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A Unified Hierarchy for AI and Natural Intelligence through Auto-Programming for General Purposes
( Juyang Weng ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2020 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.21 No.1
Despite the current great public interest in neural network based artificial intelligence, there exists a huge gap between artificial intelligence (AI) and natural intelligence (NI). Furthermore, there is such a lack of united hierarchy of intelligence that intelligence is widely regarded piecemeal. This status quo results in highly brittle AI systems. This paper proposes how an autonomous agent, natural or artificial, develops a united intelligence hierarchy in the brain. The term "united" means not only for AI and NI both, but also for all practical sensory modalities and motor modalities, including perception, representation/reasoning, learning, societal activities and politics. This line of work has been supported by rigorous mathematical proofs and initial experimental verications. However, this paper minimizes mathematical material so that the new in- formation here can reach a wide audience. We should ask a new and general question: "How can a machine, natural or artificial, Autonomously Program For General Purposes (APFGP) from the real physical world?" We have given this question a solution, theoretically, experimentally, and mathematically. A clear but powerful learning engine|Developmental Network (DN) enables APFGP. Hopefully, understanding APFGP for both AI and NI not only fully automate constructions of AI systems but also improve human development, individually and societally.
Q-방법론을 이용한 항공사 선택속성에 따른 고객 유형화 연구: 대형항공사와 저비용항공사 비교
이주양 ( Juyang Lee ) 관광경영학회 2019 관광경영연구 Vol.88 No.-
This study was conducted to classify Airline Customer by Selection Attributes between Full Service Carrier(FSC) and Low Cost Carrier(LCC) using Q-methodology. 28 Q-statements were extracted from research articles and in-depth interviews with Airline professionals and customers. 30 people who have air travel experience within recent 1 year were selected to classify the Q-samples. The results of this study revealed two types of customer characteristics for both full service carrier and low cost carrier. The first type of customers who prefer Full Service Carrier was called 'reservation, ticketing preference' and the other type was 'national airlines and safety preference'. And the first type of the customers who select Low Cost Carrier was called 'Airline image preference' and the second type was 'reservation, ticketing preference'. It is identified that reservation and ticketing process are very important attributes for the customers who select both Full Service Carrier and Low Cost Carrier. The results of analysis guide the directions marketing strategies to satisfy various customer needs and sustainable development. It also delivers administrative and practical implications.
HMR(가정식사 대용식) 선택속성에 관한 1인 가구 대학생의 주관적 인식 유형 분석: Q-방법론적 접근
이주양 ( Juyang Lee ),임재문 ( Jaemoon Lim ) 관광경영학회 2020 관광경영연구 Vol.98 No.-
This research examined the types of perceptions that single-person household university students have regarding HMR selection attributes by using Q-methodology. Twenty-seven Q-statements were generated and 31 single-person household university students were selected as the P-sample to conduct Q-classification. The results of the Q-factor analysis showed that the types of perceptions were divided into two types: “economic gourmets who focus on convenience” and “those who focus on hygiene and freshness.” The university students corresponding to the former type perceived taste, ease of consumption, and affordable price as important. The students corresponding to the latter type had the characteristic of considering hygienic food, fresh ingredients, and taste as important. The results of this research can be utilized as useful material by food service distribution companies for the development of food service products and for the establishment of effective sales strategies.
외식 배달앱 선택속성에 관한 소비자의 주관성 연구: Q-방법론을 중심으로
이주양 ( Juyang Lee ),강선희 ( Seonhee Kang ) 관광경영학회 2020 관광경영연구 Vol.100 No.-
This study applied Q-methodology in its analysis to examine the consumers’ subjective perception on selection attributes of the food delivery apps. 25 Q-statements were obtained from precedent research and through in-depth interviews with operators of food delivery apps and three users. In addition, 30 people who had used food delivery apps before were selected as the P-sample. Q-factor analysis showed that the consumer perception could be divided into the following three types: “hygiene based, trust oriented,” “diverse menu oriented,” and “gourmet, focusing on user convenience”. The first type of consumers placed great importance on the hygiene and the satisfaction of those who had already experienced the service. The second type preferred those delivery apps that carried a variety of dining services. Finally, the third type prized the taste of food and the convenience of using the apps. The results of this study will serve as basic data for the marketing strategy and customer satisfaction.
코로나바이러스감염증-19 예방행동에 대한 관광 및 외식 경험자의 주관적 인식 유형: Q-방법론을 중심으로
이주양 ( Juyang Lee ) 관광경영학회 2021 관광경영연구 Vol.103 No.-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the subjective perception types regarding preventive behavior against the COVID-19 using Q-methodology. To achieve that, 60 Q-populations were collected through in-depth interviews with medical professionals and literature review. The 25 Q-statements extracted from the Q-populations were classified by the P-samples of 28 citizens in the Cheonan and Asan regions. The classified data were then analyzed using the Ken-Q analysis program. An analysis of the results showed two groups with clearly differentiated perceptions―‘Focus on Personal Hygiene Management’ type and ‘Prevent Risk of Infecting Others’ type. Those belonging to the first type closely adhered to rules of personal hygiene and considered ‘washing hands’ as most important. Those belonging to the second type endeavored to reduce contact with other people and considered ‘wearing masks’ as most important. The results of this study will be used as basic data required for prevention and response management for new infectious diseases.
