Squalene Adjuvant를 이용한 단백질 항원의 세포성 면역반응 유도

도현주,김성열,안종성,하영주,이승찬,오재택,장명호,정홍석,문홍모,박해준 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

To investigate the role of adjuvant for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induction, squalene-based adjuvant was studied its capability eliciting to the induction of cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity to exogeneous proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as model proteins. It was demonstrated that antigen formulation consisted of metabolizable oil squalene mixed with Tween 80 and pluronic L121 (S/TJ121) could induced the antigen specific CTL responses and antibodies irrespective of immunization routes in mice. We also demonstrated that this antigen formulation was a inducer of CD8+, major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class I-restricted, and antigen-specific C;1'Ls. These data suggest that the squalene-based emulsion system is a potent adjuvant inducing cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity.

기획논문 : 무애 양주동의 『삼국유사』 향가 인식

김성주 ( Seong Ju Kim ) 한국불교사연구소 2014 한국불교사연구 Vol.5 No.-

무애 양주동이 『삼국유사』를 어떻게 인식하고 있었는지에 대해서 무애의 글 속에서 직접 찾기는 어렵다. 무애에게 사상적·인간적으로 큰 영향을 준 육당 최남선의 『삼국유사』에 대한 인식을 통해서 무애가 『삼국유사』를 어떻게 인식하고 있었는지를 간접적으로 알 수 있다. 무애는 향가를 우리 문학의 가장 오랜 유산으로 또 우리 문화와 사상의 현존 최고의 원류가 되는 것으로 파악하고 있으며, 『삼국유사』는 그런 귀중한 향가를 우리에게 전해 준 귀중한 문헌으로 파악하고 있다. 무애의 향가 해석은 새롭게 알려진 『삼국유사』 이본과의 교감을 통해서, 또 석독구결과 언해에서 알려진 사실에 의해서 수정될 부분이 있다. 특히 그 동안 서동요에서 ``卯乙``로 읽어온 부분이 ``卯``가 아니라 ``卵``이라는 사실과 향가의 ``音叱``는 ``의무/당위, 능력, 의지`` 등으로 해석되는 석독구결의 ``―□―``와 동일한 문법 형태이므로 무애가 ``音``을 상대높임법 ``―□―``로 파악한 것은 마땅히 수정되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 무애의 향가 해석 이후 지금까지 이루어진 향가 해석이 학문적으로 그렇게 발전하지 못했다고 볼 수 있다. 무애 이후의 향가 해석을 보면 무애의 해석과 사뭇 다른 해석이 많이 있으나 무애의 향가 해석과 의미가 완전히 다른 것으로 제시된 부분들은 대부분 그렇게 해석되는 근거가 무애가 제시한 근거에 비해서 그렇게 설득력 있어 보이지 않는다. 따라서 무애의 향가 해석은 해석이 이루어진 시대 상황을 감안하면 타의 추종을 불허하는 해석이라고 할 수 있으며, 현재 이루어진 국어학계의 논의를 받아들여 일부분을 수정한다면 무애의 향가 해석은 현재에도 여전히 유효하고 할 수 있다. It was difficult to find the evidence about how Muhae(无涯) Yang Ju-dong(梁柱東) evaluate Samkukyusa in his books. We could indirectly understand it through how Yukdang(六堂) Choi Nam-seon(崔南善), who had, ideologically and culturally, a major influence on him, had evaluated Samkukyusa. He considered Hyanggas, national songs in Silla, as the oldest inheritance of this literature and the highest basis of our culture and ideology. And he also understood Samkukyusa as a literature which handed down such valuable Hyanggas, which were written by the borrowed characters from China. It was true that there was his interpretation of Hyanggas in his Kogayeongu(『古歌硏究』), which had not been corrected by the grammar of Seokdokgugyeol or Eonhae, the Korean annotation or translation of Chinese classics. Specially, because 音叱[ms] in Hyanggas was the same grammatical expression as □(ms) in Seokdokgugyeol which was a grammatical item expressing the speaker``s obligation, impropriety, ability or willness However, other scholars`` interpretations on Hyanggas after Muae were not better than that of Muae``s. Some of other scholars`` interpretations were very different from those of Muae``s. Therefore, if we take the circumstances at his time, his interpretation of Hyanggas, i.e. Kogayeongu, is an unequalled, immortal work, and also, if we correct something wrong in his interpretation of Hyanggas through the present grammar of Seokdokgugyeol and Enhae, his interpretation of Hyanggas is still an effective interpretation in this epoch of ours.

