Paricalcitol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in proximal tubular cells through the prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP4

( Yu Ah Hong ),( Keum Jin Yang ),( So Young Jung ),( Yoon Kyung Chang ),( Cheol Whee Park ),( Chul Woo Yang ),( Suk Young Kim ),( Hyeon Seok Hwang ) 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.2

Background: Vitamin D is considered to exert a protective effect on various renal diseases but its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol attenuates inflammation and apoptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury through the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) receptor EP4. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with paricalcitol (2 ng/mL) for 1 hour and exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL). The effects of paricalcitol pretreatment in relation to an EP4 blockade using AH-23848 or EP4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were investigated. Results: The expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE₂, and EP4 were significantly increased in LPS-exposed HK-2 cells treated with paricalcitol compared with cells exposed to LPS only. Paricalcitol prevented cell death induced by LPS exposure, and the cotreatment of AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA offset these cell-protective effects. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were decreased and the phosphorylation of Akt was increased in LPS-exposed cells with paricalcitol treatment. AH-23848 or EP4 siRNA inhibited the suppressive effects of paricalcitol on p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of Akt. The production of proinflammatory cytokines and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells were attenuated by paricalcitol in LPS exposed HK-2 cells. The cotreatment with an EP4 antagonist abolished these anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Conclusion: EP4 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through Akt and NF-κB signaling after paricalcitol pretreatment in LPS-induced renal proximal tubule cell injury.

한국비서자격시험의 개선점과 비교연구

남자현,이미정,이미영,이아영,정해금,최유정,이미숙,전인선,정혜림 이화여자대학교 법정대학 비서학과 1997 비서학연구 Vol.- No.17

물건 들기 시 허리벨트 착용에 따른 하지와 허리의 근활성도 및 각도 비교

김민희,이정아,정도영,정민예 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic activities of the erector spinae muscle of the back and the rectus femoris muscle of the thigh, and to measure the angles of the spinal and knee flexions in order to determine the effect of wearing a back belt. Methods: Fifteen healthy males participated in the study. Surface electromyography was used to measure the level of muscle activities at the two muscle groups. The Simi system, utilizing two-dimensional analysis of movement, was used to examine the range of motion of the back and low extremity. Results: Firstly, the angle of the spinal flexion was significantly less in the back-belt-wearing group than in the control, and that of the knee flexion was significantly increased in the back-belt-wearing group. Secondly, there was no significant change in the electromyographic signals of the erector spinae muscle of the back and the rectus femoris muscle of the thigh. Conclusions: The use of back belts helps workers to correct their posture when lifting boxes. It can therefore protect workers from acute back injuries.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

In vivo study for the hemostatic efficacy and foreign body reaction of a new powder-type polysaccharide hemostatic agent

Yoonhyeong Byun,Eun Jin Kim,Areum Lee,Young-Ah Suh,Hee Ju Sohn,Jung Min Lee,Jae Seung Kang,Yoo Jin Choi,Youngmin Han,Hongbeom Kim,Wooil Kwon,Jin-Young Jang 대한외과학회 2022 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.102 No.2

Purpose: Various hemostatic agents have been introduced in therapy as postoperative bleeding is a poor prognostic factor for postoperative outcomes. These products can be divided into those that directly promote the hemostatic cascade and those that physically form a barrier by absorbing blood. The latter, powder-type hemostatic agents have the advantages of being inexpensive and more absorbable with less foreign body reactions (FBRs) and are applicable to a relatively wide area. This study was conducted to verify the safety and efficacy of a newly invented polysaccharide product (OOZFIX, Theracion Biomedical), which improves blood absorption and hemostatic effects. Methods: Two separate animal experiments were performed. The first evaluated FBRs histologically at 3 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, after implantation of OOZFIX in rats, and the second compared hemostatic performance of OOZFIX and Arista AH (Bard) in the porcine liver punch biopsy model. Results: We found minimal FBRs in the 3-day group and no reactions in both the 2-week and 4-week groups after implantation of hemostatic agents. The time to hemostasis of OOZFIX was not significantly different from that of Arista AH (median [interquartile range]: 9 [6–10] minutes vs. 8 [6–10] minutes, respectively; P = 0.522). When comparing the serial bleeding grade tendency, there was no statistical difference between OOZFIX and Arista AH (P = 0.656). Conclusion: OOZFIX caused a minimal FBR that disappeared within 2 weeks in vivo, and its hemostatic performance was comparable with that of an existing agent, Arista AH. Further clinical studies are required in the future.

