Antispasmodic Effects of Junsibaekchul-San In Vivo and In vitro

Hur, Jin-Il,Byun, Joon-Seok,Kim, Dae-Jun The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2010 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.24 No.1

In Vivo and In vitro antispasmodic effects of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San, a Traditional Korean Polyherbal Medicineconsisted of 7 types of herbs were observed in the present study. To clarify the effects of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San, on accelerating small intestinal movement induced by the stimulation of cholinergic neurotransmission, we evaluated the effects of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San on In vivo carbachol (an acetylcholinergic agent)-accelerated mice small intestinal transit and on In vitro contractions induced by low-frequency electrostimulation, KCl, histamine or acetylcholine using isolated guinea pig ileum. To induce the acceleration of mice small intestinal transit, Carbachol 1 mg/kg was once subcutaneously dosed 15min before last administration of the test drugs. In the present study, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg or domperidone 20 mg/kg were orally pretreated on the carbachol-accelerated mice small intestinal transit once a day for 7 days and the small intestinal transit rateof activated charcoal powder were monitored. In vitro assays, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml or domperidone $2{\times}10^{-5}M$ were treated 10min before ileal contraction was induced by filed stimulation, acetylcholine, KCl and histamine, and the % changes of contractions were observed compared to the treatment of inducer alone. In spontaneous contraction, the % changes of contractions were observed compared to treatment of vehicle alone at 10min after Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San or domperidone treatment. The efficacy of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San was compared to those of domperidone. High concentration, 1 mg/ml of Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San was found to decrease the spontaneous contraction of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. In addition, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San decrease contractions induced by electrostimulation, acetylcholine, histamine and KCl in the isolated guinea-pig ileum. In addition, Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San effectively inhibited the accelerated small intestinal movement induced by carbachol stimulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in In vivo. Based on the results, although the exact molecular or action mechanism and which herbs or compound in Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San are responsible for actions, it was concluded that Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San normalization in the accelerated intestinal motility might be interfere with a variety of muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminic receptor activities or with the mobilization of calcium ions required for smooth muscle contraction non-specificly. Therefore, it is expected that Jun-Si-Baek-Chul-San will be promising as a prescription of clinical treatment of digestive tract disorders such as accelerated the motility of intestine, diarrhea or intestinal painful contractions.