「大同思想」에 對한 歷史的 考察 : 大同法과의 聯關性을 中心으로 Chiefly on the relations between them

成周鐸 충남대학교 1968 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

It may be said that the goal of Confucianism is to attain a one-world government through the realization of a righteous government and only a portion of idea, however, was carried out all through the three dynasties, Ha, Un and Ju, with no further development for the following 2000 years ever since then. During the Rhe dynasty, they made efforts to realize their cherished righteous government, by making Confucianism the national religion for 500 years, estblishing a tribntary system under reputation, called Taidong revolutionary system in the middle of period the purpose of which was to provide a righteous government itself for the people so that they might tattain a one-world government. and in this paper the writer intended to study what kind of reiatIons there are between the Taidong-Ism and its revolutionary system.

지지막을 이용하는 액막 추출기 내에서 아연 이온의 이동

주창식,이석희,이민규,홍성수,하홍두,정석기 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

For the purpose of development of a liquid membrane permeator which separates metal ions from aqueous solutions continuously and effectively, a continuous membrane permeator with the membrane solution trapped between extraction and stripping phases by two micro-porous hydrophilic films was manufactured. Experimental researches on the separation of zinc ion from aqueous solutions were performed in the liquid membrane permeator with 30 vol % D_2EHPA solution in kerosine as liquid membrane. As results, the liquid membrane permeator separates zinc ion from aqueous solutions continuously and effectively in the wide range of operating conditions. A simple mass transfer rate model using equilibrium constant of the extraction reaction for the system used were proposed, and the model was compared with experimental results of separation of zinc ion in the permeator. And the effects of operating factors, such as space time, pH of extraction solution, extraction temperature, on the separation rate of zinc ion in the permeator were experimentally examined.

八味地黃湯 煎湯液의 投與가 마우스의 自然致死 細胞의 活性度 및 免疫反應에 미치는 影響

朱松竹,李彦政,吳昇煥 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1992 원광한의학 Vol.2 No.1

This study was done to know the effects of Palmijihwangtang(八味地黃湯) on the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, the phagocytic activity of macrophages, the antibody production of B cells, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by T cells in the mouse. The results were as follows. 1. The administration of Palmijihwangtang enhanced the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against YAC-1 cells. 2. The administration on Palmijihwangtang increased the production of reactive oxygen intermediate(ROI) production from macrophages without any effect on phagocytic activity. 3. The administration of Palmijihwangtang decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity against dinitrochlorobenzene without affecting T cell subtypes. 4. The administration of Palmijihwangtang increased the antibody production against sheep red blood cells. The above results suggest that Palmijihwangtang could be used for the prevention and treatment of the diseases caused by the abnormalties of the body's immune functions.

순천향대학교 천안병원에 입원한 로타바이러스 감염 위장관염 환자의 임상양상

최석주,전세윤,김승수,박경배,김용배,박준수 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

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비영리법인의 과세제도에 관한 연구

이주성 忠州大學校 2007 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.42 No.-

Knowledge information society in 21st century emphasizes the social responsibility for the increase of welfare and public benefit so that the corresponding role has been expanded. Thus, the government is more obliged to improve the social welfare and public interests. However, the government alone cannot afford to meet the rapidly increasing social and economic needs, and therefore, the roles of the non-profit corporations become more and more important to support the government function, while people are more concerned about the tax systems related to establishment and activities of the non-profit corporations. With such basic conceptions in mind, the purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement for the tax system of non-profit corporation in comparison with foreign systems. To accomplish this objective, this study reviewed the existing relevant studies and literatures. By the results of this study, I suggested some improvements for two aspects of the corporation income tax and the value-added tax. The findings of this study will contribute to the settlement and development of the non-profit corporation in Korea.

