Articles : The Economic Theory of Integration in Central America and the Caribbean ; From Autonomy to Open Regionalism

(Jose Briceno Ruiz) 한국라틴아메리카학회 1999 Korean Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.2 No.-

Online Games Traffic Multiplexing: Analysis and Effect in Access Networks

( Jose Saldana ),( Julian Fernandez-navajas ),( Jose Ruiz-mas ),( Luis Casadesus ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.11

Enterprises that develop online games have to deploy supporting infrastructures, including hardware and bandwidth resources, in order to provide a good service to users. First Person Shooter games generate high rates of small UDP packets from the client to the server, so the overhead is significant. This work analyzes a method that saves bandwidth, by the addition of a local agent which queues packets, compresses headers and uses a tunnel to send a number of packets within a multiplexed packet. The behavior of the system has been studied, showing that significant bandwidth savings can be achieved. For certain titles, up to 38% of the bandwidth can be saved for IPv4. This percentage increases to 54% for IPv6, as this protocol has a bigger overhead. The cost of these bandwidth savings is the addition of a new delay, which has an upper bound that can be modified. So there is a tradeoff: the greater the added delays, the greater the bandwidth savings. Significant reductions in the amounts of packets per second generated can also be obtained. Tests have been deployed in an emulated scenario matching an access network, showing that if the number of players is big enough, the added delays can be acceptable in terms of user experience.

The Economic Theory of Integration in Central America and the Caribbean

Jose Briceno Ruiz 한국라틴아메리카학회 1999 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.12 No.2

Systematic Method of Designing and Constructing Velocity Fields for Motion Control

Francisco Jose Ruiz-Sanchez 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.2

Velocity fields for motion control are a kinematic description of the desired trajectories in the Cartesian space whose applications in industrial processes of contouring tasks are promising; however, the lack of a general designing method and the complexity of the controllers designed without concern for the construction of the fields have confined their use to the academic domain. In this paper, the author introduces a systematic method for designing and constructing velocity fields for control that provides a suitable reference in velocity to simplify the structure of the close loop controllers. The method is a three steps procedure where the motion objective in the vector field is described as a main streamline surrounded by an attractive flow to achieve this objective. The main streamline, expressed as a parametric curve, determines the main directional components of the field as a radialattraction to the curve and a tangential-guide on the curve; directions which are linearly combined to calculate the velocity vectors into a soft and continuous transition of uniform speed to attract and guide the motion as the position gets closer to the curve. It is showed that the method provides a convergent velocity field, either as a static kinematic description of the motion or as a dynamic reference in velocity for a moving particle, and it is tested designing a circular trajectory field, commonly used in control design, and two generic examples of 2D and 3D curves on the Cartesian space.

Algorithms to measure carbonation depth in concrete structures sprayed with a phenolphthalein solution

Ruiz, Christian C.,Caballero, Jose L.,Martinez, Juan H.,Aperador, Willian A. Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.3

Many failures of concrete structures are related to steel corrosion. For this reason, it is important to recognize how the carbonation can affect the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The repeatability of the carbonation depth measure in a specimen of concrete sprayed with a phenolphthalein solution is consistently low whereby it is necessary to have an impartial method to measure the carbonation depth. This study presents two automatic algorithms to detect the non-carbonated zone in concrete specimens. The first algorithm is based solely on digital processing image (DPI), mainly morphological and threshold techniques. The second algorithm is based on artificial intelligence, more specifically on an array of Kohonen networks, but also using some DPI techniques to refine the results. Moreover, another algorithm was developed with the purpose of measure the carbonation depth from the image obtained previously.

Potential influence of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes in genetic association studies of milk quality traits

Jose Luis Zepeda-Batista,Luis Antonio Saavedra-Jimenez,Agustin Ruiz-Flores,Rafael Nunez-Dominguez,Rodolfo Ramirez-Valverde 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12

Objective: From a review of published information on genetic association studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the genes κ-casein (CSN3) and β-lactoglobulin (LGB) on milk yield traits in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh. Methods: The GLIMMIX procedure was used to analyze milk production and percentage of protein and fat in milk. Models included the main effects and all their possible two-way interactions; not estimable effects and non-significant (p>0.05) two-way interactions were dropped from the models. The three traits analyzed used Poisson distribution and a log link function and were determined with the Interactive Data Analysis of SAS software. Least square means and multiple mean comparisons were obtained and performed for significant main effects and their interactions (p<0.0255). Results: Interaction of breed by gene showed that Holstein and Fleckvieh were the breeds on which CSN3 (6.01%±0.19% and 5.98%±0.22%), and LGB (6.02%±0.19% and 5.70%±0.22%) have the greatest influence. Interaction of breed by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that Holstein and Jersey showed greater influence of the CSN3 AA genotype, 6.04%±0.22% and 5.59%±0.31% than the other genotypes, while LGB AA genotype had the largest influence on the traits analyzed, 6.05%±0.20% and 5.60%±0.19%, respectively. Furthermore, interaction of type of statistical model by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that CSN3 and LGB genes had similar behavior, maintaining a difference of more than 7% across analyzed genotypes. These results could indicate that both Holstein and Jersey have had lower substitution allele effect in selection programs that include CSN3 and LGB genes than Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh. Conclusion: Breed determined which genotypes had the greatest association with analyzed traits. The mixed model based in Bayesian or Ridge Regression was the best alternative to analyze CSN3 and LGB gene effects on milk yield and protein and fat percentages.

