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차봉준 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2010 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.9 No.2
본 연구는 국제항공제도의 변화와 경향을 연구함으로써 동북아시아 항공운송시장 통합을 위한 교훈과 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 세계 항공시장은 1978년 미국의 규제완화 정책 이후 1980년대 후반부터 항공협정을 자유화하려는 움직임이 있었고, 그러한 움직임의 결과 1992년 미국과 네덜란드 간 ‘양자간 항공자유화 협정(Open Sky Agreement)’이 체결되었다. 이후 수 많은 항공자유화를 위한 양자간 협정과 몇몇 지역별 다자간 협정이 있었고, 보다 발전된 형태인 단일항공시장의 형성이 EU역내와 호주-뉴질랜드에서 완성되었다. 아시아에서도 아세안(ASEAN)이 그 범위는 다르지만 2015년을 목표로 단일항공시장 형성을 추진 중에 있다. 이러한 경향이 동북아 3국의 항공협력에 줄 수 있는 시사점을 연구함으로써 아직 제한된 항공자유화 단계에 머물러 있는 동북아 항공시장의 발전 방향성을 제언한다. This study seeks to some possible lessons and makes an alternative proposal from the major regulatory policy changes that have taken place for liberalizing international air transport markets for Northeast Asian air transportation market integration. The domestic deregulation liberalization that took place in U.S and the international regulatory liberalization immediately following is still going. The result of liberal bilateral Air Service Agreement was Open Skies Agreement between U.S and Netherlands in 1992. Since there were a number of bilateral aviation agreements and some multilateral aviation agreements. The creation of Single Aviation Market in EU and Australia-New Zealand is a growing to move towards partial or full open skies implementation. In Asia, ASEAN is pushing to Single Aviation Market by 2015 with all ASEAN members. In conclusion, this study suggests the future direction of the Northeast Asian Air Transport Market still remaining limited liberalization.
이봉준,이경준 한국항공대학 항공문제연구소 1992 航空問題硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.-
비행중에 항공기의 연료를 절약시키는 가장 중요한 요소는 항공기의 항력을 감소시키는 것으로서 본 연구에서는 연료 절약형 이음속 항공기의 개발을 위한 유도항력감소에 관한 기초적인 연구를 수행하였다. 날개의 형상에 따라 유도항력이 달라지므로 이 항력을 최소로 하는 날개끝의 형상에 대한 연구와 날개끝 와류를 제어하는 유도항력 감소장치에 대하여 이론해석 및 풍동실험을 통한 연구를 하였다. 날개끝의 형상으로는 날개 끝에 camber와 파형이 있는 새로운 crescent형 날개끝 모양에 대한 공력특성을 구하였다. 날개 끝에 장착하는 유도항력 감소장치로서 날개끝 strake, 방사형 다중슬롯에 대한 기술을 개발하였다. 여러 가지 모양의 날개끝 strake를 설계하여 직사각형 날개, 테이퍼형 날개 및 뒤젖힘 날개에 장착하여 수치해석 및 풍동실험을 통한 공력특성을 조사하였다. 날개 끝에 방사형으로 설치한 다중슬롯장치가 날개끝 와류를 제어하여 날개의 양항계수에 미치는 효과를 실험적인 방법으로 연구하였다. The most important factor in saving fuel during flight is the reduction of aerodynamic drag of the aircraft. In this study, a basic research has been carried out to reduce the induced drag for the development of fuel economical subsonic aircraft. The wing tip configuration and devices to reduce induced drag were investigated by numerical analysis and experiment. To study the aerodynamic characteristics of a wing tip shape, wind tunnel testing and numerical analysis were carried out for a newly developed crescent wing tip with camber and wavy tip shape. For the wing tip drag reduction devices such as wing tip strakes, and radial multiple slots were developed. Various shapes of wing tip strakes were designed and wind tunnel tests were conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of wing tip strakes for a rectangular wing, tapered and 35 degree swept back wing. An experimental study was performed for effect of the multiple slots which were formed at the wing tip radially on the coefficient of lift and drag of a wing by reducing the trailing vortex effect.
