셰익스피어의 한국수용(2) -1962년~1979년까지

신정옥 ( Jung Ok Shin ) 한국드라마학회 2006 드라마연구 Vol.- No.24

The decades of the 1960s and 70s form the second phase of Korean acceptance of Shakespeare and this paper attempts to survey the Shakespeare studies of this phase in the areas of literature and drama, and within universities. Shakespeare was first introduced as a heroic figure, philosopher, and statesman, but by this time, he recovered his true persona was approached as a literary figure, playwright, and dramatist. Korea during this period was emerging out of an upheaval resulting from the liberation from the Japanese occupation and Korean War. However, the seed of Shakespeare studies was germinated and energetically nurtured at this time. Shin-hyup produced Shakespeare`s tragedies and their effort no doubt facilitated the Shakespeare acceptance and the rebirth of theater movement. As the public gained better understanding of Shakespeare, Shakespeare scholars and publishers embarked on translating Shakespeare for further understanding. Jung-eum-sa in 1964 published the first complete translation of Shakespeare`s works in 4 volumes, a monumental feat in the Shakespeare studies in Korea. The Jung-eum-sa`s translation was participated by 19 scholars, including Choi Jung-woo, Han No-dan, Kim Kap-soon, Kim Joo-hyun, Oh Wha-sup, Lee Jong-soo, Yoh Suk-kee, and Lee Chang-bae. Whye-moon Publishing House, on the other hand, published Kim Jae-nam`s 5 volume translation of complete Shakespeare. In 1964, all of the Shakespeare`s works were translated. During the 1970s, Eul-yoo Books published the paperback editions of Shakespeare translation and his works were included in collections and anthologies. Then the younger generation got in the act of translation and they added a fresh perspective to the Shakespeare studies. Starting with Choi Jae-suh, Hamlet has been translated by 50 times, different people and remains to be the most frequently translated work It is followed by Romeo and Juliet, 39 times, Othello, 29 times, Macbeth, 27 times, and King Lear, 26 times. Among the comedies, The Merchant of Venice tops the list with 30 translations, different translations, then comes The Tempest, 12 times, A Midsummer Night`s Dream, 10 times and The Taming of the Shrew, 9 times. As shown in this statistics, tragedies predominate comedies. The decade of the 1970s saw the generational shift in research activities: the old generation gave way to the newly emerging generation of scholars and the Shakespeare studies rapidly flourished. What distinguished me modern drama was its emphasis on me vivid depiction of everyday reality and it gave birth to me little theater movement. In the Western world, the movement began at the end of the 18th century and in the beginning of the 19th century. In Korea, it began in 1920 when the Theater Art