http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Olli-Pekka Ryynänen,Timo Leppänen,Pekka Kekolahti,Esa Mervaala,Juha Töyräs 대한의료정보학회 2018 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mortality or serious cardiovascular events over a long period of time is not clearly understood. The aim of this observational study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on an outcome variable combining mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cerebrovascular insult (CVI) during a follow-up period of 15.5 years (186 ± 58 months). Methods: The data set consisted of 978 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5.0. One-third had used CPAP treatment. For the first time, a data-driven causal Bayesian network (DDBN) and a hypothesis-driven causal Bayesian network (HDBN) were used to investigate the effectiveness of CPAP. Results: In the DDBN, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and diuretic use were directly associated with the outcome variable. Sleep apnea parameters and CPAP treatment had no direct association with the outcome variable. In the HDBN, CPAP treatment showed an average improvement of 5.3 percentage points in the outcome. The greatest improvement was seen in patients aged ≤55 years. The effect of CPAP treatment was weaker in older patients (>55 years) and in patients with CHD. In CHF patients, CPAP treatment was associated with an increased risk of mortality, AMI, or CVI. Conclusions: The effectiveness of CPAP is modest in younger patients. Long-term effectiveness is limited in older patients and in patients with heart disease (CHD or CHF).
Elena Cretu,Maarit Karonen,Juha-Pekka Salminen,Cornelia Mircea,Adriana Trifan,Christiana Charalambous,Andreas I. Constantinou,Anca Miron 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.11
A crude hydromethanolic extract from Pinus brutia bark and its fractions (diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions) were studied with regard to their phenolic content and antioxidant activities. The total phenolics and proanthocyanidins in each extract were quantified by spectrophotometric methods; the polyphenolic profile was analyzed by RP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. All extracts were tested with regard to their ability to scavenge free radicals (ABTS radical cation, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals), reduce ferric ions, and inhibit 15-lipoxygenase. P. brutia bark extracts had high phenolic contents (303.79±7.34–448.90±1.39 mg/g). Except diethyl ether extract, all other extracts contained proanthocyanidins ranging from 225.79±3.94 to 250.40±1.44 mg/g. Several polyphenols were identified by RP-HPLC-DAD-ESIMS: taxifolin in diethyl ether extract, a taxifolin-O-hexoside, catechin, procyanidin dimers, and trimers in ethyl acetate extract. Except diethyl ether extract, all other extracts were effective scavengers of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals (EC50 = 33.5±1.1–54.93±2.85 lg/mL and 0.47±0.06–0.6±0.0 mg/mL, respectively). All extracts had noticeable 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory effects (EC50 = 22.47±0.75–34.43±2.25 lg/mL). We conclude that P. brutia bark is very promising for the dietary supplements industry due to its high free radical scavenging and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory effects.
Niina Tohmola,Jouni Ahtinen,Juha-Pekka Pitkänen,Ville Parviainen,Sakari Joenväärä,Mika Hautamäki,Peter Lindroos,Jarno Mäkinen,Risto Renkonen 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.2
We constructed a bioprocess environment enabling automatic sampling from a bioreactor combined with a compact on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) unit. This setup allowed us to measure extracellular glucose, ethanol, glycerol, and acetate concentrations automatically at 5 min intervals during the cultivation. This environment also provides mechanical measurement of the optical density (OD) of cells and enables us to collect and store (−35℃) samples for further off-line analyses. Among the available devices, the performance of the sampling-analysis unit is by far the best with regard to speed and number of analytes. Both the sampling and analysis phases are easily controlled by software; thus,providing a unique environment to perform various bioprocess activity tasks, whether they would be cell line screening or optimisation of conditions for growth and productivity. Complex research set-ups can be created and continuous automated measurements empower long-term cultivations with a time series. We provide evidence for the applicability of this environment by performing three comparable batch cultivations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and show that both the on-line sampling and analysis modes produce reliable data for further use in the monitoring and controlling of bioprocesses. On-line data provided new insight into the dynamics of the diauxic shift during aerobic glucose batch cultivation. When cell growth and carbon dioxide production ceased for the first time during the diauxic shift, acetate accumulation and consumption of the remaining glucose below 0.15 g/L continued to occur for 1 h. At the same time, glycerol and ethanol began to be consumed. Samples were also collected during cultivation for later analysis of intracellular metabolites and to collect more valuable information about metabolism.
Gerardo Gómez Millán,Sanna Hellsten,Alistair W.T. King,Juha-Pekka Pokki,Jordi Llorca,Herbert Sixta 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.72 No.-
Furfural (FUR) was produced from xylose using a biphasic batch reaction system. Water-immiscibleorganic solvents such as isophorone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether(CPME) were used to promptly extract FUR from the aqueous phase in order to avoid the degradation tohumins as largely as possible. The effect of time, temperature, organic solvent and organic-to-aqueousratio on xylose conversion and FUR yield were investigated in auto-catalyzed conditions. Experiments atthree temperatures (170, 190 and 210 C) were carried out in a stirred microwave-assisted batch reactor,which established the optimal conditions for achieving the highest FUR yield. The maximum FUR yieldsfrom xylose were 78 mol% when using CPME, 48 mol% using isophorone and 71 mol% in the case of 2-MTHF at an aqueous to organic phase ratio of 1:1 (v/v). Birch hydrolysate was also used to show the highfurfural yield that can be obtained in the biphasic system under optimized conditions. The present studysuggests that CPME can be used as a green and efficient extraction solvent for the conversion of xyloseinto furfural without salt addition.