법률구조활동과 여성변호사의 역할

천정아 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2014 이화젠더법학 Vol.6 No.2

국가 차원의 복지서비스가 발전하면서 법률구조 시장도 양적으로 증대하였다. 여기에 로스쿨 도입 이후 청년변호사의 대량 유입으로 법률구조 시장은 질적으로도 전문화, 세분화 되고 있다. 그러나 여전히 많은 사람들이 법률구조제도의 내용이나 구조 대상 및 방법 등을 잘 모르고 있으며, 심지어 법조인 중에도 법률구조의 절차나 관련기관 등을 알지 못하는 경우가 많다. 이에 필자는 법률구조활동을 꾸준히 해온 변호사로서, 법률구조의 개념과 역사, 외국의 법률구조 제도, 우리나라의 법률구조 수행기관과 각 기관별 법률구조 대상 및 절차 등을 상세하게 안내하고자 한다. 특히, 우리나라의 법률구조 수행기관 중, 법률구조 사업을 하는 대표적인 공공기관인 대한법률구조공단과, 민간기관이기는 하나 가장 오랜 기간 동안 법률구조의 선구적인 역할을 해 온 한국가정법률상담소, 역사는 짧지만 대한변호사협회의 주도로 설립되어 그 의미가 있는 대한변협법률구조재단 및 법률구조 중에서도 필자의 전문분야인 성폭력피해자 지원 사업만을 담당하는 한국성폭력위기센터에 관하여 상세히 서술하였다. 또한 현재까지 법률구조 시장은 상대적으로 남성변호사에 비하여 여성변호사의 활동 비중이 많은 점을 고려하여, 법률구조활동에 있어서 여성변호사의 역할도 살펴보았다. Recently, the legal aid market has not only expanded quantitatively as the governmental welfare services have been developed but also become specialized and fragmented qualitatively as there have emerged a large number of young attorneys since the law school system was introduced. Nevertheless, many people still do not know the legal aid system, its eligibility and process, etc. In many cases, even those in the legal profession do not know legal aid procedures or relevant institutions. Thus, being an attorney who has been steadily involved in legal aid services, the author introduces the concept and history of legal aid, foreign legal aid systems, Korean legal aid institutions, eligibility and procedures of legal aid for each of such institutions, etc. In particular, among the legal aid institutions in Korea, Korea Legal Aid Corporation (the major public institution for legal aid), Korea Legal Aid Center for Family Relations (the oldest institution, although private, which has played its role as a pioneer in legal aid), KBA Legal Aid Foundation (an institution having its meaning in being initiated by the Korean Bar Association, although it has a short history) and Korea Rape Crisis Center (an institution being in charge of, among legal aid services, only the support for victims of sexual violence, which is the author’s area of expertise) are described in details. Further, in light of a greater weight given to female attorneys compared to male attorneys for the involvement in the legal aid market so far, the roles of female attorneys in legal aid services are also discussed.

