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Jonguk Lee,손병호,Saebyul Lee,Jong Won Lee,Beom Seok Ko,Hee Jeong Kim,Jisun Kim,Il Yong Chung,Guiyun Sohn,Sei Hyun Ahn 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of Breast Disease Vol.4 No.2
Purpose: The effect of delays in surgical treatment on survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer remains uncertain, but it is an issue of importance to both patients and clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of delayed surgical treatment on survival and tumor progression such as changes in tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Methods: Among 1,219 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at Asan Medical Center between January 2008 and December 2008, 1,074 patients were finally included in the study following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups based on the interval between diagnosis and surgery: ≤30 days (group 1) and >30 days (group 2). We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, changes in tumor size and axillary lymph-node status, and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. Results: Between group 1 and group 2, there were no differences in clinical characteristics or in changes in tumor size between findings based on ultrasonography (USG) with biopsy at diagnosis and pathologic results (p=0.134). Furthermore, changes in tumor size and lymph-node status between USG results at Asan Medical Center and pathologic results also showed no differences (p=0.249 and p=0.233, respectively). There were also no significant differences in DFS (p=0.395) or OS (p=0.813). Conclusion: Our study showed that short-term delays of ≤2 months between diagnosis and surgery for breast cancer do not negatively affect cancer progression or survival rates.
Jonguk Kim,Kiseong Hyeong,Chan Min Yoo,Jai-Woon Moon,Ki-Hyune Kim,Young-Tak Ko,Insung Lee 한국지질과학협의회 2005 Geosciences Journal Vol.9 No.4
Textural and geochemical properties of ferroman-ganese crust (Fe-Mn crust) samples from four adjacent seamountsnear the Marshall Islands were investigated to delineate the pale-oceanographic condition on their growth history. The Fe-Mn crustsamples of this study show four distinct layers (layers 1 to 4 fromtop to bottom). The uppermost layer 1 is massive and black, andis enriched in hydrogenetic elements such as Mn, Co, Ni, and Mo.The next layer 2 is porous and filled with sediment. Detrital (Al,Rb, and Ti) and biogenic (Cu, Zn, and Ba) elements are enrichedin layer 2. The layers 3 and 4 are phosphatized layers which areimpregnated with carbonate fluorapatite (CFA), and thereforetheir primary mineralogy and geochemistry were not preserved.The property of layer 2 suggested that this layer had grown underthe condition of high biogenic and detrital flux. Such a conditionmay be met in the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) wherethe northeast and southeast trade winds met. Considering thehave formed when these seamounts were beneath the ITCZ. On theother hand, layer 1 may have started to grow after the seamountsmoved out of the ITCZ with the northwestward movement of thePacific plate. Our study indicates that the Fe-Mn crusts can beused to trace the paleolocation of ITCZ when precise age determi-nation and information on the plate movement are provided.