東皐 李浚慶의 國政運營論 硏究

김준태(Kim, Jun-Tae) 한국동양철학회 2015 동양철학 Vol.0 No.43

This study aims to look into the theory of governance of Lee Jun-kyung who had been Yeongeuijeong (Premier of the Joseon Dynasty) through King Myeongjong and King Seonjo regimes. Lee Jun-kyung is a character with intellectual and political capabilities, who solved several challenges like overcoming the crisis of a political vacuum, evaluated as a leader who opened the so-called ‘Age of Politics by Sarim (Confucian Scholars).’ Based on his own recognition of the major philosophical concepts of Confucianism such as ‘Tian Ren He Yi (Heaven-man Unity)’ or ‘Zhonghe (The Golden Mean),’ Lee Jun-kyung postulated that the king should take the responsibility for the realization. He thought that the political chaos and crisis of the times, like the massacre of scholars was caused by the king’s lack of the cultivation of his own moral character. In other words, the king did not set his mind straight, and made wrong decisions. Thus, according to his judgment, in order to prevent such a calamity from recurring and allow stable governance, most of all, the king should cultivate his own moral character. Lee Jun-kyung emphasized ‘the acceptance of admonition’ because of that. Along with this, Lee Jun-kyung thought that Confucian scholars’ discussion about radical and excessive reform might throw the administration of state affairs into confusion and furthermore, cause a counteroffensive of impure forces. This is the reason why he took a position prioritizing stabilization on major political issues. In other words, political confrontation and conflict should be settled by proceeding step by step gradually, and variables that could cause risks should be prevented in advance. Thus, his argument means that it could bring complete success to affairs, even if it takes time. Lee Jun-kyung’s theory of governance like this marks ‘stability’ with a side dot. The king should cultivate his own moral character for the ‘stability’ of governance and should manage policies and reforms gradually also for ‘stability.’ This line may delay reforms and may cause missing the best time; however, it can exhibit a power to make the reforms have timeliness and minimize side effects on reality. 본고는 명종과 선조 대에 걸쳐 영의정을 지낸 동고 이준경의 국정운영론을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이준경은 학문과 정치적 역량을 겸비한 인물로, 권력 공백의 위기를 극복하는 등 여러 가지 난제들을 해결하고 소위 ‘사림정치의 시대’를 연 주역으로 평가받는다. 이준경은 ‘天人關係’나 ‘中和’와 같은 儒學의 주요한 철학적 개념들에 대한 나름의 인식을 바탕으로, 그 실현의 책임을 임금에게 상정했다. 그는 士禍 등 당시의 정치적 혼란과 위기의 책임이 임금의 수신이 부족한 데서 기인한다고 생각했다. 임금이 자신의 마음을 바로잡지 못했기 때문에 잘못된 결정을 내렸다는 것이다. 따라서 그러한 참화가 재발하지 않도록 하고 국정이 안정적으로 운영될 수 있도록 하기 위해서는, 무엇보다 임금이 수신에 힘써야 한다는 것이 그의 판단이다. 이준경이 納言을 강조한 것도 그래서이다. 아울러 이준경은 사림의 급진적이고 과격한 개혁 논의가 국정을 혼란에 빠트리고, 나아가 小人들의 역공을 유발할 수 있다고 생각했다. 문소전 배향, 삭훈, 붕당 등 주요 정치적 이슈들에 있어서 그가 안정 우선의 입장을 취한 이유이다. 점차적으로 단계를 밟아감으로써 정치적 대립과 알력을 해소하고, 위험을 일으킬 수 있는 변수들을 사전에 차단해야 한다는 것이다. 그래야 비록 시간이 걸리더라도 일을 온전히 성공시킬 수 있다는 것이 그의 주장이다. 이러한 이준경의 국정운영론은 安定에 방점이 찍혀있다. 군주가 수신을 해야 하는 이유도 국정의 ‘안정’을 위해서고, 정책이나 개혁을 점진적으로 운용해야 하는 것도 ‘안정’을 위해서인 것이다. 이러한 노선은 개혁을 지연시키고 자칫 最適期를 놓치게 할 우려도 있지만, 개혁이 시의성을 갖추고 현실에서의 부작용을 최소화하도록 하는 힘을 발휘할 수 있다.

Song Jun-gil's Neo-Confucianism

( Hong Jun ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2008 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.9

同春堂宋浚吉(1606―1672)是17 世紀韓國著名禮學家和政治家, 同時亦是朝鮮朝后期韓國性理學的主要代表人物之一。作爲栗谷先生的再傳弟子, 在韓國儒學史上他與同屬畿湖學派尤庵宋時烈(1607-1689)幷稱爲“兩宋”先生, 具有重要的歷史地位和影響。身爲畿湖學人他還與以退溪爲宗匠的嶺南學人保持密切聯系匯諸家之長形成了其頗具魅力的理論風格, 爲朝鮮朝禮學的形成和確立以及性理學說地發展做出了貢獻。本文以朱子、栗谷、同春先生思想之比較的視角, 對同春堂的理氣說、四端七情說、人心道心說進行了簡要論述。可以看出, 其在理氣槪念之規定上似有分判理氣二物爲過甚之感。但, 這與其推重理通氣局思想幷不産生矛盾。在四端七情理氣之發上, 他又特重栗谷“氣發理乘”說。不過, 若考慮在栗谷說中“理通氣局”說又往往與“氣發理乘”說相對而言的理路的話, 其在四端七情理氣之發問題上持“氣發理乘”之立場亦是其性理學理論內在要求的必然結果。在人心道心說方面其特点在于, 對朱子所講的實然之“心”的重視。 Dong Choon Dahng (Song Jun-gil, 1606-1672) was a famous Confucianist and politician in the Li Dynasty of Korean of the 17th century. As a direct disciple of Yulgok, Song Jun-gil, together with Song Si-yeol of Kiho Confucianism school, exalted as “Two song” had the important effect in the history. Song Jun-gil always got in touch with Youngnam school and had made his own special style of theory. He had made great contributions for the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Li Dynasty of Korean. In this paper, Song Jun-gil's Neo-Confucianism including the Theory of Li (principle) and Qi(material), four beginnings and the seven emotions ,human mind and Mind of Dao, was studied through comparing with the thought of Zhuxi and Yulgok. [Article in Chinese]

개선한 일회성 난수를 이용한 RFID 상호인증 프로토콜

윤은준(Eun-Jun Yoon),유기영(Kee-Young Yoo) 한국정보과학회 2009 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.36 No.2