Association was formed, and during the 1950s me Theatre Libre and the Drama Production Association were organized. Then the college drama movement ensued. Soon, Won-gak-sa joined in the movement and scheduled dramas as part of its regular programs. The year 1962 is very important in the history of Korean theaters: the Drama Center, an all exclusive drama theater and the very first of its kind, opened its door. The opening of the Drama Center was the culmination of the Korean little theater movement and the fulfillment of Yoo Chi-jin`s life-long dreams. The opening production of the center was Hamlet. The play was produced and performed by Yoo Chi-jin, Lee Hae-rang, Kim Dong-won, Whang Jung-soon, and Jang Min-ho all living legends of the Korean theater and this production records as the first long-run performance in Korea. In 1964, the Korean theater had the Shakespeare quarter-centennial celebration, and six best known repertory theaters participated in the commemoration and 50,000 people came to see the performances. Shakespeare never had such attention before, and nor since. In addition to the professional theater groups, the student theaters have also made contribution to the spread of Shakespeare among the general public. As the cultural taste of the public got keener, the professional and student theater groups got better. Korea hasn`t had a Shakespeare drama group and there is not one yet. However, between 1970 and 1980 the London Shakespeare Group visited Korea four times and set an example for true professionalism and rendered a model process for the Shakespeare production. Domestic professional theater groups have also contributed to the development of the Shakespeare production and they included the Drama Center, Sil-hum Theater, Drama Troupe Ka-gyo, and Hyun-dae Theater. The student theater groups have also contributed to the development of Shakespeare`s dramas and their contribution should be attributed to the concerted efforts between professors and students. On the wave of the theatrical rebirth in the 1960s, the number of student dramas increased. During the second phase of Shakespeare`s rooting in Korea, student groups staged 85 productions while the professional groups performed 54 times. The quality of the student dramas may not be up to that of the professional groups, but the sheer number indicates the contribution the student dramas had made to the rebirth and solid establishment of the theater arts. In 1959 Joong-ang University established Drama and Film Department and soon after other universities followed suit, and since then, dramas have been studied within the university settings. Joong-ang University was in the forefront of Shakespeare productions and universities began to produce Shakespeare in English. These developments were professors` ways of teaching Shakespeare