합리적 열정에 대한 탐색 - 스피노자의 관점 -

박준식 ( Park¸ Jun-sik ) 한국초등도덕교육학회 2021 초등도덕교육 Vol.- No.74

본 연구의 목적은 피터즈가 도덕적 동기로 지칭한 ‘합리적 열정’의 성격을 스피노자의 정서에 관한 이론에 비추어 밝히는 데에 있다. 스피노자는, 피터즈가 이성적 사고에 붙박혀 있는 것으로 보았으나 자세히 설명하지 않고 있는 합리적 열정이 어떻게 그러한 방식으로 존재하는지를 보여준다. 스피노자에 의하면, 인간은 인식의 발달로 그에 부합하는 정서를 느끼게 되는데, 합리적 열정은 스피노자가 말한 2종의 이성적 인식과 불가분의 관계에 있는 능동적 정서 이외에 다른 것일 수 없다. 합리적 열정을 포함하여 모든 정서는 신적인 역량인 코나투스를 원천으로 하며, 그러한 정서를 존재 방식으로 하는 인간은 본래의 자신에게로 되돌아가려 한다. 인간의 자기에게로의 복귀는 신적 인식으로 성취되며, 합리적 열정은 인간을 그러한 인식으로 이끄는 내적 힘이다. The purpose of this study is to reveal the nature of ‘rational passion’, which Peters referred to as a moral motive, in the light of Spinoza’s theory of affect. Peters considers rational passion as embedded in rational thinking, but does not explain the reason. According to Spinoza, the inseparable relationship between cognition and affect arises from the fact that they have the same origin. cognition and emotion arise through ideas of the affections of the body, and the initial recognition through it is inadequate and involves passion, which is a passive affect. Both passions and rational passions come from conatus. A Human being whose essence is conatus, which is a divine potentia, is trying to return to himself as a mode of God. Human being’s return to Self can be accomplished by divine thought, and rational passion is the power that makes it possible.

An optimal credit policy to increase supplier's profits with price dependent demand functions

Junsik Kim,Hark Hwang,Seongwhan shinn 대한산업공학회 1992 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.1992 No.5

IMMUNE CHARACTERISTICS OF TUMOR-INFILTRATING T CELLS IN OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA RELATIVE TO OVARIAN HIGH-GRADE SEROUS CARCINOMA

( Junsik Park ),( Jung Chul Kim ),( Miran Lee ),( Joohyang Lee ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ),( Jung-yun Lee ),( Yu Sang Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: A recent series of clinical trials have demonstrated the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). However, little is known about the immune characteristics of OCCC. In this study, we investigated the immunologic properties of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with OCCC to elucidate therapeutic responses to ICIs. Methods: We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TILs from patients with ovarian cancer. CD8 and regulatory T (Treg) cells of OCCC (n=25) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients (n=33) were compared using flow cytometry. Results: First, we explored the immune characteristics of OCCC-infiltrating T cells. The % of CD8 and Treg cells were higher in TILs than in PBMCs. CD8 TILs exhibited higher expression of PD-1, CD39, CD103, granzyme B, Ki-67 and TCF-1, compared with peripheral CD8 T cells. Tumor-infiltrating Treg cells were enriched with effector Treg cells and showed higher expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, 4-1BB, OX-40, CD39, and CCR8, compared with peripheral Treg cells. Second, we compared TILs from advanced/recurrent patients with OCCC (n=9) and HGSC (n=33). The expression of PD-1 on CD8 TILs was significantly lower in OCCC than in HGSC. Furthermore, the expression of TCF-1 was significantly higher in OCCC. Meanwhile, the % of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells, especially effector Treg cells was significantly lower in OCCC than in HGSC. Conclusion: Overall, CD8 TILs in OCCC were exhausted similar to those in HGSC. However, CD8 TIL in OCCC showed less exhausted than those in HGSC. Further research is needed to investigate whether the immune properties of TILs in OCCC are actually correlated with the favored responses of ICIs.