Periodontal granulation tissue preservation in surgical periodontal disease treatment: a pilot prospective cohort study

Jose A. Moreno Rodríguez,Antonio J. Ortiz Ruiz 대한치주과학회 2022 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.52 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of periodontal granulation tissue preservation (PGTP) in access flap periodontal surgery. Methods: Twenty patients (stage III–IV periodontitis) with 42 deep periodontal pockets that did not resolve after non-surgical treatment were consecutively recruited. Access flap periodontal surgery was modified using PGTP. The clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated at 9 months. The differences in the amount of granulation tissue width (GTw) preserved were evaluated and the influence of smoking was analyzed. Results: GTw >1 mm was observed in 97.6% of interproximal defects, and the granulation tissue extended above the bone peak in 71.4% of defects. At 9 months, probing pocket depth reduction (4.33±1.43 mm) and clinical attachment gain (CAG; 4.10±1.75 mm) were statistically significant (P<0.001). The residual probing depth was 3.2±0.89 mm. When GTw extended above the interproximal bone peak (i.e., the interproximal supra-alveolar granulation tissue thickness [iSUPRA-GT] was greater than 0 mm), a significant CAG was recorded in the supra-alveolar component (1.67±1.32 mm, P<0.001). Interproximal gingival recession (iGR) was significant (P<0.05) only in smokers, with a reduction in the interdental papillary tissue height of 0.93±0.76 mm. In non-smokers, there was no increase in the iGR when the iSUPRA-GT was >0 mm. The clinical results in smokers were significantly worse. Conclusions: PGTP was used to modify access flap periodontal surgery by preserving affected tissues with the potential for recovery. The results show that preserving periodontal granulation tissue is an effective and conservative procedure in the surgical treatment of periodontal disease.

Monosegment associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy: Preserving segment 1 as the only liver remnant after hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

Eloy Ruiz,Ramiro Fernandez-Placencia,Jorge Bustamante,Jose Medina-Cana,Elmer Loja,Francisco Berrospi 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.4

Since the inception of the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure, many centres have used this technique for patients who would otherwise be considered unresectable due to insufficient future liver remnant. In this report, we presented the case of a paediatric patient with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent monosegment ALPPS (M-ALPPS) hepatectomy preserving segment 1 as the sole liver remnant using indocyanine green (ICG) as a fluorescence guide.

miR-153 Silencing Induces Apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Anaya-Ruiz, Maricruz,Cebada, Jorge,Delgado-Lopez, Guadalupe,Sanchez-Vazquez, Maria Luisa,Perez-Santos, Jose Luis Martin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression by negatively regulating the stability or translational efficiency of their target mRNAs. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of miR-153 inhibition in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Forty-eight hours after MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with the miR-153 inhibitor, an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to determine the effects of miR-153 on cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis and assessment of caspase 3/7 activity were adopted to determine whether miR-153 affects the proliferation rates and apoptosis levels of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results showed that silencing of miR-153 significantly inhibited growth when compared to controls at 48 hours, reducing proliferation by 37.6%, and inducing apoptosis. Further studies are necessary to corroborate our findings and examine the potential use of this microRNA in future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Quality Control Usage in High-Density Microarrays Reveals Differential Gene Expression Profiles in Ovarian Cancer

Villegas-Ruiz, Vanessa,Moreno, Jose,Jacome-Lopez, Karina,Zentella-Dehesa, Alejandro,Juarez-Mendez, Sergio Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5

There are several existing reports of microarray chip use for assessment of altered gene expression in different diseases. In fact, there have been over 1.5 million assays of this kind performed over the last twenty years, which have influenced clinical and translational research studies. The most commonly used DNA microarray platforms are Affymetrix GeneChip and Quality Control Software along with their GeneChip Probe Arrays. These chips are created using several quality controls to confirm the success of each assay, but their actual impact on gene expression profiles had not been previously analyzed until the appearance of several bioinformatics tools for this purpose. We here performed a data mining analysis, in this case specifically focused on ovarian cancer, as well as healthy ovarian tissue and ovarian cell lines, in order to confirm quality control results and associated variation in gene expression profiles. The microarray data used in our research were downloaded from ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed with Expression Console Software using RMA, MAS5 and Plier algorithms. The gene expression profiles were obtained using Partek Genomics Suite v6.6 and data were visualized using principal component analysis, heat map, and Venn diagrams. Microarray quality control analysis showed that roughly 40% of the microarray files were false negative, demonstrating over- and under-estimation of expressed genes. Additionally, we confirmed the results performing second analysis using independent samples. About 70% of the significant expressed genes were correlated in both analyses. These results demonstrate the importance of appropriate microarray processing to obtain a reliable gene expression profile.