better. The History of English Dramas-the 70 Year Retrospective of English Drama Productions at Ewha University English Department(compiled by Kim Kap-soon) is the witness to the activities of the college theaters of the time. Student dramas are an integral part of the Korean theater and yet regrettably they cannot be fully covered here. Artistic expression is diverse. Dramas presuppose perform 이 논문은 1960년대와 1970년대에 셰익스피어의 한국수용과정을 수용 2기로 하여 문학적, 연극적, 학문적 분야로 나누어서 연구하는 것이다. 셰익스피어의 당초 수용은 위인으로, 경세가로, 철학자로 소개되기 시작하였으나 이미 그 계몽적 과정은 마감이 되었고 문학가로, 희곡작가로, 연극인으로서의 셰익스피어의 면모가 반영되는 발전적 단계에 돌입한 시대가 된 것이다. 그러나 일제시대 후반의 침체에서 벗어나고 해방을 맞이하고 6ㆍ25 한국전쟁의 대혼란을 맞이한 혼돈의 시대에 셰익스피어의 싹은 발아되고 정력적으로 육성되어 왔다. 그 무렵 신협의 셰익스피어 비극공연은 우리나라 셰익스피어 수용이나 연극부흥에 큰 공로로 인식될 것이다. 셰익스피어를 이해하는 인구가 증가함에 따라서 셰익스피어 학자나 출판사의 욕구는 작품의 번역출판에 대거 참여하게 되었다. 1964년에 정음사가 셰익스피어 전집 4권을 출간하였는데 셰익스피어의 전작품이 우리나라에 소개되는 기록이 되었고, 최정우, 한노단, 김갑순, 김주현, 오화섭, 이종수, 여석기, 이창배, 등 19명이 번역을 담당하였다. 그리고 휘문 출판사에서는 김재남 단독으로 번역하여 전집 5권이 출판되었다. 1964년은 우리나라에 셰익스피어의 전작품이 소개되는 한 해가 되었다. 1970년대는 문고본 시대로 접어들었으며 을유문고가 시작하였고 또한 선집이나 단행본으로도 출판이 계속되었다. 번역진도 중진 신진 그룹으로 신선미있게 교체되고 있었다. 최재서의〈햄릿〉을 포함해서 수용초부터 가장 많이 출판된 작품은 비극인 경우〈햄릿〉이 50회이고,〈로미오와 줄리엣〉이 39회이며,〈오셀로〉가 29회며,〈맥베스〉 27회,〈리어왕〉 26회였고, 희극인 경우〈베니스의 상인〉이 30회,〈태풍〉이 12회,〈한여름 밤의 꿈〉이 10회,〈말괄량이 길들이기〉 9회로 비극이 압도적이다. 셰익스피어의 번역진도 1970년대에 가서는 계속 세대교체가 되고 셰익스피어의 연구나 번역이 확대되었다. 근대극은 생생한 현실을 제시한다는 연극운동을 펼치며 소극장이 확산되었다. 서구에서는 18세기 말에서 19세기 초에, 우리나라는 1920년에 전개되었고 극예술협회가 시작이다. 1950년대에 떼아뜨르 리블, 제작극회 등 그리고 학생극으로 이어졌으며 원각사도 공연의 일부가 연극이었다. 1962년에 준공된 드라마센터는 진정한 소극장 운동의 결실이며 유치진의 평생소원인 연극전용극장이 탄생한 것이다. 우리나라 연극의 산 역사라 할 유치진, 이해랑, 김동원, 황정순, 장민호 등이 참여한 개관공연이 바로〈햄릿〉이었다. 이 공연은 우리나라에서 처음으로 최장기공연이 되었다. 1964년의 셰익스피어 탄생 400주 기념행사는 셰익스피어가 우리나라 연극사상 가장 각광을 받은 바가 되었다. 저명한 6개 직업극단이 참여하였으며 5만 여의 관객을 동원한 행사였다. 직업극단 외에 대학교의 셰익스피어 연극공연도 셰익스피어 수용의 보편화에 기여하였다. 국민문화의식의 향상에 힘입어 직업극단과 학생극의 공연도 발전적으로 향상하였다. 우리나라에는 셰익스피어의 작품만을 공연하는 전문직업극단이 없었고 지금도 없다. 그러나 1970년대에서 80년까지 런던 셰익스피어 그룹이 4회 내한 공연하여 전문극단의 전문성과 무대화 작업에 하나의 모델을 보여주었다. 국내의 직업극단들도 셰익스피어 극의 발전에 기여하였으니 드라마센터, 실험극장, 극단 가교, 현대극장 등을 꼽을 수가 있다. 셰익스피어의 연극발전에는 학생극의 공헌이 있다. 이는 지도교수와 학생간의 학문적, 예능적 교류의 성과다. 1960년대부터 연극중흥의 물결을 타고 대학극의 공연이 증가되었다. 셰익스피어의 한국수용 2기에 학생극 공연수가 85회니까 직업극단의 54회 보다 많으며 연극공연의 질에 차이가 있다고 하여도 연극중흥의 기반이 되는 것은 확실하다. 1959년 중앙대에 연극영화과가 설치된 것도 특기할 일이다. 대학에서 연극이 한 전공과목이 되었고 다른 대학에도 이 풍조가 파급이 되었다. 셰익스피어 공연은 중앙대가 단연 많았으며 셰익스피어의 원어 공연도 늘어났다. 이는 영문학과 교수들의 지도도 큰 몫을 했을 것이다. 『영어연극공연사-이대영문과 연극 70년을 돌아보며』(김갑순 엮음)의 기록은 그 사실을 입증한다. 학생극은 연극사의 주요한 부분이나 모든 대학의 실적을 기록하지 못했음은 서운한 일이다. 예술의 표현방식은 다양하다. 희곡은 공연을 전제로 한다. 공연무대는 종합예술이다. 그리고 관중이 있어야 한다. 희곡은 지금이나 100년 후나 동일성을 유지한다. 그러나 무대화되는 방식은 다양다종이다. 연극으로 가는 희곡의 수용도 다양하겠지만 가장 대표적인 것의 하나가 변용된 수용이다. 흔히 번안이라고 한다. 서구작가의 것은 찰스 마로윗츠의〈마로윗츠 햄릿〉이 있고, 외진이오네스꼬의〈막베뜨〉, 장 사르망의〈햄릿 다시 태어나다〉가 있다. 한국작가들의 것은 주로 민속화로 번안된 것이다.〈실수연발〉,〈오셀로〉,〈리어 왕〉,〈햄릿〉,〈십이야〉를 바탕으로 창작 또는 번안한 것이다. 최재서가 1963년에 발표한 『셰익스피어 예술론』은 우리나라의