2008년에 Kim-Jun은 의도하지 않은 정보의 누출로 인한 악의적인 공격들 및 범죄 악용 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 일회성 난수를 이용한 RFID 상호인증 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 보안성 분석을 통하여 Kim-Jun은 제안한 프로토콜이 재전송 공격을 포함한 다양한 공격들에 안전함을 증명하였다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 그들의 주장과는 달리 그들이 제안한 프로토콜이 여전히 재전송 공격에 취약함을 증명하며, 더 나아가 동일한 연산 효율성을 보장하며 재전송 공격을 막을 수 있는 간단히 개선된 일회성 난수 기반의 RFID 상호인증 프로토콜을 제안한다. In 2008, Kim-Jun proposed a RFID mutual authentication protocol using one-time random number that can withstand malicious attacks by the leakage of important information and resolve the criminal abuse problems. Through the security analysis, they claimed that the proposed protocol can withstand various security attacks including the replay attack. However, this paper demonstrates that Kim-Jun's RFID authentication protocol still insecure to the replay attack. In addition, this paper also proposes a simply improved RFID mutual authentication protocol using one-time random number which not only provides same computational efficiency, but also withstands the replay attack.

상수관망의 신뢰도 산정을 위한 개별 관의 파괴 확률을 고려한 상수관 파괴모의 기법

전환돈,Jun. Hwandon 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

상수관망의 신뢰도 산정은 상수관망의 정확한 운영상황을 파악하기 위해서 중요지만 널리 받아들여지는 상수관망의 신뢰도 산정을 위한 방법은 없다. 관파괴와 이에 따른 영향을 바탕으로 한 Jun 등이 제안한 모델은 상수관망의 운영주체에서 실질적으로 활용이 가능한 기법이다. 그러나, Jun 등의 모델에서는 각 관의 파괴확률을 같게 설정하여 관파괴 모의를 실시하였기 때문에 실제 상수관망에서 발생하는 관파괴 양상을 정확하게 반영하지 못하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 각각의 관별 파괴확률을 고려하여 관파괴 모의를 가능케 Jun 등의 모델을 개선하여 상수관망의 신뢰도를 산정할 수 있는 모델을 제안하였다. 각각의 관별 파괴확률을 관경과 관길이를 바탕으로 산정하는 회귀식을 이용하여 산정한 후 이를 상수관망 신뢰도 산정을 위한 관파괴 모의에 적용하였다. 제안된 모델을 실제 상수관망에 적용하여 Jun 등의 모델과 본 연구에서 제안된 모델에 의해 산정되는 상수관망의 신뢰도를 비교하였다. 비교 결과 개별 관의 관파괴 확률을 반드시 고려하여야만 정확한 상수관망의 신뢰도 산정이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. Estimation of the reliability of a Water Distribution System(WDS) is important to understand the current operating condition of the system. Although, there is no widely accepted method to estimate the reliability of a WDS, the Jun`s model which is based on the pipe failure simulation and its impact can be efficiently adopted for the purpose by the water utility. In the model, however, it is assumed that the pipe failure probability of each pipe is even and this assumption may bring unrealistic estimation of the reliability of a WDS since with this assumption, the actual pipe failure characteristics occurred in the WDS cannot be simulated. For this reason, in this study, we suggest a modified method of the Jun`s model to consider the individual pipe`s failure probability. The regression equation which is based on diameter and length of the pipe is used to estimate the failure probability of the individual pipe and then, the pipe failure simulation is performed. The suggested model is applied to a real WDS to compare the results of the two models. Comparing them, it is concluded that the failure probability of the individual pipe should be considered to estimate the accurate reliability of a WDS when it is estimated by the pipe failure simulation.