Helicobacter pyloir 양성 소화성 궤양에서 lansoprazole 포함 삼제요법의 제균율 및 제균판정에 있어서 요소호기검사의 유용성

정혜경,곽재진,유민아,배기선,권정미,이종수,김도영,문일환 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.3

목적 : 본 연구는 Helicobacter pylori (이하 H. polyri) 양성인 소화성 궤양 환자에서 lansoprazole 포함 삼제요법의 제균율을 알아보고, 제균 치료 후 제균 판정에 있어서 요소 호기 검사(Urea breath test, 이하 UBT) 및 신속요소분해(rapid urease test, 이하 RUT test)와의 일치율에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 상부위장관내시경 검사에서 H. polyri 양성인 소화성 궤양환자에서 lansoprazole 60㎎+amoxicillin 2g+clarithromycin 1g의 약제를 2회 분복하여 1주간 복용하는 삼제요법을 실시하였다. 최소 4주후 추적 상부위장관내시경을 실시하였고, 전정부와 체부에서 각각 RUT를 실시하였으며 UBT(5분, 20분)를 시행하였다. 결과 : 대상환자는 총 46명으로 남자 34명(48±13세), 여자 12명(53±14세)이었다. LAC 삼제요법의 제균율은 40/46명(87.0%)이었고, 궤양의 치유율도 42/46명(91.3%)이었다. RUT와 20분 UBT 결과가 모두 음성이었던 경우는 41예, 모두 양성이었던 경우는 4예로 RUT와 UBT는 97.8% (45/46)의 일치율을 보였고, 1예는 UBT는 음성이었으나 체부에서 시행한 RUT가 양성이었다. 5분 UBT 검사가 양성이었던 예는 14/34 (41.2%) 이었고, 이 14예 중 12예(85.7%)는 20분 UBT 검사 음성, RUT 음성이었다. 결론 : Lansoprazole과 amoxicillin, clarithromycin 1주일 병합요법은 H. polyri 양성인 소화성 궤양 환자에서 87.0%의 제균율을 나타내어 우수한 효과를 보였고, 요소호기검사는 제균 치료 후 제균 판정에 유용한 비침습적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. Background : There are only a few studies on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) for its eradication rates of lansoprazole-based triple therapy in Korea, and the results are controversial. Therefore, we undertook to investigate the eradication rate of lansoprazole-based triple therapy, and compare the concordance rate of urea breath test (UBT) and rapid urease test (RUT) in evaluating H. pylori eradication. Methods : Patients with acute peptic ulcer who were H. pylori-positive were recruited by prospective, consecutive manner. They received lansoprazole 30 ㎎ b.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and clarithromycin 500 ㎎ b.d. for 1 week. Upper endoscopy was performed after 4 weeks to check for ulcer healing, and UBT and RUT were performed to evaluate H. pylori eradication status. Results : A total of 46 patients were recruited, and they were all compliant. H. pylori eradication rate was 87.0% (40/46) and ulcer healing rate was 91.3% (42/46). Forty one patients showed negative in both UBT and RUT, and 4 patients revealed positive in both tests, therefore, the concordance rate of UBT and RUT was 97.8% (45/46). Conclusion : Our study showed that 1-week lansoprazole-based triple therapy was effective in H. pylori eradication and ulcer healing. UBT can be an effective, noninvasive method for evaluating H. pylori status after H. pylori eradication.

건축설계과정에서 나타나는 협업프로세스에 관한 연구 : 파빌리온 설계사례를 중심으로

김정훈,김소희,임병민,김진아,송정화,오건수 남서울대학교 2007 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.4

This study aims to deduce the effective collaborative process of architectural design process based on the specific pavilion design case. The study schematizes the collaborative procedure which is generated at the early stage of design process, analyzes the decision support system and suggests the method for reaching a compromise.Finally, this study suggested collaborative process method of architectural design and provided the basic concept that can be used for the similar projects. Keywords : Collaborative Design, Design Process

리더-구성원의 성별조합에 따른 LMX의 효과성 연구

강정애,김현아 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2005 아시아여성연구 Vol.44 No.2

