최적 연료주입 모델 추종형 ${\mu}-$합성 제어기의 설계에 관한 연구

황현준,김동완,정호성,손무헌,김영훈,황기현,문경준,박준호,황창선,Hwang, Hyun-Joon,Kim, Dong-Wan,Jeong, Ho-Seong,Son, Mu-Hun,Kim, Yeung-Hun,Hwang, Gi-Hyun,Mun, Kyeong-Jun,Park, June-ho,Hwang, Chang-Sun 제어·로봇·시스템학회 1998 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.4 No.2

In this paper, we design an optimal model following ${\mu}-$synthesis control system for fuel-injection of diesel engine which has robust performance and satisfactory command tracking performance in spite of uncertainties of the system. To do this, we give gain and dynamics parameters to the weighting functions and apply genetic algorithm with reference model to the optimal determination of the weighting functions that are given by the D-K iteration method which can design ${\mu}-$synthesis controller in the state space. These weighting functions are optimized simultaneously in the search domain which guarantees the robust performance of the system. The ${\mu}-$synthesis control system for fuel-injection designed by the above method has not only the robust performance but also a better command tracking performance than those of the ${\mu}-$synthesis control system designed by trial-and-error method. The effectiveness of this ${\mu}-$synthesis control system for fuel-injection is verified by computer simulation.

Risk Assessment of 5-Chloro-2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One/2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One (CMIT/MIT) Used as a Preservative in Cosmetics

Kim, Min Kook,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kwon, Yong Chan,Kang, Ji Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

에버그린 시스템의 성능 평가

현무용,김명준 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2001 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.9 No.2

분산 어플리케이션이 일반화됨에 탁라 결함 허용 분산 컴퓨팅에 대한 요구가 중요한 쟁점이 되고 있다. 프로그램 개발자에 의한 결함 허용 응용 프로그램의 설계 및 구청은 상당히 복잡할 꽐만 아니라 오류 발생의 가능성을 내포하게 된다. 그러므로. 신뢰성 있는 분산 시스템 개발을 위한 프로그래밍 환경에 대한 요구가 급중하고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 참고문헌(1)에서 제안된 바 있는 에버그린 시스템의 성능을 평가하고자 한다. 에버그린 시스템은 RMI에 기반하고 체크포인트와 를백 복구 메커니즘을 채택한 결함 허움 분산 프로그래밍 환경이다. 실험을 위해, n-queens problem, traveling salesman problem, Gaussian elimination problem의 3가지 밴치마킹 모뗄을 에버그린 환정 하에서 구현한 뒤 그 성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과는 에버그린 시스템의 성능이 만족할 만한 수준임을 보여주었다. As distributed applications become more common. the need for the fault-tolerant distributed computing becomes more important. The design and implementation of fault tolerant distributed applications from scratch is often oomplicated and error-prone. Therefore. programming environments for reliable distributed systems are under great demand. In this paper, we evaluate the perFormance of Evergreen suggested in [1]. Evergreen is a fault-tolerant distributed programming environment based on RMI with checkpoints and rollback-recovery mechanism. Three benchmark models such as the n-Queens problem, the traveling stlesman problem and the Gauasian elimination Problem are experimented with the Evergreen to evaluate its Performance. Experiment's results show that its performance is acceptable.

C-단백 결핍에 의한 응고항진으로 발생한 폐동맥 혈전색전증

조준휘,박찬우,조병렬,최대희,조성준,이성호,황성오,안희철,안무업,서정열,유기철 대한응급의학회 2003 대한응급의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

A pulmonary thromboembolism usually results from a serious complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, several prothrombotic genetic risk factors are known to predispose a patient to thrombotic events, with manifestation at a young age. Protein C and S deficiencies are known to increase the risk of venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. We report a case of a young patient with protein C and S deficiencies suffering from a massive pulmonary thromboembolism.