Quantitative Assay for the Binding of Jun-Fos Dimer and Activator Protein-1 Site

Yang, Chul Hak,Jun, Gyo,Lee, Dug Keun,Lee, Sang Kyou,Park, Se Yeon,Hahm, Eun Ryeong 생화학분자생물학회 1998 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.6

The Jun and Fos families of eukaryotic transcription factors form heterodimers capable of binding to their cognate DNA enhancer elements. We are interested in searching for inhibitors or antagonists of the binding of the Jun-Fos heterodimer to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. The basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of c-Fos was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, and allowed to form a heterodimer with the bZIP domain of c-Jun. The heterodimer was bound to glutathione-agarose, to which were added radiolabeled AP-1 nucleotides. After thorough washing, the gel-bound radioactivity was counted. The assay is faster than the conventional electrophoretic mobility shift assay because the gel electrophoresis step and the autoradiography step are eliminated. Moreover, the assay is very sensitive, allowing the detection of picomolar quantities of nucleotides, and is not affected by up to 50% dimethylsulfoxide, a solvent for hydrophobic inhibitors. Curcumin and dihydroguaiaretic acid, recently known inhibitors of Jun-Fos-DNA complex formation, were applied to this Jun-GST-fused Fos system and revealed to decrease the dimer-DNA binding.

Quantitative Assay for the Binding of Jun-Fos Dimer and Activator Protein-1 Site

Lee, Sang-Kyou,Park, Se-Yeon,Jun, Gyo,Hahm, Eun-Ryeong,Lee, Dug-Keun,Yang, Chul-Hak Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1999 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.32 No.6

The Jun and Fos families of eukaryotic transcription factors form heterodimers capable of binding to their cognate DNA enhancer elements. We are interested in searching for inhibitors or antagonists of the binding of the Jun-Fos heterodimer to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. The basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of c-Fos was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, and allowed to form a heterodimer with the bZIP domain of c-Jun. The heterodimer was bound to glutathione-agarose, to which were added radiolabeled AP-1 nucleotides. After thorough washing, the gel-bound radioactivity was counted. The assay is faster than the coventional electrophoretic mobility shift assay because the gel electrophoresis step and the autoradiography step are eliminated. Moreover, the assay is very sensitive, allowing the detection of picomolar quantities of nucleotides, and is not affected by up to 50% dimethylsulfoxide, a solvent for hydrophobic inhibitors. Curcumin and dihydroguaiaretic acid, recently known inhibitors of Jun-Fos-DNA complex formation, were applied to this Jun-GST-fused Fos system and revealed to decrease the dimer-DNA binding.

Quantitative Assay for the Binding of Jun-Fos Dimer and Activator Protein-1 Site

Yang,Chul-Hak,Jun,Gyo,Hahm,Eun-Ryeong,Lee,Sangkyou,Park,Seyeon,Lee,Dug-Keun The Korea Science and Technology Center 1999 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.6

The Jun and Fos families of eukaryotic transcription factors form heterodimers capable of binding to their cognate DNA enhancer elements. We are interested in searching for inhibitors or antagonists of the binding of the Jun-Fos heterodimer to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. The basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of c-Fos was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase, and allowed to form a heterodimer with the bZIP domain of c-Jun. The heterodimer was bound to glutathione-agarose, to which were added radiolabeled AP-1 uncleotides. After thorough washing, the gel-bound radioactivity was counted. The assay is faster than the coventional electrophoretic mobility shift assay because the gel electrophoresis step and the autoradiography step are eliminated. Moreover, the assay is very sensitive, allowing the detection of picomolar quantities of nucleotides, and is not affected by up to 50% dimethylsulfoxide, a solvent for hydrophobic inhibitors. Curcumin and dihydroguaiaretic acid, recently known inhibitors of Jun-Fos-DNA complex formation, were applied to this Jun-GST-fused Fos system and revealed to decrease the dimer-DNA binding.

