The Effects of Electronic Commerce on the Freight Transport Industry

Yang,Jung Ho 한국무역상무학회 2008 貿易商務硏究 Vol.40 No.-

This paper investigates changing business transaction under the e-commerce environment and their implications on freight transport industry with some case studies. It shows that an efficient and reliable delivery system is essential for e-commerce as business industries are faced with the stricter and more diversified demands of customer, In addition, many aspects of business practices such as small batch. customized production and just-in-time distribution in the e-commerce environment, in turn, bring about a number of changes in the volume and service patterns of freight transport. E-commerce requires longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies. It also entails to a certain extent a modal shift towards truck and air freight transport modes. On the on hand. the logistical requirements of e-commerce goods may stimulate greater complexity in existing supply chain management, causing higher costs. However it is true that the increased visibility of goods through more efficient information flow allows more efficient and effective transport management in the logistics system.

공동주택내 이산화질소(NO2) 및 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs) 노출에 따른 건강 위해성 평가

Jung,Soon-Won,Yang,Won-Ho,Son,Bu-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Indoor air quality has become a topic of interest and concern. Especially changes in construction design and the increased use of synthetic products may result in an increasing of complaints and health effects about the quality of indoor air at home. In this study, nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) within new and established apartments on the basis of 4 years of building year were measured every 3 days consecutively during 60 days. We selected each 10 house in Seoul, Asan and Daegu, respectively, and produced risk numbers for hazard quotients, and predicted increases in incidence of cancer. The calculations were made for the adult with default exposure values and also made for a worst case scenario using Monte-Carlo simulation as describing the reasonable exposure(RME). Mean of Monte carlo analysis by benzene, in the construction under 4 years (male: 9.2105, female: 1.0×104) and over 4years (male: 6.8×105, female: 8.3×105) exceeded 106 of permitted standards in US EPA, RME of Monte carlo analysis. In construction under 4 years (male: 9.9×103, female: 9.6×103) and over 4years (male: 9.8×103, female: 7.8×103) exceeded 104 of maximum permitted standards in US EPA. The hazard index of non-carcinogenic pollutants by nitrogen dioxide, toluene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene, both male and female in apartment constructed under 4 years and over 4 years was found less than the permitted standards of hazardous health effects in CTE. Significant cancer risks and non-cancer hazard quotients were predicted in under 4 years of building year.

노인 스트레스 반응에 관한 연구

하양숙,서현미,유수정 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2000 정신간호학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The main objectives of this study were to analyse the stress response and so as to provide basic data to develop stress managing nursing intervention program for elderly. The subjects were 350 elders over 65 years old who lives in Seoul. Kwang-Ju. Yang-Ju Gun Kyung-ki Do, Ui-Jung Bu, and Young-Am Kun, Jeun-Ra Nam Do. And the data of 331 elders(94%) were analyzed. Symptoms of stress(SOS) scale which used to measure the stress response for elderly and cronbach's α of the scale is .9495 on this study. Data were collected between January and March in 1996 and analyzed using the SPSS Win 8.o. The result are as follows: 1. The total mean of the stress response for elderly was 1.04 which is higher than other adult groups. The range of means on 10 subscales of stress response were .77-.1.45, which the subscale of central nervous system was the highest and peripheral symptoms was the lowest 2. There was significant difference in the stress response among sex, age, pocket money, living with spouse or son, disease or not, perceived health status. The above findings indicated the stress response in higher tan adult group and plausibility of the adopting stress managing nursing intervention for elderly. There should be further studies developing the stress response scale according to characteristics of stress for elderly. In addition, considering results of this study family is very important factor as managing of stress response, so it is needed to consider family in implementary nursing intervention program to manage stress response.