高等學校 男·女 排球競技의 攻擊形態에 따른 成功率 比較 分析

박무철,최동준 安東大學 1998 安東大學 論文集 Vol.20 No.1

In order to find out the percentage of success or failure according to the types of attacks in women's and men's high-school volleyball players, the high-school volleyball teams participated in two tournaments became the subject of this study. One tournament was held in the spring of 1998. It was the national men's and women's volleyball divisions held under the auspices of the Korean junior high-school and high-school volleyball associations at the Jang Chung Stadium from March 28, to April 3, 1998. The men's high-school division included KyungGi Physical Education high-school, SooSung high-school, InHa University affiliated high-school, Chonnam University affiliated high school, and Women's high-school division included KangNeung women's high-school, ChungAng women's high school, SeHwa women's high-school, SinMyong women's high school. The other tournament was the 25th national men's and women's volleyball divisions held under the auspices of the Korean junior high-school and high-school volleyball associations in Pusan from June 5, to June 10, 1998. The men's high-school division included SungJi Technical high-school, MaSan JungAng high-school, Kyung buk Physical Education high-school, SooSung high-school, and Women's high -school division included DukMyong women's high-school, SeoMoon women's high-school, Masan Jeil women's high-school, Kyong buk women's business school. The result of the percentage of success or failure according to the types of attacks of men's and women's high-school volleyball players was as follows. 1. The analysis of the percentage of success or failure depends on all types of attacks. (1) Open spike : (M) Percentage of s or f 24.97%. (W) Percentage of s or f 26.94%. (2) Delayed spiking : (M) Percentage of s or f 15.86%. (W) Percentage of s or f 17. 82% (3) A quick : (M) Percentage of s or f 12.18%. (W) Percentage of s or f 6.30%. (4) Back open spike : (m) Percentage of s or f 9.20%. (w) Percentage of s or f 12.46%. (5) Feint : (m) Percentage of s or f 8.23%. (w) Percentage of s or f 8.84%. (6) C quick : (m) Percentage of s or f 7.09%. (w) Percentage of s or f 12.73%. (7) Back delayed spiking : (m) Percentage of s or f 6.13%. (w) Percentage 10.05%. (8) Back A quick : (m) Percentage of s or f 5.52%. (w) Percentage of s or f 1.07%. (9) Back Attack : (m) Percentage of s or f 5.25%. (w) Percentage of s or f 1.47%. (10) B quick : (m) Percentage of s or f 4.73%. (w) Percentage of s or f 1.87%. (11) Setup Play : (m) Percentage of s or f 0.78%. (w) Percentage of s or f 0.40%. 2. Women's high-school teams applied various types of attacks 1349 times, whereas men's high-school teams applied attacks 1711 times. The men's teams applied attacks more frequently than women's teams. The attack methods of the open spike took the highest percentage place. The men's high school teams applied it 426 times and women's teams applied it 367 times. The percentage of success or failure was 24.97% for men and 26.94% for women. The open spike showed the greatest amount of application. On the other hand, Setup Play showed the least attack, and was applied 89 times at men's high school teams and 5 times at women's. Moreover, it showed the least percentage of success or failure among all the types of attacks. 3. Men's high school teams showed a higher percentage of success or failure at attacks such as A quick, Back A quick, Setup Play, Back Attack, B quick more than women's high school teams. But, women's high school teams showed a higher percentage of success or failure at attacks such as the open spike, C quick, Delayed spiking, Back Delayed spiking, Back open spike Feint more than men's teams. I think it is necessary to train the stabilized and accurate service receive and the offensive ball receive. Also it is necessary to build up the power of players wrists and their quick swing. Men's high school teams should increase the percentage of success or failure at the types of attacks. The training of toss men requires improvement. Even though women's high school teams showed a higher percentage of success or failure at C quick and Back Delayed spiking than men's high school teams, women's high school teams did not have as many attack times as attack as men's high school teams. Because there were differences in the percentage of success or failure, women's high school teams were perceived to require cultivated training in improved response for quick offense. Moreover, women's high school teams had the lowest percentage of success or failure in Back attack due to physical condition, that is, height and physical strength problems. In conclusion, the highest percentage of success was attributed to intensive training of strong players who are both tall and have excellent jumping skills.

