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Jung, H. A.,Roy, A.,Choi, J. S. Springer Japan KK 2017 Fisheries Science Vol. No.
<P>Fucoxanthin is the primary carotenoid found in edible seaweeds, such as Eisenia bicyclis, Undaria pinnatifida, and others. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of fucoxanthin against Parkinson's disease (PD) by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B because MAO inhibitors are used in early management of PD. A sensitive enzyme-based chemiluminescent assay and kinetics methods were used to investigate the enzyme inhibitory activities and mode of inhibition. A molecular docking simulation was performed to clarify the binding characteristics of fucoxanthin to hMAO-A (2z5x) and hMAO-B (2v5z). Our results suggest that fucoxanthin shows significant inhibitory activity against hMAO-A and hMAO-B with IC50 values of 197.41 +/- 2.20 and 211.12 +/- 1.17 mu M, respectively. Selegiline was used as the positive control (IC50: 10.54 +/- 1.25 and 0.128 +/- 0.01 mu M for hMAO-A and hMAO-B, respectively). The enzyme-based kinetics results demonstrated that fucoxanthin inhibited both hMAOs in a reversible competitive manner. The molecular docking simulation predicted that fucoxanthin exhibits higher binding affinity towards hMAO-A and hMAO-B through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. These findings suggest that fucoxanthin is a reversible competitive hMAO inhibitor that could be used to manage PD.</P>
Jung, H.A.,Jung, H.J.,Jeong, H.Y.,Kwon, H.J.,Ali, Md.Y.,Choi, J.S. Elsevier 2014 Fitoterapia Vol.92 No.-
The dramatic increase in obesity-related diseases emphasizes the need to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fat metabolism. Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation has been suggested to be an important strategy for preventing or treating obesity. In our previous study, we characterized an Ecklonia stolonifera extract and non-polar fractions thereof, including dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. We showed that these fractions inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid formation/accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as assessed by Oil Red O staining. As part of our ongoing search for anti-obesity agents derived from E. stolonifera, in this work, we characterized five known phlorotannins, including phloroglucinol, eckol, dieckol, dioxinodehydroeckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol A, all of which were isolated from the active ethyl acetate fraction of E. stolonifera. We determined the chemical structures of these phlorotannins through comparisons of published nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. Furthermore, we screened these phlorotannins for their abilities to inhibit adipogenesis over a range of concentrations (12.5-100μM). Of these five phlorotannins, phloroglucinol, eckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol A significantly concentration-dependently inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells without affecting cell viability. In addition, the five isolated phlorotannins also significantly reduced the expression levels of several adipocyte marker genes, including proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), although they did so to different extents. These results suggest that the molecular weight of a phlorotannin is an important factor affecting its ability to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and modulate the expression levels of adipocyte marker genes.
Jung, H.A.,Ali, Md.Y.,Jung, H.J.,Jeong, H.O.,Chung, H.Y.,Choi, J.S. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.191 No.-
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Semen Cassiae has been traditionally used as an herbal remedy for liver, eye, and acute inflammatory diseases. Recent pharmacological reports have indicated that Cassiae semen has neuroprotective effects, attributable to its anti-inflammatory actions, in ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. Aim of the study: The basic goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-AD activities of C. obtusifolia and its major constituents. Previously, the extract of C. obtusifolia seeds, was reported to have memory enhancing properties and anti-AD activity to ameliorate amyloid β-induced synaptic dysfunction. However, the responsible components of C. obtusifolia seeds in an AD are currently still unknown. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of C. obtusifolia and its constituents against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) enzyme activity. Materials and methods: In vitro cholinesterase enzyme assays by using AChE, BChE, and BACE1 were performed. We also scrutinized the potentials of Cassiae semen active component as BACE1 inhibitors via enzyme kinetics and molecular docking simulation. Results: In vitro enzyme assays demonstrated that C. obtusifolia and its major constituents have promising inhibitory potential against AChE, BChE, and BACE1. All Cassiae semen constituents exhibited potent inhibitory activities against AChE and BACE1 with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 6.29-109@?g/mL and 0.94-190@?g/mL, whereas alaternin, questin, and toralactone gentiobioside exhibited significant inhibitory activities against BChE with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 113.10-137.74@?g/mL. Kinetic study revealed that alaternin noncompetitively inhibited, whereas cassiaside and emodin showed mixed-type inhibition against BACE1. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation results demonstrated that hydroxyl group of alaternin and emodin tightly interacted with the active site residues of BACE1 and their relevant binding energies (-6.62 and -6.89kcal/mol), indicating a higher affinity and tighter binding capacity of these compounds for the active site of BACE1. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest the potential of C. obtusifolia and its major constituents for use in the development of therapeutic or preventive agents for AD, especially through inhibition of AChE, BChE and BACE1 activities.