김정한 문학에 나타난 식민 지배 정책 연구 - 희곡 「隣家誌」를 중심으로

양정임(Yang Jung-Im) 동남어문학회 2006 동남어문논집 Vol.21 No.-

  The play is primarily written to be performed. It should draw audience"s attention and first of all, being a purpose play, it has to have some facts that instigate people at that point in time[Japan"s 1910-1945 colonial rule of Korea], but Ingaji didn"t fulfill the necessary conditions and of course, it couldn"t be performed.<BR>  It was the fact that there was a cause of discord in that book. Yosan speaking the reason why he gave up writing by himself, he didn"t say anything about his books after 1940. But during that time, he wrote some books including Ingaji. That is the first cause that brings some misunderstandings, and secondly, Ingaji was published in Chunchu protected by Japan. In the third place, there are two sentences that arouse some disputes in Ingaji, because they make the whole context confused. The two sentences seem to be artificial and incoherent. When we find out characters" personality and context flow, it can be also assumed that Ingaji has resistance awareness by using a roundabout writing skill otherwise.<BR>  As a result, there are no elements that answered the colonial policies of Japan in Ingaji. It was focused on marriage problem between adolescentboys and girls and was a literary work that merely reflected writer"s opinion in opposition to the colonial policies of Japan.

이청준 문학에서 동화의 의미 연구

양정임(Yang Jung Im) 동남어문학회 2015 동남어문논집 Vol.1 No.40

현재 이청준의 동화에 대한 연구가 거의 전무하다. 이러한 현상에는 그의 인생 말년에 동화가 발표되기 시작했으므로 체계적인 연구가 이루어지기에는 좀 더 시간이 필요한 까닭도 있을 것이다. 본고는 이청준 동화 연구의 필요성으로부터 출발한다. 본 연구의 목적은 이청준의 문학세계에서 동화의 의미를 고찰하고 문학적 의의를 조명해보는 데 있다. 이청준이 그의 인생 말년에 발표한 동화의 의미를 고찰하기 위해, 작품에 깃든 동심성의 의미를 중심으로 조밀하게 분석해 보았다. 첫째, 이청준 동화는 고향회귀로의 글쓰기 방법을 추구하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 특히 『동백꽃 누님』에서 누이로 상징되는 동백꽃은, 비바람에 노출된 아이의 모든 것을 고스란히 품어주는 아늑한 ‘고향’의 이미지로 그려지고 있다. 이 작품에서 주인공 준영이가 누이에 대해 갖는 아릿한 아픔, 애틋한 그리움은, ‘동백꽃-누이(어머니)-고향’으로 연결된다. 작품 속에 그려진 이 회로는, 인간이 동경하는 노스탤지어의 감성으로 재구성된 ‘고향’임을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 이청준 동화에 그려진 죽음을 앞둔 노인들의 모습은, 살아남은 자가 ‘삶의 축복’을 염원하며 올리는 제의적 성격을 담고 있다. 노인의 종생에 대한 공통적 의미는, ‘청정한 동심’ 즉, ‘시원’으로서의 의미를 지니고 있다. 시원으로의 동경은 곧 제의의 목적과 닿아 있다. 경전에서 말하고 있는 ‘제의’의 목적은 “살아남은 자가 삶의 축복”을 염원하는 것이요, “시원으로 돌아가는 것”이다. 그래서 작가는 생의 마지막을 ‘축제’로 비유하고 있다. 셋째, 인문주의자가 지닌 갈등의 극한을 동심으로 승화시켜 담아내고 있다. 이청준이 그의 소설에서 보여주었던 ‘언어’에 대한 회의와 갈등은 동화로 재구성되고 있다. 『인문주의자 무소작 씨의 종생 기』와 「사심이 베어든 글씨」는 글쓰기를 업으로 삼고 있는 인물들의 갈등과 고뇌를 다룬 작품이다. 이청준의 『잃어버린 말을 찾아서-언어사회학 서설』에서 시작된 글쟁이로서의 길 찾기는, 그의 인생 말년에 동화라는 장르를 통해 다시 시작되고 있다. 이청준이 새로운 종생의 길을 위해 나선 글쟁이로서의 노정은 “새 고향”으로의 길을 닦는 작업이었다. 본 연구를 통해 이청준이 글쟁이로서의 삶에서 얻은 상처를 치유하고자 그의 인생 말년에 선택한 것이 동화였음을 알 수 있다. 피비린내 나는 역사적 상흔과 생존의 경쟁에서 오염된 삶의 고뇌를 또 다른 글쓰기 방법인 ‘동화’를 통해, 그가 말한 “새로운 길 찾기”를 시도해 보려했던 것이다. 그가 말한 새로운 길 찾기란 작가로서의 정체성에 대한 물음이며, 이 시대 문학의 정체성에 대한 물음이다. 그리고 이 물음은 이 시대 인문학자들의 과제로 부여되고 있다. Yang, Jung-im, 2015. The meaning of a children’s story research in literature Lee cheong jun/ Writing ways around. Dongnam Journal of Korean Language & Literature 40. Currently there is no research on Lee cheong jun a creation children’s story. This research aims to study the meaning of a children’s story in Lee cheong-jun literature. In this research through the writing process of writers consider the hearts of children source. First, Lee cheong- jun a children’s story is pursuing a writing method as a one's return home. This symbol is the sister of camellia flower have a meaning of home. Second, It looks painted on the children’s tale of the old people is the ancestral worship has meaning and desire to raise the blessed life. Work for the source in the show's dream will soon reach the proposed of the memorial service. Third, The extreme humanism of the conflict who are having to put out sublimated into a children’s tale. In Lee cheong jun literature through the study, children’s story source can be seen that the child's mind of the Lee gee sources said.

