http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A Literature Review on Intergenerational Understanding and Harmony In Korean Immigrant Family
Josua Lashley 한국노인복지학회 2014 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.30 No.-
Among the Asian countries, Koreans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States. However, because of the different cultural norms and social conditions, immigrant elderly people experiences different relationships with their children, spouse, and grandchildren. Most of Koreans are Korean?fully socialized into Korean culture. Korean older adults have generally experienced the loss of the traditional father or mother``s role and had to managed to problems of the role exists as immigrants. In this study, history of Korean immigration to the U.S., how the Korea elderly could be grouped, the problems for foreign?born Korean elderly adults by focusing on challenge of adjustment, their adherence to the traditional expectation of filial piety and related problems with their married children and spouses, loneliness and depression the necessity of the modification of the traditional Korean norm of filial piety has been discussed. Studies suggested that as a way to alleviate the elderly parent``s adjustment problems, the elderly parents give up their attachment to an important part of their preimmigration belief, the tradition expectation of filial piety, and accept the modified expectation.
Markus, Josua,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Abbai, Ragavendran,Singh, Priyanka,Ahn, Sungeun,Perez, Zuly Elizabeth Jimenez,Hurh, Joon,Yang, Deok Chun Elsevier 2016 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.95 No.-
<P>A straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNps) is achieved by novel probiotic Lactobacillus kimchicus DCY51(T) isolated from Korean kimchi via an intracellular membrane-bound mechanism. The bioreduction of HAuCI4 into AuNps was verified by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry at similar to 540 nm. AuNps were spherical with varying sizes of 5-30nm. AuNps maintained an average crystallite size of 13 nm and demonstrated long-term stability in physiological buffer and biological media. Furthermore, the protective capping layer consisted of amino acid residues and surface-bound proteins rendered them non-toxic to murine macrophage (RAW264.7) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines. Finally, biosynthesized AuNps served as superior free radical scavengers against 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in contrast to their corresponding gold salt. In short, this green synthesis is cost-effective and advantageous for the development of a new class of probiotics mediated and nontoxic carriers in targeted drug delivery systems, cancer diagnostic, photothermal therapy, biosensing, and medical imaging. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
Markus, Josua,Wang, Dandan,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Ahn, Sungeun,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Wang, Chao,Yang, Deok Chun Springer US 2017 Nanoscale research letters Vol.12 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A facile synthesis and biological applications of silver (DH-AgNps) and gold nanoparticles (DH-AuNps) mediated by the aqueous extract of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Du Huo) are explored. Du Huo is a medicinal root belonging to <I>Angelica pubescens</I> Maxim which possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. The absorption spectra of nanoparticles in varying root extract and metal ion concentration, pH, reaction temperatures, and time were recorded by ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The presence of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance intensified at ~414 and ~540 nm, respectively. Field emission transmission electron micrograph (FE-TEM) analysis revealed the formation of quasi-spherical DH-AgNps and spherical icosahedral DH-AuNps. These novel DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps maintained an average crystallite size of 12.48 and 7.44 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps exhibited antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) radicals and the former exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens including <I>Escherichia coli</I>, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>, and <I>Salmonella enterica</I>. The expected presence of flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and phenols on the nanoparticle surface were conjectured to grant protection against aggregation and free radical scavenging activity. DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps were further investigated for their cytotoxic properties in RAW264.7 macrophages for their potential application as drug carriers to sites of inflammation. In conclusion, this green synthesis is favorable for the advancement of plant mediated nano-carriers in drug delivery systems, cancer diagnostic, and medical imaging.</P><P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>Schematic diagram of biosynthesis of DH-AgNps and DH-AuNps and evaluation of their bioactivities.</P>
Hurh, Joon,Markus, Josua,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Ahn, Sungeun,Castro-Aceituno, Veronica,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Kim, Yu Jin,Yang, Deok Chun KLUWER 2017 JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH Vol. No.
