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The normal electroretinogram in adult healthy Shih Tzu dogs using the HMsERG
June-sub Lee,Kyung-hee Kim,장하영,Bora Lee,Joon Young Kim,정순욱 대한수의학회 2009 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.10 No.3
Electroretinography (ERG) is a reliable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of retinal disease. It measures electric potentials occurring in the retina in response to light stimulation. In this study, we examined the normal electroretinogram using the Handheld Multispecies ERG (HMsERG) in Shih Tzu dogs. ERG recordings were performed in twelve eyes of six healthy Shih Tzu dogs. Dogs were anesthetized with a combination of medetomidine and ketamine. Proparacaine eye drops were also applied as a topical anesthetic. Tropicamide eye drops were applied for mydriasis. After 20 min of dark adaptation, we recorded the amplitudes and implicit times of the b-waves of the rod, standard rod and cone (Std R&C), highintensity rod and cone (Hi-int R&C), and cone systems, and responses of the cones and inner retina by flicker light stimulation (cone flicker). Results showed that mean the amplitudes of a-waves of Std R&C, Hi-int R&C, and the cone responses were 141.25 μV, 173.00 μV, and 12.92 μV, respectively. The b-waves of the rod responses ranged from 141.58 to 155.25 μV; the Std R&C was 314.75 μV, the Hi-int R&C was 329.42 μV, the cones were 37.75 μV, and the flicker responses were 64.08 μV. The b/a ratios for the Std R&C, Hi-int R&C, and the cone response were 2.29, 1.94, and 3.71, respectively. Mean implicit time of the a-wave of the Std R&C was 15.12 ms, of Hi-int R&C was 13.42 ms, and of the cone response was 7.22 ms. The b-wave of the rod responses ranged from 68.12 to 72.68 ms, of Std R&C were 37.28 ms, of Hi-int R&C were 41.90, of the cone responses were 38.12 ms, and of the cone flicker responses were 22.80 ms. We believe that these parameters can be used as reference “normal” ERGs ranges for Shih Tzu dogs using the HMsERG under medetomidine and ketamine anesthesia.
Effect of Arp2/3 Complex on Sperm Motility and Membrane Structure in Bovine
Lee, June-Sub,Park, Yoo-Jin,Kim, Jin,Rahman, Md. Saidur,Kwon, Woo-Sung,Yoon, Sung-Jae,You, Young-Ah,Pang, Myung-Geol The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2013 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.37 No.4
Sperm capacitation refers to polymerization of filamentous (F)-actin from globular (G)-actin. While the role of actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex in actin polymerization is well appreciated, the underlying mechanism(s) and its relationship with capacitation are poorly understood. Therefore, to evaluate the potential role of Arp2/3 complex on capacitation, bovine spermatozoa were incubated with multiple doses (1, 10 and $100{\mu}M$) of CK-636, an inhibitor of Arp2/3 complex with heparin. The cellular localization of the Arp2/3 complex in spermatozoa was identified by immunohistochemistry, whereas western blot was also applied to detect the protein tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins. Additionally, sperm motility and kinematic parameters were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. CK-636 resulted in significant changes in the ratio of Arp2/3 complex localization between acrosome and equatorial region of the spermatozoa. Short-term exposure of spermatozoa to $100{\mu}M$ of CK-636 significantly decreased sperm motility, however a non-detectable effect on protein tyrosine phosphorylation was observed during capacitation. On the basis of these results, we propose that Arp2/3 complex is associated with morphological changes during capacitation and compromised sperm motility.
선택적 환원 촉매(SCR)에서 배출가스 특성에 따른 NO<SUB>x</SUB> 변환효율 및 환원제(NH₃) 분사량 최적화에 관한 실험적 연구
오준석(June-Seok Oh),윤여빈(Yu-Bin Yoon),송춘섭(Chun-Sub Song),박영준(Young-Joon Park),이성욱(Seang-Wock Lee),조용석(Yong-Seok Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4
The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) system is potentially a highly-effective means of NOx reduction for diesel engine. Generally, SCR makes use of a reductant added to the exhaust gas that can be used for reacting NO and NO₂ to N₂. The reductant, ammonia(NH₃) generated from a liquid urea-water solution. De-NOx process in the SCR, the ideal ratio of NH₃ molecules to NOx molecules is 1:1 for high efficiency of NOx reduction. The SCR system has good NOx reduction performance in the temperature window of about 250 to 400℃, low space velocity also leads an increase of NOx reduction efficiency, due to long residence time in the catalyst. This paper reviews a laboratory study to evaluate the effects of NOx-NH₃ concentrations, gas temperature and space velocity on the NOx reduction efficiency of the SCR. The maximum reduction efficiency is indicated when the NH₃ to NOx ratio is 1.2 and the space velocity is 30,000 h?¹ in 300℃. However, under various exhaust conditions, NH₃ injection amount need to be controlled for a high NOx conversion efficiency because of reducing unnecessary NH₃ consumption. Based on results of the rig-test, this study suggests the control strategy of NH₃ injection for optimizing NOx reduction efficiency.