김봉준,이천우,조은주,김희규 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2
Background: Eosinophilia is associated with various primary and reactive conditions. The incidence and causes of eosinophilia might have changed through time according to the changes in the incidence of diseases such as cancer, chronic degenerative diseases, and so forth. This study was sought to investigate the causes and the incidence of hypereosinophilia and compare the results with those obtained by other reports in Korea. Methods: Eosinophilia and hypereosinophilia are diagnosed when the absolute eosinophil count is greater than 500/μL and 1,500/μL, respectively. Patient's clinical records were reviewed to determine the underlying clinical conditions in relation to what causes hypereosinophilia. Results: Out of 18,941 patients who undertook hematology profiles, 1,584 (8.4%) and 143 (0.75%) were found to have eosinophilia and hypereosinophilia, respectively. Among patients with hypereosinophilia, 106 patients (74.1%) had identifiable and/or possible causes. The major causes of hypereosinophilia were malignancy (48.1%), allergy and skin diseases (22.6%), infectious diseases (9.4%), gastrointestinal tract diseases (5.7%), and hepatobiliary diseases (4.7%). Conclusion: We found various causes of hypereosinophilia in this study, and the most common cause of hypereosinophilia was malignancy. Therefore, a thorough study in patients with hypereosinophilia is necessary.
하봉준,이상훈 한국방송광고공사 2004 광고연구 Vol.0 No.63
낙후된 지방 광고산업의 발전을 위해서는 구조적 요인의 해결과 함께, 광고산업 주체의 자구노력이 병행되어야 한다. 특히 지방광고회사의 발전을 위해서는 지방광고주의 지방광고회사에 대한 인식 및 만족도 제고가 선결과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식하에서 지방광고주가 광고회사를 선정하는 기준은 무엇인지, 그리고 지방광고회사를 어떻게 평가하고, 개선점은 무엇이라고 생각하는지 실증적으로 알아보고자 하였다. 부산/울산/경남 지역의 광고주 및 광고회사 종사자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 지방광고주는 광고회사 선택시 거래요인을 중요하게 고려하고, 거래요인 및 비용측면에서 지방광고회사를 높이 평가했다. 그러나 지방광고회사는 광고기획/전략, 마케팅, 리서치, 광고회사의 규모/크기 등 업무 측면이나 외형적 특성에서 낮게 평가되었고, 향후 업무요인에 대한 개선이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 고려할 때, 지방광고회사는 우선적으로 광고기획/전략, 마케팅, IMC, 리서치, 크리에이티브 등 광고 업무와 관련된 서비스의 질을 높이는 데 노력해야 하며, 동시에 기존의 강점 중에서 장기적인 경쟁적 우위가 될 수 있는 지역특성에 대한 이해, 광고주 요구에 대한 정확하고 신속한 반응 등에 대한 강화가 요구된다. The purpose of this study is to make empirical investigation into advertising agency selection and evaluation of the local client for the local agency’s developing plan. The following research questions were formulated for this study. 1. What are mainly considered factors when the local client selects a agency? 2. How is the local agency evaluated in comparison with the agency that is located in Seoul? 3. What should be improved for the development of the local agency? To get the proper answers, a total of 172 persons who have been employed in local agencies and clients located in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongnam-do are surveyed for this study. T-test, factor analysis and regression analysis were chosen as the appropriate statistical techniques. The main results are: 1. The local client considers transaction and cost more importantly when they selects a agency. 2. The local client estimates that local agency is better than the agency in Seoul about transaction and cost. 3. The local client wants the local agency to improve its own abilities - advertising planning, marketing consulting, IMC, research and creative power.
職業的 特性이 조직커미트먼트에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究
김준식,운봉현 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 産業經營 Vol.26 No.-
The citizens of Korea want to get better administrative service. The government is also eager to improve productivity of employees and establish a positive attitude toward public officers. Public officers themselves expect people to recognize their job as a good occupation so that they can work with self-confidence. In reality, they have a low commitment to their job because of their indifference to the nature of public careers, a negative peace-at-any-price principle along with idleness without rationalism. The solution to these problems is to improve organizational commitment, The existing research has mostly been conducted by private institutions and pays litt1e attention to human psychology A lot of the existing research excludes job satisfaction as a factor in the study models, though some research shows that job satisfaction can influence organizational commitment. Considering the above, I selected several factors that affect the organizational commitment of public officers such as demographics, individuality, occupational specialty, and job satisfaction. Organizational commitment is viewed as a multi-dimensional concept and hypothesis were formulated under those assumptions. The affective factors to the organizational commitment of public officers of our country were derived from a test of hypothesis. The way to improve the organizational commitment of public officers was found in this manner and I suggest here an alternative for the government or its provincial agencies. The outcome of the analysis shows a high continuous commitment among males having poor academic background and a short length of service. Stability, authoritarianism, and a sense of duty have a meaningful influence on continuous commitment. Job satisfaction also has a positive effect. The group of males with a short length of service shows high affective commitment and autonomy. This has a positive influence on the general characteristics. Occupational specialty has a negative relationship with stability and public servant spirit. The threat of lay-offs and authoritarianism have a positive influence. Job satisfaction also shows a positive relationship. In case of