렙틴 수용체가 형질 도입된 신경세포에서 ER Stress로 유도된 렙틴저항성에 대한 일산화탄소의 억제작용

김성주,김택상,류현열,정헌택 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.1

연구 배경 및 목적: 렙틴이 음식의 섭취 양과 체중의 증가를 억제하는 중요한 호르몬 역할을 한다는 사실은 잘 알려졌다. 또한 렙틴에 대한 저항성이 비만의 중요한 원인이라는 연구가 많이 보고되고 있다. 그러나 렙틴 저항성에 대한 구체적인 기전은 아직 밝혀져 있지 않았다. 최근 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 스트레스에 의한 unfolded protein response (UPR) 가 렙틴에 대한 저항성을 유발한 다는 보고가 있었다. 연구 대상 및 방법: 일산화탄소(carbon monoxide, CO)는 heme oxygenase (HO)-1이 헴(heme)을 산화적 분해로 만들어내는 무색, 무미, 무취의 기체로 항산화, 항염증, 항세포분열 및 항세포고사 작용을 나타내며 조직의 손상에 대한 세포보호작용을 한다. 최근 CO는 ER stress sensor 중의 하나인 protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) 를 선택적으로 활성화 시키며 인산화된 PERK 는 HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2를 인산화로 활성화시켜 결국 HO-1의 유전자 발현을 촉진함이 보고 되였다. 또한 CO로 유도된 PERK의 활성화는 eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2a를 인산화로 활성화 시키고 인산화된 eIF2a는 전사인자인 activating transcription factor (ATF)-4의 발현을 유도하지만 CO는 ER stress의 다른 두 개 sensors인 inositol requiring enzyme (IRE) 1a와 하위신호전단물질인 X-box binding protein (xbp)-1이나 ATF6의 활성화에는 영향을 미치지 아니한다. 그러나 ER stress 유발인자들인 thasigargin (TG), tunicamycin (TM), homocysteine 등으로 Xbp-1이나 ATF6가 활성화되는 것을 억제한다. 연구 결과: 본 연구에서는 ER stress 에 의해 활성화되는 UPR에 의해 유발되는 렙틴 저항성이 CO에 의하여 차단될 것이라는 가정을 세우고 다음과 같은 실험결과를 얻었다. TG나 TM에 의해 유도된 ER stress반응 즉 UPR은 렙틴의 신호전달로 야기되는 phospho-signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) 3로 인산화되는것을 억제시켰다. 그러나 ER stress를 유도시킬 시 CO를 CO releasing molecule (CORM)으로 처리하였을 때 UPR에 의한 렙틴의 신호전달로 말미암는 STAT3 인산화의 차단이 CO의 양과 노출 시간에 비례하여 제거 되었다. 결론: 이러한 실험결과는 CO에 의한 PERK 인산화는 ER stress 유도체에 의한 IRE1a의 하위 신호전달물질인 Xbp-1 이나 ATF6의 활성화를 억제하여 ER stress 반응인 UPR에 의한 렙틴 저항성을 차단함을 시사한다. 결론적으로 이러한 실험결과는 CO유도체를 이용하여 병인적인 렙틴 저항에 의한 여러 질병을 치료할 수 있음을 시사한다. Background: It is well known that leptin is an important circulating signal for the inhibition of food intake and the gain of body weight. Accumulating data suggest that leptin resistance has been considered to be one of the main causes of obesity. However, the detailed mechanism of leptin resistance is not known yet. Recently, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) is reported to be responsible for the leptin resistance. Materials & methods: Carbon monoxide (CO), a reaction product of the cytoprotective heme oxygenase (HO)-1, is anti-apoptotic in a variety of models of cellular injury. Exogenous CO activated Nrf2 through the phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), resulting in HO-1 expression. CO-induced activation of PERK was followed by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a and the expression of activating transcription factor 4. However, CO fails to induce X-box binding protein-1 expression and activating transcription factor 6 cleavage. CO prevented X-box binding protein-1 expression and activating transcription factor 6 cleavage induced by ER-stress inducer such as thasigargin (TG), tunicamycin (TM) and homocysteine. Results: In the present study, we hypothesized that exogenous CO might block the leptin resistance which is induced by UPR during ER stress. Thasigargin or tunicamycin was used to induce ER stress. The activation status of leptin signals were measured by western blotting analysis using a phospho-signal transducer and activation of transcription3 (STAT3) antibody. In this study, ER stress markedly inhibited leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Conculusion: These results suggest that ER stress induces leptin resistance and exogenous CO-induced phosphorylation of PERK branch reversed ER stress-induced leptin resistance. Moreover, CO releasing molecule (CORM) blocks the inhibition of leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Together, the pathological mechanism of leptin resistance could be ameliorated by the use of exogenous CO..