Intratumorally Establishing Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Blocks Tumor Growth
Kim, Juyang,Kim, Wonyoung,Moon, U J.,Kim, Hyun J.,Choi, Hye-Jeong,Sin, Jeong-Im,Park, Neung H.,Cho, Hong R.,Kwon, Byungsuk American Association of Immunologists 2016 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>A long-standing question in the field of tumor immunotherapy is how Th2 cytokines block tumor growth. Their antitumor effects are particularly prominent when they are secreted continuously in tumors, suggesting that Th2 cytokines may create a tumor micro-environment unfavorable for tumor growth independently of adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that local production of IL-33 establishes a high number of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) with potent antitumor activity. IL-33 promotes secretion of a massive amount of CXCR2 ligands from ILC2s but creates a tumor microenvironment where tumor cells express CXCR2 through a dysfunctional angiogenesis/hypoxia/reactive oxygen species axis. These two signaling events converge to reinforce tumor cell-specific apoptosis through CXCR2. Our results identify a previously unrecognized antitumor therapeutic pathway wherein ILC2s play a central role.</P>
IL-33–Induced Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mobilization Depends upon CCR2
Kim, Juyang,Kim, Wonyoung,Le, Hongnga T.,Moon, U J.,Tran, Vuvi G.,Kim, Hyun J.,Jung, Soyeon,Nguyen, Quang-Tam,Kim, Byung-Sam,Jun, Jae-Bum,Cho, Hong R.,Kwon, Byungsuk American Association of Immunologists 2014 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>IL-33 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, atopic allergy, anaphylaxis, and other inflammatory diseases by promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines or Th2 immune responses. In this study, we analyzed the in vivo effect of IL-33 administration. IL-33 markedly promoted myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and myeloid cell emigration. Concomitantly, IL-33 induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. HSPC mobilization was mediated mainly through increased levels of CCL7 produced by vascular endothelial cells in response to IL-33. In vivo treatment of IL-33 rapidly induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, and inhibition of these signaling molecules completely blocked the production of CCL7 induced by IL-33. Consistently, inhibitor of CCR2 markedly reduced IL-33–mediated HSPC mobilization in vivo and migration of HSPCs in response to CCL7 in vitro. IL-33–mobilized HSPCs were capable of homing to, and of long-term reconstitution in, the bone marrow of irradiated recipients. Immune cells derived from these recipients had normal antifungal activity. The ability of IL-33 to promote migration of HSPCs and myeloid cells into the periphery and to regulate their antifungal activity represents a previously unrecognized role of IL-33 in innate immunity. These properties of IL-33 have clinical implications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</P>
애견 펜션 선택속성에 관한 반려견 보호자의 주관적 인식 유형 : Q-방법론을 중심으로
이주양 ( Juyang Lee ),차석빈 ( Sukbin Cha ) 관광경영학회 2021 관광경영연구 Vol.101 No.-
This study analyzes the subjective perception of pet dog owners regarding the selection attributes of dog-friendly pensions(lodging) using Q-methodology. A total of 27 Q-samples were extracted from prior research as well as in-depth interviews with a dog expert and 2 pet dog owners. Thirty adults who have pet dogs and have experience using dog-friendly pensions were selected as the P-sample. A Q-factor analysis showed three perception types among pet dog owners: “trusts online information,” “values price and accessibility,” and “values comfort.” The respondents of the first type highly valued online reviews as well as information on pension web sites. The second type valued affordable prices and accessible locations, while the third type valued comfort, independent space, and cleanliness. The results of this study will be a useful marketing resource for businesses in the pet dog industry such as dog-friendly pensions and hotels.
Kim, Juyang,Choi, Woon S.,La, Soojin,Suh, Jae-Hee,Kim, Byoung-Sam,Cho, Hong R.,Kwon, Byoung S.,Kwon, Byungsuk American Society of Hematology 2005 Blood Vol.105 No.5
<B>Abstract</B><P>4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a costimulator for activated T cells. Previous studies have established that treatment with agonistic anti-4-BB monoclonal antibody (3H3) is effective in reversing the progression of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus. Its therapeutic effect is mediated by suppression of autoantibody production. In this report, we show that a single injection of 3H3 blocks chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in the parent-into-F1 model. In particular, donor CD4+ T cells are rapidly eliminated from host spleens by activation-induced cell death after 4-1BB triggering. Since donor CD4+ T cells are required for the development of cGVHD, and 3H3-mediated inhibition of autoantibody production occurs without donor CD8+ T cells, 3H3 blocks cGVHD by preventing alloreactive donor CD4+ T cells from activating host B cells. Importantly, 3H3 treatment can reverse the progression of advanced cGVHD. Our findings indicate that agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody has potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for preventing and treating cGVHD.</P>