normative commitment, it was high in the group of high academic career, high-ranking officers and long length of service. Creativity and learning positively affected general characteristics. Occupational specialty has a positive relationship with the sense of duty and public servant spirit. So, I suggest that we can improve the organizational commitment of public officers with the following programs : First, continuous commitment cannot always be improved with extended length of service, so we can expect administrative efficiency and activation of organization when an age-limit system for each promotion is introduced for high level positions. Affective commitment level was decreased with a growing length of service. For the employees who worked for a longer period, hobbies or educational programs are needed to compensate for their psychological loss and emotional balancing. Encouraging informal clubs can be helpful. Employees who have low academic careers need to have many educational opportunities from the government or the chance to go to night school. Those who have high academic career also must get further education or be encouraged to go to graduate school. Society is developing rapidly into an information-dominated environment so public officers should adapt themselves not only for the purpose of work but also for their future life by continuing their education. Second, autonomy is an important factor, so the authorized limit of right should be enlarged properly when responsibility is increased. Rules and organization require flexibility. Strong desire to study gives a positive influence to normative commitment, A system that can satisfy intellectual or self-developing desires should be introduced, such as foreign language classes, encouraging upper level schooling, inviting lecturedrs who are specialized in certain fields employees want to learn, etc. The improvement of public officers' knowledge and upgrading their quality is helpful for both job efficiency and better administrative service. Third, reducing stability and authoritarianism will strengthen public servant spirit. Ability-focused systems, age-limit systems for each promotion, and objective personnel policies should be established to break down old bureaucracy in the government, its provincial agencies. and parliament. The introduction of regular and partial lay-offs could also be taken into consideration. Fourth, to elevate the level of normative commitment, a proposition system should be activated. Excellent propositions will be analysed to find out their effects and the proposing public officer could be promoted or rewarded, A proposition system requires a very autonomous and mutually cooperative environment. A bureaucratic and stiffened environment will stifle that. Fifth, public servant spirit and the sense of duty that makes employees feel their sacrifice to society worth the public benefit have to be raised from the bottom of their heart because normative commitment has a positive relationship on those. Salaries need to be almost the same as private company employees' and public officers should feel that citizens recognize their job a good occupation in society. People should exert themselves to discover public employees' good aspects rather than bad ones such as corruption, idleness without rationalism, indifference to the nature of public careers, authoritarianism, red-tapism or formalism. On the other hand, public officers should establish strict discipline inside their group by disciplinary action or proper penalties and are should promote social stability by proving to citizens that they are a very honest, sincere and faithful group. This way, the whole family of public officers will make it an honor to be a public servant under the new administrative culture.
Palmes Tube를 이용한 지역별 NO₂농도와 직종별 NO₂개인 폭로량에 관한 연구
김준연,박순우,김동일,장봉기,정경동,김두희,홍대용,정갑열,김용규,이종섭,유일수,김정만 동아대학교 의과대학 부설 산업의학연구소 1992 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.1
Indoor air quality is important to human wellbeing because people their spend much of time indoors. Current efforts to reduce ventilation rates in building may conserve energy but may also passibly empair human health and welfare through increased levels of indoor contaminants. Nitrogn dioxide( NO₂)has been regarded as one of the important indoor air pollutants. This report updates the assessment of NO₂concentrations at indoor & vehicle road and personal NO₂exposure levels by job groups in four urban cities. NO₂concentrations were measured using the diffusion tube method on 671 subjects in four cities(Pusan, Taegu, Chinju. Iri) from Dec. 1988 to Feb, 1989 and from Dec. 1989 to Feb. 1990. The results of the study obtained were as follows. Ⅰ. Indoor & vehicle road NO₂levels 1. The mean NO₂level was 37.8±19.6(8∼189)ppb and the highest with 42.2±20.5ppb at Bus & Taxi. 2. The NO₂levels by area were as follows: Pusan city, 38.3±20.3ppb: Taegu city, 41.1±17.6ppb: Chinju city, 33.0±19.4ppb: Iri city, 35.8±20.6ppb. 3. The site of the highest NO₂level in Pusan, Taegu, Chinju and Iri city were as follows: Bus & Taxi, 45.4ppb: Vehicle road, 50.8ppb: Bus & Taxi, 37.5ppb: Bus & Taxi. 45.0ppb. Ⅱ. Personal NO₂exposure level 1. The mean level of personal NO₂exposure was 42.7 ±23.1(6∼145)ppb and the highest with 54.0±25.5ppb at office workers. 2. Personal NO₂exposure levels by area were as follows: Pusan city 44.8±20.2ppb: Taegu city, 50.6±24.3ppb: Chinju city, 47.1±23.2ppb: Iri city, 48.0±27.0ppb. 3. The job group of the highest personal NO₂exposure level in Pusan, Taegu, Chinju and Iri city were as follows: Office workers, 50.3ppb: Bus & Taxi drivers, 63.8ppb: Office workers, 59.8ppb: Office workers, 60.0ppb.