본 연구는 리더의 성별에 대한 리더십 연구의 한계점을 인식하고 리더·구성원의 성별조합에 따른 리더십 효과성에 대해 연구하였다. 특히 리더·구성원의 신뢰를 바탕으로 한 수평적 상호관계와 구성원의 중요성을 인식한 LUX(Leader Member Exchange)이론을 기본으로 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 성별조합 중 남성 리더와 남성 구성원에서 LMX 효과성이 가장 높게 나타났으나 LMX 효과성의 하위요소 중 정서적 유대감, 공헌에서는 남성 리더와 여성 구성원이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 즉, 리더의 성별이 남성이라도 구성원의 성별에 따라 결과가 다르게 나타났다. 둘째, 리더·구성원의 성별조합에 따른 LMX 효과성의 차이에서는 조절변수인 조직풍토의 하위요소 중 자율성을 제외한 직위구조, 지원, 보상에서 여성 리더와의 조합일 때 높은 효과성을 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 LMX 효과성은 리더의 성별이 남성이나, 여성이냐의 차원이 아닌 구성원을 고려한 리더와 구성원의 성별조합의 차원에서 달리 나타난다는 발전적인 시사점을 주고 있다. This study was based on the recognition of the problems involved in the effectiveness research on the leadership classified according to their genders. In particular, the study employed Leader Member Exchange (LMX) theory. The research findings of the current study are as follows: First, the maximum LMX effectiveness was found between the male leader and the male subordinate. In the parts of psychological relationship and contribution among the four categories of the LMX effectiveness, the pair of the male leader and the female subordinate showed the lowest level of LMX effectiveness. Second, out of the four control variables present in the current study, three variables such as position structure, support system, compensation system were observed to be manifested in a higher level of effectiveness when the leader is female. Such research findings suggest that it is the combination of gender relationship between the leader and his or her subordinate that affects the level of effectiveness, rather than the gender itself of the leader.

아동간의 또래 괴롭힘과 학급 풍토와의 관계

김정효,김정아 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 아동간에 발생하는 또래 괴롭힘 현상의 중요한 변인을 학급 풍토로 보고, 이러한 학급 풍토 유형에 따라 학급 내에서 발생하는 또래 괴롭힘의 정도가 어떠한 차이를 보이는지, 각각의 학급 풍토의 구성 변인과 그 하위변인인 교사 변인과 학생변인이 각각 또래 괴롭힘과 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지를 알아보고자 했다. 이를 위해 초등학교 6학년 11학급 408명을 연구의 대상으로 하여 질문지 조사를 실시한 결과, 1) 학급풍토에 따라 괴롭힘 정도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 2) 학급 풍토 유형과 또래 괴롭힘 정도와의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과, 자율적 풍토와 친교적 풍토의 학급은 또래 괴롭힘 정도에 낮은 상관관계를 보이며 통치적으로 유의미한 부적 상관이 있었다. 그러나, 통제적 풍토와 또래 괴롭힘 정도간에는 상관이 없었다., 교사와 관련된 하위 변인과 또래 괴롭힘 정도와의 상관 관계에 있어서, 자율적 풍토의 교사의 행동 특성인 추진성과 친교적 풍토의 행동 특성인 사려성이, 또래 괴롭힘과 낮은 상관관계를 보이며 통계적으로 유의미한 부적 상관이 있었고 통제적 풍토를 형성하는 교사의 행동인 지시성과 또래 괴롭힘 정도는 낮은 상관지수를 보이며 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 또한 아동의 행동 특성은 또래 괴롭힘 정도와 유의미한 상관을 나타내지 않았다. The Relationships Between Peer Bullying and Classroom Climates The purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between peer bullying and elementary classroom climates. For this purpose, 408 students over 11 classes of 6th grade in the elementary schools were selected as samples for the study. The Organization Climate Description Questionare and the modified Peer Nomination Inventory were administered to the samples. The main results of the study were as follows; First, there is difference in the degree of peer bullying. between autonomous classroom climate and controlled classroom climate and also between controlled classroom climate and intimate classroom climate. Second, there is negative correlation between autonomous climate and peer bullying, and also between intimate climate and peer bullying. in a low level, althought no correlation is found between controlled climate and peer bullying. Third, there is statistically positive correlation between teacher-related subordinate factors of classroom climate and peer bullying although no correlation is found between the student-related subordinate factor and peer bullying.