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8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석
강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.
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低濃度 Cr-Mo 合金鋼에 있어서 熱 cycle 處理가 粒狀化에 미치는 高溫加工燒入의 影響
鄭炳琥,裵且憲 釜山工業大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.27 No.-
Low-concentration Cr-Mo steel was treated by repeated thermal-cycling below Ac?? temperature after hot work-quenching in order to investigate the effect of hot work-quenching on spheroidization of carbide by martensite decomposition and on their mechanical properties. The changes of the microstructure comparing with working degree and thermal cycle change, hardness and tensile strength were investigated after repeated thermal cycling. The experimental results obtained were as follows; (1) When the repeated thermal cycling treated after hot work-quenching, the spheroidization of carbide and the number of fine spherical carbide were enhanced with increasing the number of thermal cycle and working degree. But the rate of increase was more noticeable in the range of 20% working and 30thermal cycle, and the decreasing effect of the hardness and tensile-strength were also good in this ranges. (2) The size and distribution of precipitated carbide were finner and more uniform in hot work-quenched specimens and the spheroidization of carbides in the steel was more rapid. (3) The spheroidization of carbides with repeated thermal cycling treatment after hot work-quenching were represented over 90% due to the effect of alloying elements Cr, and Mo which accelerated the spheroidization rate and the increasing effect of internal crystal lattice defect which accelerated the rate of spheroidization of carbides.
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이병택,김해두,유정호 공주대학교 자원재활용 신소재 연구센터 1999 1차년도 센터 성과집 Vol.1999 No.-
반도체 폐 Si슬러지를 이용하여 질화반응 및 post-sintering을 통해 제조된 질화규소세라믹의 미세조직 및 기계적 특성을 광학현미경, SEM 및 XRD를 이용하여 연구하였다. 상당량의 SiO₂비정질상을 포함하는 폐 Si분말에서 많은 microcracka이 관찰되었다. 폐 슬러지를 사용한 Si 성형체의 질화율은 상용되고 있는 Si분말을 이용한 성형체의 값에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. 그러나 질화온도가 증가함에 따라 질화율은 증가하였으며 1470℃에서 질화율은 98%를 보였다. 반응소결체내에 존재하는 Si₁N₄의 결정은 α와 β상으로 혼재되어 있으며 상당량의 산질화규소상이 검출되었다. 1950℃에서 후처리된 시료의 최대파괴인성 및 파괴강도 값은 각각 5.6 MPa로 MPa로 H. C. Starcktk사의 Si을 이용한것에 비해 낮은 값을 보였으며 이는 산질화규소 형성에 기인된 것으로 사료된다. The microstructures and mechanical properties of Si₁N₄ceramics produced by nitridation and post-sintering using semiconductor-waster-SI sludge were investigated. Lots of microcracks were observed in the waste-Si powders which contained some amounts of amounts of amorphous SiO₂. The nitridation rate of waste-Si compacts showed lower value than that of commercial Si powder compacts. The nitridation rate was increased with increasing nitridation tempera ture and then the percent of nitridation at 1470℃ showed 98%. The phases of Si₁N₄in the reaction-bonded bodies were mixed wit αand β-type, and small amounts of Si₂N₂phase while those after post-sintering were β-Si₁N₄and α-Sialon. The sample post-sintered at 1950℃ showed the fracture toughness of 5.6 MPaㆍm1/2 and the fracture strength of 497 MPa which were lower than those of sintered body using commercial Si powder possibly dur to the for-mation of α-Sialon phase.
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이병택,유정호,김해두 공주대학교 자원재활용신소재지역협력센터 2000 2차년도 센터 사업 성과집 Vol.2000 No.1
반도체 폐 Si 슬러지를 이용하여 질화반응 및 post-sintering을 통해 제조된 질화규소세라믹의 미세조직 및 기계적 특성을 광학현미경, SEM 및 XRD를 이용하여 연구하였다. 상당량의 SiO2비정질상을 포함하는 폐 Si분말에서 많은 microcracks이 관찰되었다. 폐 슬러지를 사용한 Si 성형체의 질화율은 상용되고 있는 Si분말을 이용한 성형체의 값에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. 그러나 질화온도가 증가함에 따라 질화율은 증가하였으며 1470℃에서 질화율은 98%를 보였다. 반응소결체내에 존재하는 Si3N4의 결정은 α와 β상으로 혼재되어 있으며 상당량의 산질화규소상이 검출되었다. 1950℃에서 후처리된 시료의 최대파괴인성 및 파괴강도 값은 각각 5.6 MPa · m1/2과 497 MPa로 H. C. Starck사의 Si을 이용한 것에 비해 낮은 값을 보였으며 이는 산질화규소 형성에 기인된 것으로 사료된다 The microstructures and mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics produced by nitridation and post-sintering using semiconductor-waste-Si sludge were investigated. Lots of microcracks were observed in the waste-Si powders which contained some amounts of amorphous SiO2. The nitridation rate of waste-Si compacts showed lower value than that of commercial Si powder compacts. The nitridation rate was increased with increasing nitridation temperature and then the percent of nitridation at 1470℃ showed 98%. The phases of Si3N4 in the reaction-bonded bodies were mixed with α and β-type, and small amounts of Si2N2O phase while those after post-sintering were β-Si3N4 and O'-Sialon. The sample post-sintered at 1950℃ showed the fracture toughness of 5.6 MPa · m1/2 and the fracture strength of 497 MPa which were lower than those of sintered body using commercial Si powder possibly due to the formation of O'-Sialon phase.