郭晙洙,吉奉燮 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1989 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.3
植生 및 環境이 相異한 光陽演習林內 森林土壤을 대상으로 植生 및 날개응애를 調査分析하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 調査 期間 中 53科 115速 152種의 植物이 分類되었으며 闊葉樹林비해 針葉樹林에서 더多樣한 分布를 보였다. 날개응애와 植生과의 關係를 比較한 結果 種多樣度指數에 있어서는 두 集團間에 統計的 有意性이 인정되지 않았으며, 種類似度에 있어서는, 植生의 경우 地理的으로 隣接한 群落間에 類似度가 높게 나타난 반면, 날개응애의 경우에는 地理的 隣接性 보다는 植生에 따라 類似群을 形成하므로서 土壤動物은 植餌選好度에 따라 niche를 달래하는 것으로 解析되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil mites (Acarina: Cryptostigmata) and vegetation in sampled area. From July 1984 to Jund 1985, samples were taken monthly from coniferous forests; a pinenut (Pinus koraicnsis S. et Z.) forest (site C-1), a white-pine (Pimus strobus L.) forest (site C-2), a needle fir tree (Abies holophyla Max.) forest (site C-3),and three broad-leaved forests; site B-l, B-2, and B-3 in Cho ̄lanamdo province, southern part of Korea. Vascular plants of 152 species belonging to 115 genera (53 families) were identified. The flora in the coniferous forests were more diverse than in the broad-leaved forest. Similarity coefficient of the flora was shown highly between the neighbouring sites. The oribatid species in the coniferous forests were more diverse than those in the broad-leaved forests. The similarity index suggested that oribatid mites in those surveying sites could be divided into "coniferous forest type" and "broad-leaved forest type".
Rankine 반형체를 이용한 트랙터-트레일러의 항력감소장치에 관한 연구
이봉준,남기욱 한국항공대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.26 No.-
트렉터-트레일러 차량의 공기역학적 항력을 감소시킬 목적으로 Rankine반형체를 이용하여 Modified roof-fairing (MRF)과 Sub-trailer(ST)를 개발하였다. 이 항력감소장치들이 차량의 항력특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 트랙터-트레일러의 1/30 축소모형에 대해 ??의 레이놀즈수 영역과 -10˚∼ +10˚의 yaw각 범위에서 풍동실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 가장 효율적인 항력감소장치는 3차원 형상의 Modified roof-fairing 으로서 yaw 각이 0˚일 때 32%의 항력감소를 나타내었으며, Sub-trailer는 장치의 길이가 길수록 좋은 항력감소 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 각 항력감소장치들은 레이놀즈수의 변화보다 yaw각의 변화에 더 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. Modified roof-fairing and sub-trailer using the shape of Rankine half-body were developed to decrease the aerodynamic drag of a tractor-trailer truck. A wind-tunnel investigation was conducted to determine the influence of these drag reduction devices on the drag characteristics of a tractor-trailer. The measurement were made on a 1/30th scale model at Reynolds number range of ?? and yaw angle range of -10˚∼ +10˚. The 3-dimensional modified roof-fairing which was found to be the most effective drag reduction device results in 32% reduction at zero yaw drag coefficient. Sub-trailer is more effective as the length of the sub-trailer increases. The drag reduction devices were more affected by the variation of yaw angles and the variation of Reynolds numbers.
복합재료 이론에 의한 2차원 상판 구조물의 정확하고 간단한 해석
김준민,한봉구 서울산업대학교 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.2
대부분의 건설기술자들은 강판형교나 콘크리트 교량을 단위 폭을 가진 보로 해석 하나 이러한 구조물은 엄연히 복합재료로 이루어진 판(plate) 구조이다. 이러한 구조물은 균등단면에 등분포하중을 받고 4변 단순 지지된 경우가 아니면 정확한 해석이 불가능하다. 복합 재료의 이론은 일반 기술자들이 이해하기 힘드나, 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 비교적 쉽게 정확히 해석하는 방법을 제시하고, 예로서 3경간 연속 판 교량과 포스트텐션된 강교의 해석을 보여준다.