<P>Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are forecasted to provide an attractive platform in biomedicine and catalysis with their potentials of combining a variety of biophysicochemical properties into an integrated nanodevice with great therapeutic and optical functions. There are several reports of crude plant extracts mediating the conversion of metal ions into nanoparticles. However, we aimed to investigate the capability of single bioactive compounds, namely ginsenosides compound K (C-K) and Rh2, to accommodate a synergistic chemical reduction of gold salts by one-pot green chemistry. Ginsenosides C-K and Rh2 are unique triterpenoid saponins present in Panax ginseng Meyer, a perennial plant traditionally used as an oriental medicinal herbal with long history. C-K and Rh2 have demonstrated diverse pharmacological properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and neuroprotective properties. The reduction of gold ions by these ginsenosides led to the production of nontoxic GNPs as tested in mousemacrophage (J774A. 1) and human kidney epithelial (HEK-293) in vitro. The kinetics of the bioreduction and the influence of pH were examined by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. GNPs were characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ginsenoside loading efficiency of C-K-GNPs and Rh2-GNPs was determined to be approximately 62.83% and 54.91%, respectively, by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These results suggest that onepot synthesis by ginsenosides C-K and Rh2may be useful for producing ginsenoside-loaded gold nanocarriers.</P>
Wang, Dandan,Markus, Josua,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Wang, Chao,Jimé,nez Pé,rez, Zuly Elizabeth,Ahn, Sungeun,Aceituno, Veró,nica Castro,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Yang, Deok Chun Dove Medical Press 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.11 No.-
<P>A rapid biological synthesis of multifunctional gold nanoparticle (AuNp) and monodisperse silver nanoparticle (AgNp) was achieved by an aqueous extract of black <I>Panax ginseng</I> Meyer root. The physicochemical transformation into black ginseng (BG) greatly enhanced the pharmacological activities of white ginseng and its minor ginsenoside content. The optimal temperature conditions and kinetics of bioreduction were investigated. Formation of BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps was verified by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry at 548 and 412 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized BG-AgNps were spherical and monodisperse with narrow distribution, while BG-AuNps were icosahedral-shaped and moderately polydisperse. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited long-term stability in buffers of pH 7.0–8.0 and biological media (5% bovine serum albumin) at an ambient temperature and at 37°C. BG-AgNps showed effective antibacterial activity against <I>Escherichia coli</I> and <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>. BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps demonstrated increased scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. In addition, BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps were nontoxic to HaCaT and MCF-7 cells; the latter showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 10 µg/mL. At higher concentrations, BG-AgNps exhibited apparent apoptotic activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line through reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear fragmentation.</P>
Abbai, Ragavendran,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Markus, Josua,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Wang, Chao,Singh, Priyanka,Ahn, Sungeun,Farh, Mohamed El-Agamy,Yang, Deok Chun DOVE MEDICAL PRESS 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.11 No.-
<P>Pharmacologically active stem of the oriental herbal adaptogen, Siberian ginseng, was employed for the ecofriendly synthesis of Siberian ginseng silver nanoparticles (Sg-AgNPs) and Siberian ginseng gold nanoparticles (Sg-AuNPs). First, for metabolic characterization of the sample, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (indicated the presence of eleutherosides A and E), total phenol content, and total reducing sugar were analyzed. Second, the water extract of the sample mediated the biological synthesis of both Sg-AgNPs and Sg-AuNPs that were crystalline face-centered cubical structures with a Z-average hydrodynamic diameter of 126 and 189 nm, respectively. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that proteins and aromatic hydrocarbons play a key role in the formation and stabilization of Sg-AgNPs, whereas phenolic compounds accounted for the synthesis and stability of Sg-AuNPs. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay determined that Sg-AgNPs conferred strong cytotoxicity against MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line) and was only slightly toxic to HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line) at 10 µg⋅mL<SUP>−1</SUP>. However, Sg-AuNPs did not display cytotoxic effects against both of the cell lines. The disc diffusion assay indicated a dose-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (ATCC 6538), <I>Bacillus anthracis</I> (NCTC 10340), <I>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</I> (ATCC 33844), and <I>Escherichia coli</I> (BL21) treated with Sg-AgNPs, whereas Sg-AuNPs did not show inhibitory activity. In addition, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay demonstrated that both Sg-AgNPs and Sg-AuNPs possess strong antioxidant activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report unraveling the potential of <I>Eleutherococcus senticosus</I> for silver and gold nanoparticle synthesis along with its biological applications, which in turn would promote widespread usage of the endemic Siberian ginseng.</P>