論文(론문) : 조선의 名醫 유이태(劉以泰,劉爾泰) 연구

유철호 ( Chulho Yoo ),유원준 ( Won Jun Yoo ),차웅석 ( Wungseok Cha ),홍세영 ( Sae Young Hong ),김남일58 ( Nam Il Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2013 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objective: Two famous medical doctors, Yoo Itae(以泰, 爾泰) and Riu Euitae(義泰), have been well known in academic world and public in Sancheong-gun. Yoo Itae is the progenitor of Majinhak which is the therapy for measles, he wrote a “Majinpyun” as the first book of therapy for measles in Chosun. Riu Euitae, meanwhile, is a fictional medical doctor and a teacher of Heo Jun who became real without confirmation of historical truths by Roh Jeongwoo who heard about a name, Yoo Itae. Roh`s assertion was quoted in the report of literatures, papers, novel, and telecast without verification. His assertion is exposed in novel and media and it has seriously distorted the history. The purpose of this study is to rectify the historical distortion. Methods: Various references study was performed. Confirmed a family tree, birth and death year, birthplace, sepulture, words on a tombstone, writing, collections of works anthology and the existence of keepsake. Investigated records of royal family, Sancheong-gun papers, Sancheong Hyanggyo papers, Dongyuhagan, Chosun Hanryuseungram and the record of Sawoo Munjip(anthology). Analyzed Roh Jungwoo`s conversation that tells Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun and contents of an encyclopedia. Listened to testimony of descendants and assertions of historian in rural area. Verified voice recording on books taken from at birthplace and the space of activity. Results: Yoo Itae is well shown in various records and medical writing books, whereas Riu Euitae does not. Riu Euitae is not a real person in the history. Roh Jeongwoo who asserts Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun admits his mistake. But, the encyclopedia record describing Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun, government official at Sancheong district office, historians in rural area, historians in rural area who made a family shrine, gravestone, a statue, memorial, historic site of Riu Euitae on Jinju Rui could not suggest any evidences for the existence of Riu Euitae and for record Riu Euitae is a teacher of Heo Jun. Conclusion : Riu Euitae is neither a real person in the history nor a teacher of Heo Jun. Riu Euitae came from pronunciation confusion between ‘I’ and ‘Eui’ in Kyungsang province. Riu Euitae is Yoo Itae on Geochang Yoo who was a medical doctor of King, Sukjeong and wrote medical books including <Majinpyun>, <Silheomdanbang>, <Inseomungyunrog>.

품종별 감꽃 동결건조 분말의 유효성분 분석

김준한 ( Jun Han Kim ),박석희 ( Seok Hee Park ),문혜경 ( Hye Gyeong Mun ),이인선 ( In Seon Lee ),김종국 ( Jong Kuk Kim ) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2006 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.13 No.6

감 품종별(도근조생, 고종시, 갑주백목, 차랑, 월하시, 상주둥시)로 감꽃을 개화기에 채취하여 동결건조 분말화한 감꽃분말에 함유된 유효성분을 분석, 비교하였다. 조지방 함량은 도근조생이 57.26%로 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 유리당 조성은 fructose가 95~310 mg%, glucose는 75~281 mg%, sucrose가 7~28 mg%의 함유량을 나타내었고, 유기산 중 malic acid가 갑주백목(6월4일)에 225 mg%로 가장 많았고, tartaric acid도 189 mg%로 가장 많았다. 유리아미노산 중 hydroxy-L-proline은 월하시에 25.33 mg%, L-citrulline은 상주둥시(5월28일)가 58.83 mg%, L-threonine은 상주둥시(5월28일)가 11.88 mg%로 가장 많았다. 페놀산으로 caffeic acid는 갑주백목(6윌4일)이 1946 μg/100 g, phydroxybenzoic acid는 상주둥시(5월29일)가 417.8 μg/100 g, protocatechuic acid는 갑주백목(6월1일)이 181.1 μg/l00 g으로 가장 많았다. 따라서 감꽃에도 감이나 감잎에 못지않게 유용한 식품성분들과 기능성 성분들이 다량 함유되어 있어 새로운 식품 및 기능성 신소재로서의 가치가 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. This study was carried out to analyze useful components in freeze-dried persimmon flower powder made from six cultivars. The cultivars were Dogunjosang, Kojongsi, Kabjubaekmok, Chalang, Weolhasi and SangjuDungsi. Powder of persimmon flower was prepared by milling after freeze drying at -70℃. Crude lipid was the highest in Dogunjosang (57.26%). Major free sugars of the persimmon flowers were fructose (95~310 mg%), glucose (75~281 mg%)and sucrose (7~28 mg%). Major organic acids were malic acid (225 mg% in Kabjubaekmok (Jun. 4th)) and tartaric acid (189 mg% in Kabjubaekmok (Jun. 4th)). Predominant free amino acids were hydroxy-L-proline(25.33 mg% in Weolhasi), L-citrulline (58.83 mg% in SangjuDungsi (May 28th)) and L-threonine (11.88 mg% in SangjuDungsi (May 28th)). Major phenolic compounds in the persimmon flowers were caffeic acid (1,946 μg/100g in Kabjubaekmok (Jun. 4th)), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(418 μg/100g in SangjuDungsi (May 29th)) and protocatechuic acid(181 μg/100g in Kabjubaekmok(Jun. 1st)). The results suggest that persimmon flowers be potential materials as useful food ingredients.