A Study on Wearable Airbag System Applied with Convolutional Neural Networks for Safety of Motorcycle

Joo Woo,So‑Hyeon Jo,Jae‑Hoon Jeong,Min Kim,Gi‑Sig Byun 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.2

Injuries to the head and the neck are the most frequent in the event of motorcycle accidents. But enough research has not been done to protect the neck. This paper presents an airbag system that recognizes the accident situation with Artifcial Intelligence to protect the driver’s neck area from motorcycle accident situations when driving. In some papers with similar themes, most of them are judged based on a critical point. However, in the case of an accident judgment using the critical point, a malfunction may occur such that the airbag operates when a similar operation is performed, or the airbag does not operate due to failing to pass the critical point at the time of an accident. Artifcial intelligence was used to avoid malfunctions and inconveniences. Artifcial intelligence can solve the problem of malfunction that occurs when it is judged as a critical point and can solve the inconvenience of commercialized products. The CNN presented in this paper can solve these two problems, and the accuracy of accident judgment is as high as 95.75%. Through the MPU 6050 sensor, it operates the airbag by determining the accident situation using the Artifcial Intelligence that was learned in advance through the information on acceleration and angular velocity of the driver’s movements that were measured in real time. To make Artifcial Intelligence learn, the data were collected by dividing several types of accidents on motorcycles. In this paper, the Artifcial Intelligence made by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) method and the Artifcial Intelligence made by Neural Networks (NN) method is compared, and it is confrmed that the performance such as Test Accuracy or Train Accuracy of CNN is better.

무예 관련 영화 사례 연구

이주우(Joowoo Lee),김민섭(Minsub Kim),정래현(Raehyeon Jeoung),박선교(Seungjun Park),한승준(Sunhee Han),이선희(Sunhee Lee) 한국무예학회 2013 무예연구 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 영상문화의 사회적, 교육적 영향력을 고려하여 무예 관련 영화의 동 향을 살펴보고 향후 무예계의 발전방안을 모색하는데 목적을 두고 사례연구를 실 시하였다. 한국영화데이터베이스(KMDB)를 통해 영화, 다큐멘터리, 기록물, 애니메이션 등의 자료를 수집하였고 EXCEL 2008 프로그램을 이용하여 개별 입력한 후 연구 목적에 따라 전산처리 하였다. 연구의 결과, 1966년 이후 많은 무예 영화들이 제작 및 상영되었으며, 영상물별 분석한 결과 극영화가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 주제별 영화를 분석한 결 과 다양한(기타) 무예 영화가 제작 및 상영되었다. 기타로 분류된 항목을 제외한 무예 장르를 연도별로 분석한 결과 소림무술, 검, 태권도, 결투 및 싸움, 특정인물을 주제로 꾸준히 제작 및 상영된 것으로 나타났다. In this study, therefore social, educational influence visual culture is large, we conducted a case study by placing the aim of analyzing the tendency of the film related to the ball, presenting the direction of the role of part of Muye future. After collect materials movies and documentaries, and animation, using the program EXCEL2008, were the individual inputs, a Korean movie database was computerized processing according to research purposes. Studies have since 1966, many films are screened and made , as a result of the video by analysis, it was found that most movies . In addition, as a result of analysis of the movie theme, a variety of other martial arts movie was screened and production . Results were analyzed by year the genre of martial arts other than, it was found that the fight Shaolin martial arts, sword, Taekwondo, a duel, it was screened with production steadily on the theme of a particular person .

LC/MS/MS 및 GC/MS/MS를 이용한 폐사 조류 주변 시료 분석 방법 평가

이두희 ( Doo-hee Lee ),허유정 ( Yujeong Huh ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