임대아파트 장기수선 대체안 검토를 위한 CAFM 시스템 개발

정영한,박태근,김광우,김창덕,김옥규,황영삼,박홍석 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

In the case of rental apartment. the special Quality continuously preservation administration business consist and saves up Long-term Maintenance expense voluntarily. Because business surrounding that this can control preservation administration business whole is possible. administration of repair work is easy. Do system development that introduce technique for long-term strategy establishment in CAFM by purpose. Estimation of system to develop is as following: Can reduce time that take in LCC calculation because approach automatically to information of necessary facility in LCC calculation and know repair time as is easy. It is possible that execute selection of item that is examined in long-term maintenance plan as efficient and correct. Priority injection of budget by facility deteriorated degree is consisted preferentially using FCI.

봉지종류 및 괘대시기가 ‘원황’ 및 ‘화산’ 배 과실의 수확기 품질에 미치는 영향

정억근,이욱용,안영직,이혁재,황용수,천종필 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2

We tested fruits quality and skin coloration of two pear cultivar ‘Wonhwang’ and ‘Whasan’ produced by bagging with different kinds of paper bags in the Cheonan area, Chungnam Province, Korea. The fruits were bagged at 35, 45, 55 or 65 days after full bloom (DAFB) with 3 kinds of double layer paper bag which consisted of grey color, yellow color and newspaper for outer layer. The great extent of light interruption was observed in grey colored outer paperbag among three kinds of paperbag which showed only 0.46% of lowest light transmittance when compared with 43.7% and 40.0% of yellow paper and newspaper, respectively. The development of skin redness (a*) increased with the delay of bagging time in two pear cultivars. But the fruits treated at 65 DAFB showed uneven coloration and excessive development of redness which represented low fruit external appearance value. Uniform flesh firmness was attained at the fruits bagged with grey outer color paperbag regardless of bagging time, although the fruit quality indices including soluble solids and titratable acidity did not change significantly by using different kind of fruit bags and bagging time in two pear cultivar. Based on our results, it was explained that the grey-colored fruit bag had positive effect on the development of skin coloration without any detrimental effect on fruit quality factors in ‘Wonhwang’ and ‘Whasan’ pears.

중년층 비만여성에 적합한 오우버 블라우스 디자인에 관한 연구

정영아,김옥진 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 1993 生活科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

The aim of this study is to investigate overblouse design, which could conceal defects for physical characteristics and body types of fatty middle-aged women by the functional evaluation test for body type analysis and experimental design. Anthropometric measurement data for 296 women aged from 40 to 50, contained in ‘National Anthropometric Survey of Korea’published by korea Research Institute of Standard and science in 1992, were used to analyze body types of middle aged women. The scope of experimental design, with overblouse in the center, was classified by cloth form without respective to color and material and resulted in six types. Therefore, the design representing individual type and suitable to a fatty woman was selected one by one, and the kind of experimental design could be determinded by six collectively. The results obstained in this study are as follows: 1. Visual effect of upper arm revealed that upper arm looks most thick in type Ⅵ but Ⅵ but looks most thin in type Ⅲ. 2. The visual effect of bust revealed that bust looks small in type Ⅰ being in the form of letter 'H' but looks big in types Ⅴ and Ⅵ. 3. The visual effect of waist revealed that waist looks thin in types Ⅱ and Ⅲ and looks thick in type Ⅳ. 4. The visual effect of abdomen also revealed that abdomen looks big in types Ⅴ and Ⅵ having excess extra space in the part of abdomen and looks small in types Ⅱ and Ⅲ having rather small extra space in that of abdomen. 5. The visual effect of status revealed that the status looks short in the design contains stressed volume and horizontal cut-line. 6. The visual effects of fatness, silhouette and body proportion revealed that type Ⅱ had an major effect and type Ⅵ shaped letter 'A' had an minor effect.

응집과 흡착에 의한 음용수중 유해 중금속의 제거

옥치상,김정아,박미연 高神大學校 保健科學硏究所 1992 보건과학연구소보 Vol.2 No.-

Water added with humic acid(10㎎/L) and heavy metals(??, ??, ??, ??, ??) were investigated the advanced removal effects of heavy metals in drinking water by alum, ion exchange resin and activated carbon. Based on the results, the removal rates of heavy metals in optimum alum coagulation (5mg/L) were ??, 38.7%; ??, 35.5%; ??, 34.8%; ??, 19.7%; ??, 4.3%. And the removal effect series of heavy metals were ??, ?? for contact time 1hr in batch with ion exchange and ?? for filtration time 1hr in column packed with ion exchange, and ?? for contact time 1hr in batch with activated carbon and ??, ?? for filtration time 1hr in column packed with activated carbon. The removal of heavy metals by continuous treatment by column packed with ion exchange and activated carbon after alum coagulation were more increase than those of each treatment, was a marked increase as contact time was increased.