균여전 소재 향가의 차자 표기 독법 검토 -고려시대 『용감수경(龍龕手鏡)』 한자음의 음운론적 특징을 중심으로-

김양진 ( Yang Jin Kim ),황국정 ( Kuk Jung Hwang ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2013 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.24

이 논문의 목적은 균여향가에만 보이는 차자 ``留, 兮``의 정확한 음가를 추정해 보고자 하는 데 있다. 이 글자들은 기존의 해독을 따라 광운이나 당시 중고음의 음가 추정으로는 분명하게 그 음가를 추정하기 어렵다. 이에 본고는 균여향가의 차자 표기들이 신라 향가와는 다른 표기의 차이가 있음을 전제로 하고, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 우선 『균여전』 편찬에 연루되어 있는 혁련정의 언어 인식도 균여 향가의 차자 표기법을 이해하는 데 고려의 대상으로 넣어야 한다고 생각했다. 따라서 『균여전』의 편찬 배경을 둘러싼 여러 사료들을 검토하고 특히 혁련정에 대한 기록을 검토해 봄으로써 균여향가의 차자 표기법에 대해 기존의 시각과는 다른 측면에서 균여 향가를 읽을 가능성을 제시하였다. 또한 거란의 음운서인 『龍龕手鏡』을 검토해 봄으로써 균여향가의 차자 표기가 용감수경 한자음과 일련의 관계가 있을 가능성에 대해서도 고찰해 보았다. 『龍龕手鏡』은 한자의 음을 ``__反, 俗__反, 正__反, 俗__音, 正音, 今音`` 등으로 표시하고 있다. 본고는 이렇게 표시된 한자음을 모두 뽑아내어서 반절자들의 음을 정리하는데 주력했다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 『균여전』 소재 향가에서만 보이는 ``留, 兮``의 차자 표기가 『용감수경(龍龕手鏡) 』과 같은 대장경 계통의 불경 자전들의 영향을 받았을 가능성에 대해서 논의했다. This paper aims to examine different reading method of ``留, 兮`` some borrowed characters of Hyang Ga, which have been extant only in Kyunyo Chon. It is difficult to make out correct pronunciation of ``留, 兮`` particularly because they are present nowhere else than in Kyunyo Chon. First of all, considering that there exist differences in writing between Hyang Ga`s expression system and that of Shilla Hyang Ga, we propose Hyukryun Jung`s linguistic findings on the writing system of Kyunyo Chon to take also into consideration. We confirmed that Hyukryun Jung went to Yo(遼) Danasty during the historical period of Koryo dynasty. We also found that 留 could be pronounced as [ro], 兮 as [i] etc., in the Yong Gam Su Gyoung(龍龕手鏡). In Conclusion, we discuss on the possibility of seeing borrowing characters of ``留, 兮`` of Hyang Ga as having been influenced by Buddhist scriptures of Dae Jang Gyong.