본 연구에서는 조류 폐사시 신속한 원인 규명을 위하여 농약 510종에 대하여 물, 먹이(열매, 쌀알), 토양 및 조류사체(위장, 간) 등의 정도관리를 실시함으로써 분석방법을 평가하였다. 시료의 전처리는 사전 blank 테스트를 통해 농약성분이 없는 열매, 쌀알, 토양, 조류사체의 경우 QuEChERS 방법 중 AOAC 방법을 적용하여 실시하였으며 물은 HLB 카트리지를 이용한 고상추출법(SPE)을 이용하였다. 전처리된 시료는 LC/MS/MS 및 GC/MS/MS을 이용하여 분석하였으며 방법검출한계, 검량한계, 정확도, 정밀도 등의 정도관리 결과를 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 물시료에서 정량한계는 평균 7.796 ng/L 였으며 정확도 및 정밀도는 17.85~141.2% 및 0.287~20.3%로써 acephate (28.6%), Imazapic (33.4%) 등 41항목을 제외한 469 항목에서 적합한 결과를 보였다. 열매, 쌀알, 토양 시료에 대한 정량한계는 평균 12.20, 12.38, 10.56 ng/g로 매질별 큰 차이가 없었으며, 정확도 및 정밀도는 10.67~125.85%, 14.78~154.55%, 18.15~151.74% 및 0.49~17.35%, 1.49~21.10%, 1.42~16.14% 수준이였다. 위장 및 간의 정량한계는 각각 1.63~121.97 ng/g 및 1.56~114.32 ng/g였으며, 정확도 는 11.64~152.11%, 12.88~146.63%로써 imazapic (25.95%), cyromazine (21.12%), imidacloprid (20.29%) 등 극성도가 높거나 쉽게 분해되는 항목에서 낮게 나타났다. 정밀도는 위장 및 간에서 각각 0.943~14.43% 및 1.34~20.25%로써 기준치 30% 이하의 값을 보였다. 본 연구는 조류 폐사체 주변 시료의 잔류 농약 분석에 위한 적절한 방법이며, 향후 조류 폐사 발생시 원인을 신속히 규명 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Analytical methods for hexabromocyclododecanes in comsumer products

Doo-Hee Lee,Sinwoo Lee,Sang-ho Go,JooWoo Choi 한국분석과학회 2017 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

고분해능 질량분석기를 이용한 폐사조류 중 다성분 잔류농약 탐색

이두희 ( Doo-hee Lee ),허유정 ( Yujeong Huh ),김보경 ( Bo-kyong Kim ),정현미 ( Hyen-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

The objective of this study was to evaluate screening method of residual multi pesticides in dead birds by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to identify the cause of death for birds. Extraction and clean-up method of residual pesticides in stomach and liver of dead birds was used QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe) EMR method. Method validations were evaluated by linearity, method detection limit (MDL), limits of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy and precision using liquid chromatography and gas chroamtography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS and GC/MS/MS). Also, we were evaluated screening method for the determination of residual pesticides in stomach and liver of dead birds by LC and GC Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Detection and identification were determinated on mass accuracy, isotope pattern, MS/MS fragment pattern and library match by deconvolution program. Results of method validations, Correlation coefficients of the matrix matched calibration curves were >0.978, and the method detection limits (MDLs) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 2.8~72.1 ng/g (18.4 ng/g on average) and 9.0~230 ng/g (58.5 ng/g on average). The accuracy ranged from 69.1% to 130% (103% on average), and the precision values were less than 14.8% (3.8% on average). The screening of residual pesticides in stomach and liver of dead birds by LC and GC Orbitrap HRMS was detected monocrotophos, carbofuran, carbosulfan, deltametrin, benfuracarb, carbofuran, phosphamidon and prochloraz in investigated samples. This results showed that accurate mass were extraction of residual pesticides in dead birds by Orbitrap HRMS. It suggested that this screening method is applicable to the residual pesticide analysis for the cause of death as a main tool.

국내 폐사 조류 체내 중 잔류농약 분석

이두희 ( Doo-hee Lee ),김보경 ( Bo-kyong Kim ),손기동 ( Kidong Son ),김용식 ( Youngsik Kim ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

본 연구에서는 농약 중독으로 폐사가 예측된 조류의 원인 물질을 확인하기 위하여 503종의 잔류 농약 분석을 실시하였다. 시험에 사용된 시료는 2017년 상반기 국내에서 폐사된 직박구리, 떼까마 귀, 가창오리, 청둥오리, 비둘기 등 총 27시료에서 위 내용물 및 간을 대상으로 실시하였다. 시료 의 전처리는 QuEChERS 방법 중 AOAC 방법(Na-acetate 1.5 g과 MgSO₄ 6 g 첨가)을 적용하여 추 출한 후 EMR dSPE-lipid kit와 EMR Polish kit를 이용하여 정제하였다. 전처리된 시료는 LC/MS/MS 및 GC/MS/MS을 이용하여 MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) 모드에서 잔류농약을 측정하였다. 또한, 시험전 시료 전처리 방법의 적합성을 확인하기 위해서 유기인산계 농약, 유기염 소계 농약, 피디린계 농약 등 다양한 농약류 중 250항목을 선정하여 방법검출한계, 검량한계, 정확 도, 정밀도 등의 정도관리를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 방법검출한계는 3.9∼79.9 ng/g, 정량한계는 12.5∼254.5 ng/g, 정확도 및 정밀도는 53.7∼126.4% 및 0.5∼19.6%로 나타났다. 시료 분석 결과, 직박구리 위내용물 시료에서는 monocrotophos, carbofuran, phosphamidon이 6.62~14.22 mg/kg으로 나타났으며 직박구리 간 시료에서는 동일한 농약류에서 N.D~9.59 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 떼까 마귀 위내용물 및 간 시료에서는 monocrotophos가 각각 6.62~14.23 mg/kg, 0.37~13.7 mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 가창오리 위내용물에서는 monocrotophos, benfracarb 및 carbofuran이 0.72~280.2 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 청둥오리 위내용물 시료에서는 carbofuran, carbosulfan 및 deltamethrin이 38.3~280.2 mg/kg로 나타났으며, 비둘기 위내용물 시료에서는 benfracarb 및 carbofuran이 50.5~156.8 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 국내 농약 중독으로 폐사된 조류의 원인 물질은 시중 판매되고 있는 benfracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, deltamethrin, monocrotophos 및 phosphamidon이며, 특히 carbofuran 및 monocrotophos가 주된 원인물질임을 확인하였다.