Malassezia sympodialis가 동정된 신생아 Malassezia 농포증 1예

김휘준,이무형,안규중 대한의진균학회 2001 대한의진균학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Neonatal Malassezia pustulosis can be defined as pustules on face and neck, age at onset younger than 1 month, isolation of Malassezia by direct microscopy in pustular material, elimination of other causes of neonatal pustuloses, and response to topical ketoconazole therapy. We report a case of neonatal Malassezia pustulosis in a 20-day-old male. Direct microscopic examination on smears for pustules showed forms of Malassezia yeasts and culture yielded Malassezia sympodialis. The lesions were remarkably improved by topical ketoconazole cream for 14 days. [Kor J Med Mycol 6(4): 229-231] Key Words: Neonatal Malassezia pustulosis

예능과 기본교육과정에 관한 연구 : 음악활동을 중심으로

박무준 국립특수교육원 2000 특수교육 교육과정 연구 Vol.1 No.-

이 연구는 제7차 기본교육과정과 유치원 및 초등학교 교육과정을 상호 비교·분석하고, 기본교육과정의 예능과 음악활동 교수·학습 방법 및 평가 방법을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 먼저 기본교육과정의 예능과 음악활동의 특징을 교과의 목표, 내용, 교수·학습 방법, 평가로 나누어 살펴본 후, 기본교육과정의 음악활동과 유치원 및 초등학교 교육과정의 음악 교과를 상호 비고·분석하였고, 기본교육과정의 예능과 음악활동 교수·학습지도 방법 및 바람직한 평가 방법에 대해 살펴보았다. 이 연구의 결론은 첫째, 전반적으로 볼 때, 기본교육과정과 유치원 및 초등학교 1∼2학년 교육과정간에는 교육의 목표, 내용, 교수·학습 방법, 평가 등의 영역에 있어 유사한 점이 많다는 것이다. 둘째, 예능과 음악활동의 교수·학습 지도를 할 때에는 발달지체 학생들이 직접 보고, 듣고, 만지고, 움직이고, 찾는 등 다양하고 적극적인 학습활동 경험을 할 수 있도록 충분한 기회를 제공하는 것이 필요하다는 것이다. 셋째, 예능과 음악활동을 평가할 때에는 대안적 평가를 다양하게 활용하여 학습 과정 및 결과뿐만 아니라 지각·표현·감상 활동을 균형있게 평가해야 한다는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the relations among the 7th special education curriculum(This is just for the students with developmental disabilities.) and the curriculum for the kindergarten and elementary school students, and to explore teaching-learning and assessment method of music. The feature of music curriculum were investigated according to subject's goals, contents, teaching-learning method and assessment, and the music curriculum for the students with development disabilities have been compared with the curriculum for the kindergarten and elementary school students. The results of this study are as follows: first, special education curriculum is very similar to the curriculum for the kindergarten and first and second grade students; seconds, when teaching music it is important for students to have diverse learning experiences; third, alternative assessments should be used to assess students' learning process and outcomes.