Memory 소자 응용을 위한 BST(Ba_xSr_1-_xTiO_3) 강유전체 박막과 전극과의 계면특성

정민재,조정희,홍석민,김호건,김옥경 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1997 工學技術論文集 Vol.6 No.1

BaxSr1-xTiO3 powders were prepared by changing stoichiometry of Ba and Sr. After they were calcined and sintered at 1,200℃ and 1,300℃ respectively, BST sputtering targets were made in 3inch mould. For MIM structure capacitors. Pt-based structures such as Pt/TiN/SiO2/Si, Pt/Ti/Si3N4/Si, Pt/SiO2/Si, Ru/SiO2/Si and Ru/Si3N4/Si were used for bottom electrodes, and subsequently, the BaxSrl-xTiO3 thin films were sputtered on them. After the analysis of their structures by XRD, Al was evaporated on the BST films for MIM capacitor. We found that the structures of the films showed good crystallinity above 550℃ from the results of XRD measurements. The largest dielectric constant of films was obtained with 0.7mol% of Ba. The electric properties of the capacitors were very good with Pt/TiN/SiO2/Si electrodes.

외국의 유해물질 배출목록 제도

정옥선 한국환경독성학회 1997 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.12 No.1

19세기 초 中人文學의 새로운 結集形態 : 溪社遺唾

정옥자 翰林大學校 泰東古典硏究所 1993 泰東古典硏究 Vol.10 No.-

부산, 경남지역 작업장 환경관리에 대한 노사간 인식도 조사 분석

옥치상,김정아 高神大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The study was done for the purpose of comparing the cognition between labours and masters for work-shop environmental management. The subjects consisted of 128 personnel who are in 64 work-shops in Kyung-Nam province and Pusan city. Data collection was done from July 18th to August 20th 1990, by means of a questionnaire. The analysis of data was done by use of t and x²-test. Based on results, the backgrounds of labours and masters in work-shops were different by age, sex and service period. And the composition was 53.2% in twenties labours and 50.8% in thirties masters. The cognition for environmental pollution was very high. The environmental education in work-shops was very low as 20-40%. So it was concluded that the most desirable work-shop environmental management is recommended the development and the enforcement of educational programs for hazardous prevention the removal of hazardous pollutants, physical examination etc., and the estabilishment of environmental department

남자 한복바지구성의 상징성 연구 : 圖式을 중심으로

정옥임,김경희 服飾文化學會 2003 服飾文化硏究 Vol.11 No.3

When analyzing fors in the human body and clothes, we conceptualize each part into a cone, sphere, and cylinder, and the esthetic characteristics of our fashion culture and esthetic fashion characteristics of Koreans are composed by expressing with universal images such as circle, square, and triangle when forms are expressed in a plane. To determine how the structural principle of shapes that are the shapes of all things and basic to geometry, i.e., circle, square, and triangle, applies to clothes that cloth our body called the small cosmos, we discussed the symbolic meaning hidden inside the structure of Korean clothes based on the basic pattern drafting method of Korean men's traditional trousers. We drew the conclusion that Korean men's trousers composed of circles, triangles, and squares express the five elements diagram through their plane structure, and designed in circles with cones and pyramids, and are made to well express the principle of the small cosmos of our body. Moreover, when the basic pattern of Korean men's trousers explained with the antipathy diagram is viewed to create all things while maintaining opposite and complementary relationship with sangsang (mutually benefitting factor), it would be correct to say that the principle of the top verse the bottom is viewed as conflicting. From the structural point of view, since the philosophy of the Samsu principle (the principle of 1,2 and 3 in which 1 represents the heaven, 2 represents the earth, and 3 represents the people) is hidden in Korean men's trousers in which Hurimalgi (the part of trousers corresponding to the waist band of Western pants) is the circle representing the heaven, Marupok is the square representing the earth, and Sapok is the triangle representing the people, we could look at deep meaning of our ancestors expressed in our clothes.