Jungha Yun,Ee Kyung Kim,Seung Han Shin,Han Suk Kim,Jin A Lee,김은선,Hye Jeong Jin 대한신생아학회 2018 Neonatal medicine Vol.25 No.4
Purpose: We aim to assess the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), Adaptive Behavior (AB) and Social-Emotional (SE) scales at 18 to 24 months of corrected age (CA) to examine their associations with school-age cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children born preterm. Methods: Eighty-eight infants born with a very low birth weight (<1,500 g) or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from 2008 to 2009 were included. Of the 88 children who completed school-age tests at 6 to 8 years of age, 37 were assessed using the Bayley-III, including the AB and SE scales, at 18 to 24 months of CA. Correlation, cross-tabulation, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to assess the longitudinal associations. Results: A significant association was observed between communication scores on the Bayley-III AB scale at 18 to 24 months of CA and the Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (K-WISC) full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at school age (r=0.531). The total behavior problem scores of the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) at school age were significantly negatively related to the Bayley-III SE and AB scales but not to the cognitive, language, or motor scales. Conclusion: Our findings encourage AB and SE assessments during the toddler stage and have important implications for the early identification of children in need of intervention and the establishment of guidelines for follow-up with high-risk infants.
Observation on Change of Physico-chemical Properties of Rock under Freezing-Thawing Experiment
( Junghae Choi ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Near the site where rocks are weathered by the freezing and thawing mechanism, both groundwater and surface water can be contaminated by the specific dissolved chemical species. In particular, there are many places where there is pollution for this reason in the mine area. To reduce these types of water pollution, it is necessary to investigate the effect of weathering by the freezing and thawing mechanism on how much the rock is weathered and what types of chemical species are created from the weathering. It is a general tendency that the physical conditions of a surface are changed by the freezing and thawing, and the void of rock increases on the weathered surface due to the chemical dissolution of the mineral. In this study, we used rock samples from the mine area and separated two types of samples, which were andesite and tuff. The changes of the physical properties of the rocks were observed by physical properties analysis, and the variation of chemical species in the used solution was analyzed by chemical analysis methods, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), after freezing and thawing experiments. As a result, the porosity and the dry density of the rock samples showed a tiny change during the experiment. In terms of the chemical change, it was observed that the change of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and the concentration of species varied greatly with the progress of freezing and thawing cycle.
Trends and Changes of Maternal Age at Live Birth and Related Statistics in Korea (1981-2019)
( Jungha Yun ),( Se-hyung Son ),( Chong-woo Bae ) 대한주산의학회 2021 Perinatology Vol.32 No.2
Objective: To investigate the changing trends of maternal age at birth in Korea over the past 40 years and related statistics to identify the aging trend. Methods: Population and birth statistics between 1981 and 2019 were obtained from the Statistics Korea. Birth data including total number of births, crude birth rate (CBR), total fertility rate (TFR), and maternal statistics including women's first marriage age, number of women of childbearing potential, distribution of maternal age at birth, maternal age by birth order, and birth weight by maternal age were reviewed. Results: There was a decrease in the total number of births, CBR and TFR. The average age of women at first marriage increased from 23.2 to 30.6 years and the number of women of childbearing potential decreased from 17.6 million to 15.86 million. The number of advanced maternal age women increased from 3.9% to 33.4% and the number of newborns born to advanced maternal age mothers increased threefold from 33 thousands to 100 thousands. The proportion of low-birth weight infants by maternal age increased among mothers under the age of 20 and mothers of advanced maternal age. Conclusion: We found significant trends in low birth rate, decreased number of women of childbearing potential, later first marriage age and increasing maternal age over 40 years in Korea. In terms of perinatal management, this study intended to provide basic data, aiming at overcoming a rising trend in low birth rate and advanced maternal age.
A New Decoding and Cell Selection Method for a PoRAM Sensing
Jungha Kim,Seunghyeok Choi,Sangsun Lee 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
This paper propose a new decoding method and cell selection method using the switch for a PoRAM cell. The designed row-decoder operated as a 2- stage pre-decoder, and a master/salve D-F/F was inserted at the end of the decoder to eliminate glitch noise. The newly column-decoder structure is the same row-decoder but selected line applied low voltage. And MOS-switches are attached to the input port of each memory cell to select the proper line. The method generates the voltage drop of the selected cell that cell current flows to the sense amplifier input. This switch controls cell selection and current path for the memory cell sensing.