Choi, Yong-June,Kang, Kyung-Mun,Lee, Hong-Sub,Park, Hyung-Ho Elsevier 2015 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.583 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The structural, electrical, and optical properties of undoped ZnO, F-doped ZnO (ZnO:F), and Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films with two different thicknesses deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were investigated to evaluate the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE). A diluted fluoride hydroxide was used as a single reactant source for F doping in a ZnO matrix, and the F doping concentration was about 1at.% in the ZnO:F films. The fabrication of the ZnO:Al films was followed by the typical ALD method, and the Al doping concentration of about 2at.% was adjusted by the dopant deposition intervals of the ZnO:Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> precursor pulse cycle ratios, which were fixed at 19:1. The film thickness variations were controlled with 600 and 1600 total ALD cycles of approximately 100nm and 300nm, respectively. The carrier concentration of the films is monotonically increased in order of the undoped ZnO, ZnO:F, and ZnO:Al films. The EMI-SE values of the undoped ZnO, ZnO:F, and ZnO:Al films at 1GHz were 0.9dB, 2.6dB, and 6.0dB for ~100nm, and were 2.1dB, 9.7dB, and 13.1dB for ~300nm, respectively. In our work, the EMI-SE value was increased by the enhancement of both the carrier concentration and film thickness due to reflection via the free carrier scattering effect.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fluorine or aluminum doped ZnO thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition </LI> <LI> Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE) of ZnO thin films </LI> <LI> Carrier concentration and film thickness enhanced the EMI-SE. </LI> <LI> The enhancement of EMI-SE was due to reflection via free carrier scattering effect. </LI> </UL> </P>
Explaining Nondestructive Bond Stress Data From High-Temperature Testing of Au-Al Wire Bonds
McCracken, Michael James,Koda, Yusuke,Hyoung Joon Kim,Mayer, Michael,Persic, John,June Sub Hwang,Jeong-Tak Moon IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and ma Vol.3 No.12
<P>The application of an alternative method of bond monitoring during high-temperature aging is reported using a custom made test chip with piezoresistive integrated CMOS microsensors located around test bond pads. The sensor detects radial stresses originating from the bond pad and can resolve changes because of intermetallic compound (IMC) formation, voiding, or crack formation at the bond interface. Optimized Au ball bonds are aged for over 2000 h at 175 °C. It is found that stress sensors next to the bonds are capable of showing the stages of IMC growth, consumption of pad Al layers, and monitoring the formation of low-density and Al-rich IMC (AuAl<SUB>2</SUB>) which shows an advanced stage of aging. In particular, a first stress signal increase corresponds to the conversion of all Al above the diffusion barrier into IMCs. The second increase in stress signal after a period of stability corresponds to conversion of all Al below the barrier into IMCs. The IMC formation in these periods causes shear strength increase. After complete bond Al consumption, the bond, however, reaches maximum strength. As bond degradation starts, e.g., by lateral IMC formation, voiding, and oxide formation, as well as because of lateral pad Al transformation to IMC, the signal exhibits a strong decrease. The findings are corroborated by results obtained from classical methods such as interruptive or destructive testing including visual inspection, shear testing, cross sectioning, and by bond resistance monitoring.</P>
Loss of Stemness by Suppression of Kruppel-Like Factor 5 in Human Limbal Stem Cells
( Woo June Hur ),( Jun Sub Choi ),( Choun Ki Joo ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2011 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.8 No.2
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of endogenous Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in human limbal stem cells (hLSCs). The hLSCs were isolated from the corneoscleral rims of donors after corneal transplantation. Isolated cells were co-cultured with mitomycin-c (MMC)-treated fibroblasts. HLSCs were treated with siRNA directed against KLF5, and effects on stemness were analyzed using colony forming efficacy (CFE). ABCG2, OCT4 and P63 as markers of hLSCs, cytokeratin 3 (CK3) and E-cadherin as markers of differentiation were confirmed by RT-PCR, western blotting assay, immunocytochemistry. And corneal epithelialization of the limbal stem cells was confirmed by air-lift 3d-culture. The number of colony (larger than 1 mm in diameter) in KLF5 siRNA treated-group was observed lower than that of control groups (non-treated group and negative siRNA treated-group). And expression of PCNA, OCT4, ABCG2 and P63 were decreased by KLF5 siRNA treatment. On the other hand, expression of cyclin D1, CK3 and E-cadherin were increased in KLF5 siRNA treated-group. Additionally, the limbal stem cells with klf5 siRNA treatment had not formed multi-layers in air-lift 3d-culture. In this study, suppression of KLF5 expression in hLSCs induced the loss of their stemness. These results suggested that KLF5 is closely relative to proliferation and stemness of hLSCs in cornea.