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Challenges and Some New Directions in Channel Coding
Erdal Arıkan,Najeeb ul Hassan,Michael Lentmaier,Guido Montorsi,Jossy Sayir 한국통신학회 2015 Journal of communications and networks Vol.17 No.4
Three areas of ongoing research in channel coding are surveyed, and recent developments are presented in each area: Spatially coupled low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, nonbinary LDPC codes, and polar coding.
J Armando Madrazo,Fawaz Alrefaee,Anjan Chakrabarty,Julia C. de Leon,Lanlan Geng,Sitang Gong,Ralf G. Heine,Anette Järvi,Jarungchit Ngamphaiboon,Christina Ong,Jossie M. Rogacion 대한소아소화기영양학회 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: The present international survey among healthcare providers aimed to collect data on theoretical knowledge and clinical practices in the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and lactose intolerance (LI) in infants. Methods: A global survey was conducted in several countries with diverse health care settings. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions in 3 main domains: (1) understanding and clinical practices around CMPA and LI; (2) case scenarios; and (3) disease-specific knowledge and potential educational needs. Results: Responses were available from 1,663 participants. About 62% of respondents were general practitioners or general pediatricians, and the remainder were pediatric allergists/gastroenterologists (18%) or other health practitioners (20%). The survey identified knowledge gaps regarding the types of CMPA (IgE-mediated vs. non-IgE-mediated) and the clinical overlap with LI. The survey suggested diverse clinical practices regarding the use of hypoallergenic formulas, as well as misconceptions about the prebiotic benefits of lactose in extensively hydrolyzed formulas in non-breastfed infants with CMPA. Responses to the two case scenarios highlighted varying levels of awareness of the relevant clinical practice guidelines. While respondents generally felt confident in managing infants with CMPA and LI, about 80% expressed an interest for further training in this area. Conclusion: The current survey identified some knowledge gaps and regional differences in the management of infants with CMPA or LI. Local educational activities among general and pediatric healthcare providers may increase the awareness of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of both conditions and help improve clinical outcomes.