서울·경기지역 병원직원의 혈액매개 감염노출에 대한 다기관 조사연구

박미라,김정은,박은숙,최정실,정선영,송영구,홍성관,김준명,허애정,양동규,조영주 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

위암 환자의 복강내 투여를 위한 Activated Charcoal-Alginate Bead 제형으로부터 Mitomycin C의 용출 거동

이진호,최선웅,서중기,김동민,정경수,오정연,김진향,노승무,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,강대영,송규상,양준묵,조준식,정현용,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Locoregional recurrence is the most common type of recurrence in surgical operation of gastric adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal dissemination is one of the most difficult problems in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma treatment. Because the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of the first recurrence after gastric cancer resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems a logical choice for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, Mitomycin C (MMC)-activated charcoal (CH)-alginate (ALG) beads were prepared by the mixtures of CH particles adsorbed with MMC as an anti-cancer drug and aqueous alginate solution. The alginate is recognized as biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible. The release of MMC from the beads in 0.1 M Tris buffer was stable and continuous until about 1 week. The MMC-CH-ALG beads can be applied in the peritoneal cavity for intraperitoneal chemotherapy since they provide a good adhesiveness on the tissue and controlled release pattern of the drugs.

8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석

강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

위의 유암종과 선종의 병발 1례

장재식,강혁주,이중현,서영범,윤병구,김용섭,이구,서정일,양창헌,이창우,김정란,윤환중 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

유암종은 전신에 퍼져 잇는 장크롬친화성 세포에서 기원하는데 위의 유암종은 비교적 드문 질환으로 모든 유암종의 1.9~2.2%에 해당하며 위에 발생하는 종양의 1% 미만에서 보고되고 있다. 유암종은 일반적으로 증상이 비특이적이고 면역조직화학검사에 의해서 진단되기 때문에 과거에는 드물게 발견되었으나 최근 내시경 기기 및 술기의 발전과 검사 빈도의 증가 및 면역조직화학검사의 발달로 진단율이 증가 추세에 있으며, 드물지만 유암종에서 선암과 공존하는 예들이 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 심와부 동통을 주소로 내원한 70세 남자 환자의 상부위장관내시경 검사에서 위체상부의 대만곡에서 0.4×0.4 cm 크기의 중간 함몰을 가진 Yamada 1형의 용종과 함께 전정부의 전벽에서 0.8×0.5 cm 크기의 융기된 점막 소견을 보여 조직학적으로 각각 위유암종 및 위선종임을 확진한 후 내시경적 용종 절제술로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Carcinoid tumors are arisen from enterochromaffin cells, which are scattered throughout the body. These tumors are composed of variable numbers of cells that contain endocrine granules in their cytoplasm, which can be identified by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Gastric carcinoid tumors are relatively rare tumor, the reported incidence being 1.9~2.2% of all carcinoid tumors and less than 1% of all gastric tumors. Sometimes, composite carcinoid tumors and adenocarcinoma is reported. We experienced a case of the coincidence of carcinoid tumor and adenoma at the other site of the stomach in a 70 year old male patient. Gastrofiberscope showed 0.4×0.4 cm sized Yamada type I polyp with central depression on the greater curvature of the proximal body and 0.8×0.5 cm sized focal slightly elevated mucosa on the anterior wall of the antrum. The endoscopic biopsy specimens revealed carcinoid tumor and tubular adenoma with moderate atypism, respectively. The carcinoid tumor and adenoma were removed by endoscopic polypectomy. According to the follow-up gastrofiberoscopy after 7 month later, both lesions were nearly normal mucosa except whitish atrophic change after polypectomy.