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Hong, Jung-Pyo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1
Jung-Pyo Hong. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 162-171, 1999.-Stress caused the changes in the neural, vascular and immune system of the body. If stress is mild so as not to exceed the adaptability of the body to it, the homeostasis of the body is maintained. Otherwise psychological and physical disturbances of the body may occur, ample evidence suggests that stress causes apoptosis of the cells, inducing morphological and functional changes of the tissue as the result of tissue destruction. These disorders are also frequently observed in the orofacial region(dentistry), including not only such paychological oral lesions as Iichen planus and geographic tongue but stress-related diseases like temporomandibular disorder and xerostomia. It is, Therefore, possible that anti-stress medicines and stress-reliving activities may prevent and treat the psychosomatic disorders. In the study, we intended to check whether anti-depressant and anti-stress drugs such as Fluoxetine, Bunsimkium and Bohyulanshintang(oriental herbal medicine) can prevent pathologic changes of the salivary gland under the restraint condition. Seven-week old sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups.: Group Ⅰ, normal control;GroupⅡ,rats were under the restraint stress placed in the stress cages; GroupⅢ, rats were administrated Fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day), p.o., under the restraint stress; GroupⅣ,rats were administrated Bunsimkium, p.o., for 10 days before applying the restraint stress also.; Group Ⅴ,rats were administrated Bohyulanshintang, p.o., for 10 days before they were placed under the restraint stress. The rats were sacrificed at day 0,1,3,5,7 of the experiment. The submandibular glands of the rats were sampled immediately. The levels of clusterin protein and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northen blot analysis respectively. Our results were as follows. 1. Restraint stress induced apoptosis of the submandibular gland. 2. Restraint stress induced the expression of clusterin. The expression of clusterin reached the maximum level when the cellular apoptosis apparent and decreased after then. 3. Apoptosis was occurred on the acinar cells earlier than ductal cells by restraint stress. 4. In the Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, noremarkable difference of clusterin was found in between the normal control group and the Fluoxetine administrated-restraint stress group. 5. In Bunsimkium administrated-restraint stress group, apoposis was delayed. 6. In the Bohyulanshintang administered-restraint stress group, expression of clusterin increased with time and reached the maximum level at day 5 of the experiment and decreased after then. But apoptosis did not occurthrough all days of the experiment. The overall results suggenst that stress can induce pathologic changes in the salivary glands. By an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells form the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged as to exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. Administration of stress-relieving drugs such as Fluoxeting, BunsimKium and Bohyulanshintang may be useful in preventing and treating stress-related salivary glands diseases. Our results are thought to be useful to identify the mechanism of stress-related salivary gland diseases such as xerostomia. Hereafter, among the anti-stress medicines such as western medicine and traditional herb medicine, Bohyulanshintang with minimal side effect could be applied to effectively prevent and treat psychosomatic disease.
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표내숙,김정숙,표종현 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.18 No.1
This study prepared a questionnaire for the measurement of dancers' anxiety about dance performance, based on a similar questionnaire of sports competition anxiety developed by Smith et al.(1990). The questionnaire as prepared here contained question items for the measurement of dancers' anxiety, worry and distraction. The question items were applied to survey respectively 70, 50 and 62 dance students at colleges in Busan over three sessions. The validity of the questionnaire was verified through the exploratory factor analysis and by using Cronbach αcoefficient. Cronbach αcoefficients for the questionnaire developed in this study were found ,7650 for 'distraction', .6480 for 'anxiety' and .6305 for 'worry', suggesting that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring dancers' anxiety about dance performance. Data from th survey as above mentioned showed that dancers were different with each other in such anxiety according to their cognitive and physical senses of dance stage and performance. The data also showed that such psychological aspect of dancers was influenced by their dance experience, dance career and personality, a performance place, stage settings, the tempo of performance music and stage costumes. There were no differences among dancers in anxiety according to their dancer career. In other words, dance career itself had nothing to do with dancers' confidence in performance. Despite they obtain high skills of dance expression by repeating dance practice, dancers tend not to be able to use such skills to the utmost in actual performance due to stresses and strains under a changed situation. This may be referred to as control confusion by personal, psychological anxiety rather than as lack in technical dance skills. It may also be regarded as a psychological state of stage fright(state anxiety in dance performance) dancers face when they do not practice dance in a closed space but meet the audience on actual dance stages. In relation, it was reported that dancers with high trait anxiety were higher in stage anxiety scores during dance practice and during and after dance performance than those with low trait anxiety. Meanwhile, it was suggested that a form of the psychological test of dancers considering characteristic of stage performance should be developed and that cognitive concepts of dance be actively studied. In conclusion, dance performance should be made only after dance practice which ensures harmony between physical and psychological aspects. Now the researcher would survey dancers by using a questionnaire for the measurement of dance performance anxiety, whose validity is clearly verified, and modify and supplement the questionnaire to raise its reliability. The the researcher would conduct a more profound study about effects of such anxiety as mentioned above on dance performance.