하악골 골절에 대한 임상통계학적 연구

이성훈,김기영,조규승,소광섭,박홍주,조요기,오희균,유선열 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

농축배양 시료를 이용한 trichlorophenols의 혐기성 분해

송성주,권오섭 인제대학교기초과학연구소 1998 자연과학 Vol.2 No.-

2, 3, 4-trichlorophenol (TCP)에 8∼17개월 적응시킨 장림하수처리장의 혐기성 소화조 슬럿지와 김해시 쓰레기매립장 침출수를 사용하여 몇 가지 TCPs의 환원형 탈염소반응 및 환경요인의 영향을 연구하였다. 비적응 시료에 비해 적응 시료의 TCPs 분해는 지체기의 단축으로 빠른 분해 속도를 나타냈으며, 2, 3, 4-TCP는 초기부터 빠른 분해를 보인 반면 2, 3, 6-TCP나 2, 4, 6-TCP는 9일 정도의 지체기를 나타냈다. TCPs의 혐기성 분해에 미치는 head space gas의 H2 조성비와 혐기성 대사저해제의 영향은 접종시료에 따라 다르게 나타났다. CO₃²-, SO₄²-, NO₃-를 전자수용체로 황산염환원 조건에서 다소 느리게 분해되었다. 2, 3, 4-TCP에서는 2, 3-DCP, 2, 3, 5-TCP에서는 2, 5-DCP, 2, 3, 6-TCP에서는 2, 3,-DCP, 2, 4, 6-TCP에서는 2, 4,-DCP가 주된 부산물로 검출되었으며, monochlorophenols와 phenol도 적은 양이지만 지속적으로 검출되었다. Anaerobic inocula of the anaerobic digester sludge from Jangrim municipal wastewater treatment plant and the leachate from Kimhae landfill site were enriched with 2, 3, 4-trichlorophenol (TCP) for a period of 8∼17 months. As compared with the unacclimated samples, the anaerobic degradation rates of TCPs by the acclimated samples were fast. The degradation of 2, 3, 4-TCP occurred without a lag period, but 2, 3, 6-TCP and 2, 4, 6-TCP had a lag period of 9 days each. The effects of headspace gas composition and inhibitors of anaerobic metabolisms such as methanogen and sulfate reduction were not so significant and varied with the kinds of inoculum. Anaerobic biodegradation of TCPs occurred under methanogenic, sulfidogenic, and denifrifying conditions were occurred. Major dechlorination by-products of 2, 3, 4-, 2, 3, 5-, 2, 3, 6-, and 2, 4, 6-TCPs were 2, 3,-, 2, 5-, 2, 3,-, and 2, 4-DCPs, respectively, and small amounts of monochlorphenols and phenol were also detected.