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金楨化,崔友錫,朴秉昊 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1976 科學敎育硏究 Vol.2 No.-
Piaget and Inhelder figured in several Modules of the experimental results that the idea of Chance and Probaiblities was developed into the three stage graduatly. From seven or eight to eleven or twelve years of age, a second period is characterized by the construction of operative grouping of a logical order in primary school children. In this study the development of a Modules concerned with conception of Chance and Probababilities was compared the notion formation by school year, and difference degree between regional notion formation, relationship between examination results in science, relationship between basic concept formations. The sample population was 353 students of B primary school located in urban region, Jinju, 291 students of O primary school in farm region, Jin-yang County, and 304 students of N primary school in fishing region, Ha-Dong County from the first grade to the sixth grade. The selection of these samples occured of assigning ramdomized number to all students of population. Children were interviewed individual using tasks developed to reflect the Modules. The interview instruments were used differently by the grade to concept formation after the lesson. Answers acquired through interview tasks for formation or unformation were as follows: A+, A, A-, …average A (sufficieney: Formation) B+, B, B-, …average B (common: Transitivity) C+, C, C-, …average C (insufficiency: Unformation) The results acguired through analysis of data were as follows: 1) The concept formation level of Chance and Probabilities by the developed Modules tends to become half differs from the earlier finding of Piaget and Inhelder, beacause the interview instruments used that in this study differs from Inhelder and Piagetian materials. 2) The difference degrees between regional groups in the concpt formation level of Chance and Probabilities were as follows: _______________________________________________________________________ regional group/Answer(%) A(formation) B(transitivity) C(unformation) _______________________________________________________________________ Urban 54.74 29.77 15.99 Farm 28.03 34.52 37.45 Fishing 30.22 33.93 35.85 Average 37.66 32.57 29.76 _______________________________________________________________________ A comparision of the concept formation level in regional group showed that the cognitive development received higher in the urban school, but lower in the farm and fishing school. 3) The interrelationhip between examination results in science and the concept formation level of Chance and Probabilities has no relation in low grades (1, 2, 3 grade) grades, but favored the relation in high grades (4, 5, 6 grade)by using a Modules of Chance and Probabilities. 4) The interrelationship between basic concept formation and the concept formation of Chance and Probabilities showed that manipulative modules interacted to each child for each lesson, and who knows no law can know no lawlessness.
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Ferrite-Martensite 2相混合組織을 가진 Ni-Cr-Mo 鋼의 機械的 性質과 變形擧動에 響影을 미치는 因子에 관한 硏究
裵且憲,鄭炳琥 釜山工業大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.26 No.-
Effect of the intercritical annealing temperature(750~790℃), percent cold working on mechanical properties and the mechanical properties with change in orientation of deformation texture of Ni-Cr-Mo steels with Ferrite-Martensite mixtures were investigated. The observed mechanical properties are explained on the basis of the behaviors in microstructure. As the results, main results obtained are summerized as follows; It was found out that the lower volume fraction of martensite is and the higher up cold working ratio go, the better elongation is increased. That is due to the mean grain size decrease of martensite, the dispersion of martensite shape. As the results, the fracture surface exhibited a type of ductile fracture. Wheras in the case of specimen with deformation texture, UTS is decreased as a orientation of Ferrite-Martensite deformation texture to tensile axis is increased from 0°to 90°, in the orientation of 60 degree, it was increased somewhat but RA was remarkably smaller than that of 0°. In the orientation of 60 degree of deformation texture to tensile axis, fracture mode is a shear fracture in 45°plane, in the lower of that, fracture is a typical cup & cone, in the higher of that, fracture behavior shows transitional behavior from shear type fracture to cup & cone type fracture.
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최병호 ( Byong Ho Tchoe ),남상호 ( Sang Ho Nam ),신윤정 ( Yoon Jung Shin ) 한국보건행정학회 2004 보건행정학회지 Vol.14 No.2
This study estimates the determinants of national health expenditures of OECD countries using panel regression method. The data used are OECD Health Data(2003) covering 33 countries and from 1970 to 2001. This study shows several important different results compared to the previous studies. Further this study estimates the determinants of Korean case using data from 1977 to 2000, and compare with the results of OECD panel. The main findings are as follows. The income elasticity of health expenditures is estimated below 1.0, but is shown above 1.0 when the different health systems of each country are controlled. The women`s labor participation influences strongly positive effect on the health expenditures. The diffusion of new technologies is positively related with the increasing expense. The increasing government expenditures have a tendency not to contain health expenses, but to increase expenses. The expansion of public health insurance holders is containing the expenses, and the increasing number of doctors is pushing expenditures. This implies the health expenditures are influenced more by the induced demand of providers rather than the moral hazard of patients. However, the above result is opposite in Korean case. The existence of primary care doctors affects slightly up warding rather than containing expenditures. Finally the determinants are seriously depending upon which factors are included in the model and which statistical model is chosen. Therefore it must be cautious to interpret the results of statistical model.
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