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Justine J. Roberts,Pratibha Naudiyal,Khoon S. Lim,Laura A. Poole-Warren,Penny J. Martens 한국생체재료학회 2016 생체재료학회지 Vol.20 No.4
Background: Dityrosine crosslinking in proteins is a bioinspired method of forming hydrogels. This study compares oxidative enzyme initiators for their relative crosslinking efficiency and cytocompatibility using the same phenol group and the same material platform. Four common enzyme and enzyme-like oxidative initiators were probed for resulting material properties and cell viability post-encapsulation. Results: All four initiators can be used to form phenol-crosslinked hydrogels, however gelation rates are dependent on enzyme type, concentration, and the oxidant. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or hematin with hydrogen peroxide led to a more rapid poly (vinyl alcohol)-tyramine (PVA-Tyr) polymerization (10–60 min) because a high oxidant concentration was dissolved within the macromer solution at the onset of crosslinking, whereas laccase and tyrosinase require oxygen diffusion to crosslink phenol residues and therefore took longer to gel (2.5+ hours). The use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant reduced cell viability immediately post-encapsulation. Laccase- and tyrosinase-mediated encapsulation of cells resulted in higher cell viability immediately post-encapsulation and significantly higher cell proliferation after one week of culture. Conclusions: Overall this study demonstrates that HRP/H2O2, hematin/H2O2, laccase, and tyrosinase can create injectable, in situ phenol-crosslinked hydrogels, however oxidant type and concentration are critical parameters to assess when phenol crosslinking hydrogels for cell-based applications. Abbreviations: |G*|, (Complex) dynamic shear modulus; ANOVA, Analysis of variance; DCC, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium; DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT, Dithiothreitol; EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FBS, Fetal bovine serum; H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide; HRP, Horseradish peroxidase; Md, Dried sample mass; MES, 2-[N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid; Mi, Initial wet mass; Mi,d, Initial macromer fraction; Ms, Swollen sample mass; NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide; PBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline; PEG, Poly(ethylene glycol); PVA, Poly(vinyl alcohol); PVA-Tyr, Poly(vinyl alcohol)-tyramine; Q, Mass swelling ratio; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Mechanisms of Synergy in Polymicrobial Infections
Justine L. Murray,Jodi L. Connell,Apollo Stacy,Keith H. Turner,Marvin Whiteley 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.3
Communities of microbes can live almost anywhere andcontain many different species. Interactions between membersof these communities often determine the state of thehabitat in which they live. When these habitats include siteson the human body, these interactions can affect health anddisease. Polymicrobial synergy can occur during infection,in which the combined effect of two or more microbes ondisease is worse than seen with any of the individuals alone. Powerful genomic methods are increasingly used to studymicrobial communities, including metagenomics to revealthe members and genetic content of a community and metatranscriptomicsto describe the activities of community members. Recent efforts focused toward a mechanistic understandingof these interactions have led to a better appreciationof the precise bases of polymicrobial synergy in communitiescontaining bacteria, eukaryotic microbes, and/orviruses. These studies have benefited from advances in thedevelopment of in vivo models of polymicrobial infectionand modern techniques to profile the spatial and chemicalbases of intermicrobial communication. This review describesthe breadth of mechanisms microbes use to interact in waysthat impact pathogenesis and techniques to study polymicrobial communities.
Justine Lacroix,Jean-Christophe Daviet,Jean-Yves Salle,Benoit Borel,Maxence Compagnat,Stephane Mandigout 대한재활의학회 2019 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.43 No.3
Objective To determine whether post-stroke patient’s perceived exertion correlates with effort intensity score as measured by a wearable sensor and to assess whether estimates of perceived exertion are correlated to the cerebral hemisphere involved in the stroke. Methods We evaluated the effort intensity score during physiotherapy sessions using a wearable sensor and subjects assessed their perceived exertion using the modified Borg CR10 Scale. Results Fifty-seven subacute stroke patients participated in the study. The correlation between perceived exertion rating and measured effort intensity was insignificant—mean (r=-0.04, p=0.78) and peak (r=-0.05, p=0.70). However, there was a significant difference (p<0.02) in the perceived exertion ratings depending on the cerebral hemisphere where the stroke occurred. Patients with left-hand side lesions rated their perceived exertion as 4.5 (min–max, 0.5–8), whereas patients with right-hand side lesions rated their perceived exertion as 5.0 (2–8). Conclusion While there was an insignificant correlation between perceived exertion and effort intensity measured by a wearable sensor, a consistent variations in perceived exertion estimates according to the side of the cerebral lesion was identified and established.
Tibaijuka Justine J.,Nyarige Justine S.,Diale Mmantsae,Samiji Margaret E.,Mlyuka Nuru R. 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.83 No.1
The Cr and Cr/AlxOy thin flms were deposited by DC sputtering onto soda lime glass and polished Al substrates at various deposition temperatures. The structural analysis of the multilayered coatings revealed a weak XRD difraction peak at 2θ ≈ 43.3° ascribed to (110) plane of BCC structure of Cr metal. No phase of AlxOy was detected most likely due to the amorphous nature of the flms. SEM and AFM analysis demonstrated the skewed distribution of small particles with an average surface roughness ranging between 4.0 and 13 nm. The optical analysis of the flms revealed an increase in the steepness of the refectance curve along the transition/plasma wavelength and blue shifting of this wavelength with the increase in substrate temperature. Also, a decrease in refectance was observed upon employment of AlxOy antirefection coating as a result of shifting the transition wavelength toward longer wavelengths. These results suggest that substrate temperature and AlxOy antirefection coating are potential for improving the optical properties of Cr flms for selective solar absorbers applications.
Nested association mapping population in crops: current status and future prospects
Kitony Justine Kipruto 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.1
The recent advancement of bioinformatics tools and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has created enormous opportunities for a thorough understanding of quantitative (complex) traits in plants. One of the key drivers facilitating the mining of benefcial alleles for climate adaptation and increased crop productivity is multi-parental mapping populations. In this article, the current status and opportunities of multi-parental mapping populations for breeding and genetics are discussed. The paper particularly focuses on nested association mapping (NAM) population. NAM is primarily made up of inbred lines derived from crossing/backcrossing a common parent(s) to multiple diversity donor lines. NAM has high genetic diversity and low population structure, making it ideal for discovering genes and elucidating the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in plants. Because NAM lines are immortal, they allow for repeated measurements and multi-environment testing, which can be used in traditional functional genomics. Overall, the NAM population is a simple but powerful genetic resource that can be used as a gene mapping tool as well as a platform for evaluating models used in plant breeding.