Effect of Peanut Seed Orientation on Germination, Seedling Biomass, and Morphology in an Oak Tree Sawdust Cultivation System

Junsik Ahn,Ilchan Song,Dongjae Kim,Joon Chul Lee,Sungkwon Moon,Sooncheol Myoung,Kisung Ko 한국원예학회 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.4

We performed seed germination tests to investigate the effects of seed sowing orientation on germination viability on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) sprouts. Specifically, we assessed the influence of seed sowing orientation on germination rate, seedling weight, and seedling length, as well as the seedling vigor index. The seeds were sown in oak tree sawdust at 3.0 cm depth. Four seed orientations were tested: vertical with the hypocotyl end down, vertical with the hypocotyl end up, horizontal with the hypocotyl end down, and horizontal with the hypocotyl end up. The mean seed germination percentages of the four seed orientations were significantly different (p < 0.01) and ranged from 25 to 91.7%. The vertical orientation with hypocotylend-down and hypocotyl-end-up orientations showed the highest (91.7%) and lowest (25%) germination rates, respectively. The vertical orientation with the hypocotyl end down produced the heaviest (4.9 g) seedlings and the longest hypocotyls (4.65 cm). This orientation also produced the longest true leaf + epycotyl (2.15 cm) and had the highest seedling vigor index (197.1). The seedlings had a straight growth pattern, whereas seedlings from seeds sown with the hypocotyl up had an awkward plumular hook shape. Taken together, to produce peanut sprouts, we recommend placing the seeds vertically with the hypocotyl end down because this orientation leads to a high germination rate, high biomass production, and high overall seedling quality.

Microwave Negative Group Delay Circuit: Filter Synthesis Approach

Junsik Park,Girdhari Chaudhary,Junhyung Jeong,Yongchae Jeong 한국전자파학회JEES 2016 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.16 No.1

This paper presents the design of a negative group delay circuit (NGDC) using the filter synthesis approach. The proposed design method is based on a frequency transformation from a low-pass filter (LPF) to a bandstop filter (BSF). The predefined negative group delay (NGD) can be obtained by inserting resistors into resonators. To implement a circuit with a distributed transmission line, a circuit conversion technique is employed. Both theoretical and experimental results are provided for validating of the proposed approach. For NGD bandwidth and magnitude flatness enhancements, two second-order NGDCs with slightly different center frequencies are cascaded. In the experiment, group delay of 5.9±0.5 ns and insertion loss of 39.95±0.5 dB are obtained in the frequency range of 1.935–2.001 GHz.

Low-Profile Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Ultrawideband Applications

Junsik Yun,Jaehoon Choi 한국전자파학회JEES 2016 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.16 No.4

In this paper, a low-profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for ultrawideband (UWB) applications is proposed. The antenna consists of a PIFA and a ground plane with a slot. The addition of the slot not only improves the impedance matching of the PIFA but also forms an additional resonance. Therefore, the proposed antenna has a wideband characteristic covering the full UWB frequency range (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) and a stable and nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern. The antenna also has a smaller volume and thickness compared to previous UWB PIFAs.

Analytical Model for Resistance of Existing Steel Girder Bridges

Junsik Eom,Byeong Cheol Lho 대한토목학회 2003 KSCE journal of civil engineering Vol.7 No.3

The comparison of the accuracy of temporary crowns fabricated with several 3D printers and a milling machine

Junsik Lee,Sungwon Ju,Jihyung Kim,Sion Hwang,Jinsoo Ahn 대한치과보철학회 2023 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.15 No.2

Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of various 3D printers and a milling machine. Materials and methods. The die model was designed using CAD (Autodesk Inventor 2018 sp3). The 30 µm cement space was given to the die and the ideal crown of the mandibular left first molar was designed using CAD (ExoCAD). The crowns were produced using the milling machine (Imes-icore 250i) and the 3D printers (Zenith U, Zenith D, W11) and they were divided into four groups. In all groups, the interior of each crown was scanned (Identica blue) and superimposed (Geomagic Control X) with the previously designed die. The difference between the die and the actual crown was measured at specific points. The Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Bonferroni’s method were performed with a statistical analysis software (P < .008 in inter-group comparison P < .001 in intra-group comparison). Results. In all groups, the center of the occlusal area and the anti-rotational dimple area showed significantly greater difference and the marginal area showed the smallest difference comparatively. The mean value of the difference in each area and the sum of the differences were higher in order of W11, Imes-icore 250i, Zenith D, and Zenith U. Conclusion. The digital light processing (DLP) method shows higher accuracy compared to the sereolithography (SLA) method using the same resin material. [J Adv Prosthodont 2023;15:72-9]

