine(beta-alanyl-L-histidine)은 베타알라닌과 히스티딘으로 이루어진 다이펩다이드로서 근육 내에 많이 분포하고 있다. Carnosine은 체액의 산성화가 일어날 때 수소이온을 효과적으로 완충시키는 작용을 하며 식이를 통해 근육 내 carnosine 농도를 변화시킬 수 있다. 이 연구는 엘리트 수영선수(22-25세, n=10)를 대상으로 12주간 β-alanine 보충과 수영 훈련이 근육 내 carnosine 농도와 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 집단은 β-alanine 보충 집단(n=5)과 위약 집단(n=5)으로 무선배정하였다. 12주간 β-alanine보충집단은 β-alanine을 3.2g/d씩 섭취하였으며 수영 훈련은 주당 6회, 1일 7km의 복합트레이닝을 실시하였다. 근육 내 carnosine 농도는 대퇴 외측광근의 근생검 샘플을 HPLC로 분석하였다. 12주간의 β-alanine 섭취와 수영훈련에 의해 보충 집단의 근육 내 carnosine 농도는 11% 증가한 반면(p<.05), 위약집단에서는 유의한 변화가 나타내지 않았다. 한편, β-alanine 보충집단의 반복적인 수영 시행(100m×7회 자유형, 매 시행직후, 안정시, 회복기 3, 6, 9분)에서 운동수행능력의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 위약집단과 비교할 때 β-alanine 보충집단의 수영 기록이 유의한 향상(p<.05)을 나타내었으며 심박수 변화에서도 집단 간 유의한 차이(p<.05)를 발견할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 운동 훈련 시 β-alanine 보충은 세포내 carnosine 합성을 증가시킬 수 있으며 이러한 근육 내 carnorsine 농도 증가는 고강도 운동 시 운동수행능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미침으로써 운동선수를 위한 영양보조물로서의 가능성을 시사하고 있다. Carnosine(Carn) is a dipeptide of β-alanine and histidine and occurs in high concentrations in skeletal muscle. Carn is highly effective on buffering H+ over the physiological pH range and probably the only such active compound of which concentration can be changed by diet. This study was performed to investigate the effect of 12 wk β-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and lactate concentration, heart rate, and speed during the repeated high intensive swimming trials. Ten young elite swimmers(22-25yrs) participated in this study. They were divided into β-alanine group (n=5, 3.2g/d of β-alanine) and placebo group(n=5) and performed combined exercise training for 12 weeks. Subjects performed 7 repetitions of 100m freestyle swimming with blood samplings before, after, and during the recovery. Percutaneous muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the supplementation. Carnosine concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). From the result of this study, we found Carnosine content(11%, p<.05), heart rate(p<.05), and the speed of 7 repetitions 100m freestyle swimming(p<.05) were positively changed with the supplementation. These findings suggest that the increased carnosine concentration with β-alanine supplementation is likely contribute to exercise performance and a possibility that β-alanine may be used as an useful ergogenic aid for athletes.