탈질미생물을 활용한 질산염의 질소 및 산소 안정동위원소비 동시 분석기법 정립

김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),이신우 ( Sin-woo Lee ),박재선 ( Jae-seon Park ),박현우 ( Hyun-woo Park ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

Current research introduces utilization of stable isotope for identification of nitrogen sources with conventional approaches (bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope of POM and nitrogen isotope of DIN) as well as new approaches (nitrogen and oxygen isotopes) in freshwater ecosystem. In this study organic matter origin and nitrogen sources is possibly traced by both approaches suggesting that nitrogen sources should be identified in freshwater ecosystem using multiple stable isotope methods. In order to determine the suitable sample concentration required for high precision and accuracy and the factors required for optimal equipment conditions, certified reference materials were repeatedly measured with various concentration range using TG-IRMS. To evaluate the precision and accuracy of our analytical resutls, three reference materials (IAEA-NO-3, USGS 34 and USGS 35) were analyzed repeatedly. Measured δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O values of IAEA-NO-3, USGS34 and USGS35 were 4.7±0.1‰ and 25.6±0.5‰, and -1.8±0.1‰ and -27.8±0.4‰, and 2.7±0.2‰ and 57.5±0.7‰, respectively. These data are all consistent with recommended values within the error. This indicates that our established method and measurement is reliable and thus can be widely used to trace the contamination source of nitrate in freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, organic matter origin and nitrogen sources is possibly traced by denitrification method suggesting that nitrogen sources should be identified in freshwater ecosystem using multiple stable isotope methods.

탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소비를 이용한 입자성 유기물의 기원 추적

김민섭 ( Min-seob Kim ),윤숙희 ( Suk-hee Yoon ),이신우 ( Sin-woo Lee ),임보라 ( Bo-ra Lim ),박재선 ( Jae-seon Park ),박현우 ( Hyun-woo Park ),정현미 ( Hyun-mi Jung ),최종우 ( Joowoo Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-

Organic carbon and total nitrogen stable isotope ratios of particulate organic matter were determined at 7 stations in Han river from May to September 2015. Bukhan river samples show lower δ¹³C value than dam and Kyeongan stream samples. Difference of flow rate at each point seems the main reason. δ¹³C of all sampling point seemed to be influenced by terrestrial plant (C3 plant) or soil (-32~-22 ‰). δ¹⁵N of Kyeongan stream point seemed to be influenced by manure or sewage, but that of Bughan river sampling point seemed to be influenced by soil. In rainly season, fluctuation of δ¹⁵N is narrow because of dilution and mixing with heavy rain. From the POC/Chlorophyll-a ratio data, organic matter source of dam, Namhan river and Kyeongan stream sampling points seem to come from autochthonous organic matter, and Bughan river data comes from allochthonous organic matter. Kyeongan stream sampling point indicates higher POC concentration and good correlation (r²=0.74~0.94)withchlorophyll-a than other 3 sampling points. Large decrease of δ¹⁵N at Bughan river in August, 2015 was assumed that N-fixing blue-green algae was sharply increased. δ¹⁵N of Bughan river point seemed to be influenced by terrestrial debris (June, 2015), synthetic fertilizer (August, 2015) and soil(June and August, 2015). Sharp decrease of δ ¹³C at Kyeongan stream in August, 2015 seems to be influenced by the drop of amount of photosynthesis. Then, chlorophyll-a concentration was decreased too. Dilution caused by heavy rain in 2015 also seems to decrease δ15N. δ¹⁵N of Kyeongan stream point seemed to be influenced by sewage or manure in 2015.