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표내숙,김정숙,류민정,조대용 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2004 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.20 No.-
The purpose of this study was to confirm attention of questionnaire by analyzed whether question items are suited to stage performance anxiety and recognized validity of questionnaire about stage performance anxiety which is obtained with corrected the questionnaire to be appropriate to suit the subject based on sport competition anxiety scale by Smith, Smoll, and Schutz(1990).....
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박정수,정재열,홍진표,백기청,박영현,박종익 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4
Objectives : This study is designed to discuss the pros and cons related to the 'separation of drug prescription and dispensation' system when 5 years have passed by since the introduction of this system. Methods : The 592 psychiatrists from 1,107 working places took part in nationwide survey by mail or E-mail from June to September, 2005. The response rate was 23.8%, most of respondents came from private clinics. Results : The average age of psychiatrist was 44.6 years old, ranging from 25 to 75, most of them was predominantly male. The main results were as followings : 1) The ratio of psychiatric prescription out of hospital based on out-patients departments was the lowest in clinics, following by hospitals, general hospitals and university hospitals by order. 2) The main reasons of customer's preference for out of hospital prescription were economic advantage and self-awareness of prescription. As for the disliking for it, the most complaints were the anxiety about disclosure of psychiatric treatment, in convenience for delay and concern about drug change. Conclusion : Five years didn't seem to give a change on how the psychiatrists perceive the 'separation of drug prescription and dispensation' system at all. The confidentiality and human right issues on the part of psychiatric patients should never be ignored in order to manage this system successfully.
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이정표 한국직업능력개발원 2004 직업능력개발연구 Vol.7 No.1
The purpose of this paper were to analyse school-to-work transition process of Korean female youth by educational background. To accomplish this purpose, various theoretical approaches about school-to-work transition were examined and supplemented survey results of economically active young population conducting by Korea National Statistical Office in 2003 were analyzed. Generally, Korean youth have difficulties in the school-to-work transition according to the results. Female youth, also, have more difficulties and obstacles in the transition and they have differentiated transition pathways by educational background. It is important to make safety nets for female youth not entry into colleges and actively support to make their transitions work effectively. Young people at risk in terms of sex and educational background need to be given priority in policy and programmes of youth unemployment. 이 글은 우리 나라 청년층이 겪는 학교에서 직업세계로의 이행경로가 성별, 학력별로 어떻게 차별화되고 있는가를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 청년층의 이행 실태를 보다 분석적으로 접근하기 위하여 학교에서 직업세계로의 이행에 대한 이론적인 접근을 시도하고, 구체적인 실태 분석을 위하여 통계청에서 2003년 5월에 실시한 '경제활동인구 청년층 부가조사' 자료를 활용하였다. 청년층 부가조사 결과를 통해서 우리 나라 청년층의 학교에서 직업세계로의 이행은 전반적으로 원활하게 이루어지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 여성 청년층은 남성들에 비해 이행 경로에 있어서 더욱 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 학력 수준에 따라 차별적인 이행 경로를 거치는 것으로 나타났다. 여성 청년층의 학교에서 직업세계로의 이행을 성공적으로 지원하기 위해서는 기본적으로 여성 청년층이 남성들에 비해 가질 수 있는 제도적 장애요인을 제거해주는 것과 동시에, 대학 미진학 여성에 대한 제도적 지원이 적극 강구될 필요가 있다.
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김기표,최정식,변건식 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2004 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.12 No.1
Although, the GPS using for user location tracking has many advantages of chasing the target in a wide area, the GPS has defect as is isn't able to chase the location in doors or basements. To make up for it's defect, we need to use the UWB signal. The UWB has not a very wide bandwidth, but low signal level under noise level and it can pass through a wall. In this report, using the time delay we simulate indoor position tracking system to chase a user among people in a building when signal is in progress
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박정덕,김미정,최병선,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.2
The changes of cadmium(Cd) in plasma, whole blood, erythrocyte and urine in Sprangue-Dawley male rats exposed to intravenous singleinjection of 0.8 ㎎ CdCl₂/kg of body weight were investigated. Blood was taken at 0.5 to 672 hours, and 24 hour-urine was collected by using metabolic cage for the same period. The plasma level of Cd was reached to peak at 0.5 hour after injection and reduced rapidly in 1 hour. The Cd level in blood was the highest in plasma and the lowest in erythrocyte at 0.5 hour after injection. However, in one hour postinjection, the levels of Cd were higher in order of erythrocyte, whole blood and plasma, up to 4 weeks. The changes of urinary volume and creatinine were not significant between Cd-treated and saline-treated groups. However, urinary protein was slightly increased with time in Cd-treated group. Urinary Cd level was higher in Cd treated group than control. These results suggest that the measurement of Cd in erythrocyte and urine is valuable for the biological index to estimate recent Cd exposure.
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