과학과 자석과 전기 영역의 수행 평가 방법 탐색

박무준 국립특수교육원 2001 특수교육 교육과정 연구 Vol.2 No.-

이 연구는 발달 장애 학생들의 과학과 평가에 어려움을 겪는 현장 교사들에게 다양한 과학과 수행 평가 방법을 예시 자료로 제시함으로써 기본 교육 과정의 과학과 평가 방법을 개선하는데 도움을 주기 위해 문헌 연구 중심으로 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 과학과 기본 교육 과정, 과학과 교사용 지도서 및 교과서의 내용과 수행 평가와 관련된 문헌의 검토·분석을 통하여 적절한 수행 평가 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 기본 교육 과정에 제시된 과학과의 교육 목표 및 내용 영역을 고려할 때, 발달 장애 학생들의 과학과 자석 및 전기 기구 영역의 학습을 평가할 때에는 관찰법, 면접법, 구술 시험, 지필 검사, 실기 시험 등과 같은 수행 평가 방법을 활용하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 평가 방법들을 복합적으로 활용하게 된다면 장애 학생들의 과학과 학습과정과 결과를 종합적이고도 체계적으로 파악할 수 있게 됨으로써 이들의 학업 수행을 촉진하고 학습을 개선하는데 기여할 것으로 생각된다. 이 연구와 관련된 후속 연구를 위해 첫째, 연구의 범위를 과학과 전 영역으로 확대하여 각 영역에 제시된 학습 목표와 학습 과제의 특성 및 학생들의 특성을 감안한 수행 평가 방법을 모색하는 것과 둘째, 발달 장애 학생들의 과학 학습을 평가하기 위해 포트폴리오법을 적용하는 방안을 연구할 필요성을 제언하였다. This study is conducted based on literature review for helping on developing the evaluation method of science of the 7th special education curriculum(this is just for the students with developmental disabilities). This study provided the example of various performance assessments of science to the teachers in the field who are difficulty in assessing science for the students with developmental disabilities. For this, a lot of research related to performance assessments, science text book, teacher's guide were reviewed and analyzed. The results of this study are like followings; when considering the content areas and educational goals with science presented in the 7th special education curriculum, it is considered appropriately to apply a self-improvement method like the ways on observation, interview, oral test, paper and pencil test, and performance-based assessment. If these methods are applied manifoldly, we come to understand science learning process and the results synthetically and systematically and contribute to promote school performance and improve learning.

국산 감잎으로부터 추출한 폴리페놀화합물군이 지질대사에 미치는 영향

백경연,손준호,박무희,성태수,최청 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2000 생명자원과 산업 Vol.4 No.-

한국산 감잎으로보터 polyphenol 화합물군을 분리 및 정제하여 5주간 고지방 식이를 한 후, 혈장 및 간장에서의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 혈장에서는 polyphenol 화합물군 Ⅱ에서 총지질, 총콜레스테롤이 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 또한 간장에서는 총지질, 중성지질이 대조군에 비해서 유의성 있는 결과가 나타났다. 5주 동안 고지방 식이를 한 후 분변을 채취하여 총지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지질을 측정한 결과 감잎에서 추출한 polyphenol 화합물 군이 고지방식이 만을 섭취 시킨 대조군에 비해 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 감잎 화합물군을 섭취시킨 후 총단백질과 알부민 함량을 측정한 결과 대조군과 실험군에서 유의성 있는 차이는 나타나지 않았다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the polyphenol fraction isolated from persimmon leaves on the reduction of fat accumulation in rats fed on hight fat diet for 5 weeks. It was to examine metabolism by analyzing biochemically the fat composition in serum was remarkably reduced in polyphenol fraction Ⅱ as compared with the control group. The liver was that the levels of total lipid and triglyceride was significantly lower than the control group. The contents of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in feces were tended to be slightly increase polyphenol fraction compounds compared to control group. In the total protein and albumin, all experimental groups were lower compared to control group, which were not significant.

피부로 전이된 방광암 1예

박정훈,김휘준,이무형,허충림 대한피부과학회 2003 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.41 No.1

Metastasis to the skin from the urinary bladder carcinoma are very rare and their incidence is 1 % to 2% of the cutaneous metastasis. A 78-year-old man developed cutaneous metastasis 2 years later after the diagnosis of carcinoma of the bladder had been made. He visited our department with skin colored, soft, tender, subcutaneous nodule on the lower abdomen which had been detected 5 days ago. Histologic examination of the skin lesion showed atypical cells having hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei. Herein we report a case of cutaneous metastasis from carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a 78-year-old man. (Korean J Dermatol 2003:41(1) : 133∼134)