Optimization of ELISA conditions to quantify colorectal cancer antigen-antibody complex protein (GA733-FcK) expressed in transgenic plant

Junsik Ahn,Kyung-Jin Lee,Kisung Ko 한국당과학회 2013 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

The purpose of this study is to optimize sandwich ELISA conditions to quantify the colorectal cancer antigen GA733 linked to the Fc antibody fragment complex protein fused to KDEL, an ER retention signal (GA733-FcK) expressed in the transgenic plant. Variable conditions of capture antibody, blocking buffer, and detection antibody for ELISA were optimized with application of leaf extracts from the transgenic plant, expressing GA733-FcK. In detection antibody, anti-EpCAM/CD362 IgG conjugated to HRP recognizing the GA733 did not detect any GA733-FcK whereas anti-human Fc IgG conjugated to HRP recognizing the human Fc detected GA733-FcK distinguish the presence of GA733-FcK in leaf extract. For blocking buffer conditions, 3 % BSA buffer properly clearly blocked the ELISA plate, compared to the 5 % skim milk buffer. For the capture antibody, mAb CO17-1A was applied to coat the 96 well ELISA plate with different amounts (1, 0.5, and 0.25 μg /well). Among the different amounts of the capture antibody, 1 and 0.5 μg/well of the capture antibody showed similar absorbance; whereas, 0.25 μg/well of the capture antibody showed significantly less absorbance. Taken together, the optimized sandwich ELISA conditions to quantify plant-derived GA733-FcK were 0.5 μg/well of mAb CO17-1A per well for the capture antibody, 3 % BSA for blocking buffer, and anti-human Fc conjugated HRP. To confirm the optimized ELISA conditions, correlation analysis was conducted between the quantified amount of GA733-FcK in ELISA and its protein density values of different transgenic plant leaf samples in Western blot. The coefficient value R2 between the ELISA quantified expression value and protein density was 0.85 (p<0.01), which indicates that the optimized sandwich ELISA conditions feasibly provides quantitative information of GA733-FcK expression in the transgenic plant leaves.

Optimization of ELISA protocol to quantify colorectal cancer antigen-antibody complex protein (GA733-Fc) expressed in transgenic plant

Junsik Ahn,Youngtae Byun,Jung-Hwan Lee,Deuk-Su Kim,Young-Kug Choo,Kyung-A Hwang,Sungsu Park,Kisung Ko 한국당과학회 2013 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

The purpose of this study is to optimize ELISA protocol to quantify colorectal cancer antigen GA733 and Fc antibody complex protein (GA733-Fc) expressed in transgenic plant. To confirm whether GA733 was functionally fused to Fc, mAb CO17-1A recognizing GA733 was coated on the 96 well ELISA plate. Goat anti-human IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was applied to detect the Fc fragment of human IgG. ELISA was conducted by variable conditions of coating, washing, blocking, and sample amount. In coating, the mammalian-derived mAb CO17-1A were diluted at 2.5, 5, 10 μg/ml (100 μl/well). In washing, 1X PBS as compared to 1X PBS-T (1X PBS+0.05% Tween 20). In blocking, two types of buffers, 5% skim milk and 3% BSA solutions were compared each others. The results showed that 3% BSA gived better blocking than 5% skim milk. For plant samples, we applied transgenic plant leaf extracts expressing antigen GA733-Fc with dilution factors 1/2, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/100. Taken together, the optimized ELISA conditions to quantify plant-drived GA733-Fc were 0.5 μg of mAb CO17-1A per well for coating 3% BSA for blocking buffer, and 1/5 leaf extract sample dilution factor.