Bounded Variaton의 特性에 關하여

裵鍾洙 서울교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1985 科學과 數學敎育 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper we shall consider the important class of functions which are called "bounded variation"(BV). First we shall introduce the notion of "bounded variation" on a compact interval〔a,b〕and complete proofs of its general properties. Particulary, we shall show that BV〔a,b〕is a vector space and furthermore a normed space. Next, we shall give the short proof of Jordan decomposition theorem and give the interrelation between bounded variation and differentiability, integrability and absolute continuity, respectively.

畿湖學派의 心性論[Ⅱ]

裵宗鎬 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1977 人文科學 Vol.37 No.-

The gist of Yulkok’s philosophy is in his statement that Li and Chi have an inseparable relationship and that Li and Chi are two as well as one and vice versa. Even Yulkok himself says it is difficult to understand the declicacies of Li and Chi. In short, his standpoint is that “Chi includes Li(氣包理). Therefore, in explicating the principle of Chi and that of Li contained in his theroy of sungjeoung-ron(性情論) and four dans and seven jeongs, he says that kijil ji sung(氣質之性) embraces bon-nion ji sung(本然之性), seven jeongs embracing four dans. This is a natural consequence in view of his theory that Chi encloses Li. Then in his theory of the ordinary mind, it must be construed that the ordinary mind encloses the refined mind. Despite this expected reasoning, he reasons in this case that the former and the latter are relative, and that the two minds occurs “in turns,”which he calls the theory of alternation, which is meant by him that what is the ordinary mind at first could be changed into what is the refined mind and vice versa. This is a contradiction that could be found in his theory of shim-sung ron. Therefore, I propose that we reexamine and revise Yulkok’s shim-sung-ron in order to clarify the contradiction and the lack of consistency in his philosophy

기저핵출혈의 동측에 발생한 편측 무도병 1예

오종배,김한준,전범석,노재규,노재규 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

畿湖學派의 心性論

裵宗鎬 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1976 人文科學 Vol.35 No.-

The Kiho School originated by Lee Yulkok,(李栗谷) whose theory is based on the Theory of Oneness of Li Qurriding Ch'i(氣發理一途說), thus oppoes to the Theory of Mutual Happening of Principle and Energy propounded by Lee Toegae(李退溪), Consequently, in the theory of human nature, Yulkok, based upon the principle that mind indicatis ch'i and human nature is li(心是氣性則理). classifies human nature into moral nature(本然之性) and disposition(氣質之性). However, by pursuing disposition enclosed in li inherent in ch'i, moral nature is absorbed in disposition. This is the theory nomed Disposition Enclosing Inherent Moral Nature(氣質之性包本然之性). Thus, in the matter of feeling as the beginning of temperament, Yolkok discriminates four beginnings(四端) and seven feelings(七情). In his case, therefore, four beginnings are absorbed in seven feelings. Thus, in his case again, feeling becomes seven feelings enclosing four beginnings, and seven feelings exist in both good and evil, and four beginnings in pure goodness; in consequence, the four beginnings point to goodness alone enclose in the seven feelings. On the other hand, Toegae maintains the theory of Multual Eruption of Li and Ch'i; consequently, reason originates in four beginnings and seven feelings in ch'i. Thus his theory becomes four-Seven Li-Ch'i Multual Eruption(四七理氣互發說). On the other hand in the case of Yulkok, since ch'i erupts, with li overriding ch'i, ch'i is the only one originating in eruption, and li simply rides over ch'i as a principle inherent in ch'i origin. Therefore, the conceptual differences concerning four beginnings and seven feelings occur between Toegae and Yulkok. The former holds that four beginnings is pure goodness as the origin of li, and seven feelings points to existence of both and good and evil as the origin of ch'i whereas the latter holds that seven feelings are the sum total of feelings, and four beginnings only point to that part of goodness included in seven feelings. The idea of seven feelings embrasing four beginnings corresponds to his theory of disposition holding moral nature. To put this in modern terms, Yulkok's seven feelings means the combination of reason and sensibility, but Toegae's four beginnings implies reason and his seven feelings implies sensitivity. And Yulkok's philosophical structure, standing on the fundamental stance of the theory that “li embraces and penetrates all but ch'i is limited”(理通氣局說) serves as the source of Ho-rak disputes among the later scholars.

Swanson의 주의력결핍 장애척도의 한국판 표준화

이종범,박성찬,정성덕,김진성,서완석,배대석,주열 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

연구목적 : 한국판 Swanson의 주의력 결핍 장애 척도(이하 SNAP)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하고, 이를 국내 실정에서 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환자를 선별할 수 있는 평가용 도구로서 적합한지 여부와 연구에 사용할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 7월 1일부터 2001년 9월 30일까지 영남대학교 의료원 신경정신과 외래를 방문한 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환자 392명과 정상대조군 432명을 대상으로 SNAP을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 남녀 간의 SNAP 척도 점수비교에서, 환자군에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 정상 대조군에서는 남자가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.01 ∼ .001). 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증에서 신뢰도 계수는 각 하위 척도에서 .85에서 .92로 모두 만족할 만큼 높았다(p<.05). 내적일관성에 의한 신뢰도 검증에서 정상 및 환자군에서 각 하위척도별로 Cronbach α값이 .80(p.05)이상으로 나타났고, 반분신뢰도는 정상 및 환자군에서 각 하위척도별로 0.731에서 .866사이였다(p<.05). 주의결핍장애 평가 척도-가정관(Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-Home Version) 및 소아기 집중력 문제 척도(Childhood Attentin Problem Scale)와의 준거 타당도는 ADHD 환자군에서 .342에서 .713사이였고(p<.05), 정상 대조군에서 .551에서 .789였다(p<.05). 요인분석을 해 본 결과 본 척도는 3개의 요인으로 분류되었는데, 부주의(inattention) 요인, 충동성/과잉행동(impulsivity/hyperactivity)요인, 또래 관계(peer interaction)요인으로 구분되었다. 본 척도가 정상인과 환자를 감별할 수 있는 척도인가를 알아보기 위한 감별 타당도 검사를 해본 결과 87.5%를 분류하여 높게 나타났다. 환자와 정상인을 구분하는 점수인 절단점은 표준편차 1.5를 절단점으로 잡을 때 이는 백분율로 93percentile에 해당하는 점수로서 각 소척도 점수에서 남자(0.98∼1.65)와 여자(0.64∼1.38)의 절단점이 다르게 나타났으며 남자가 높게 나타났다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 한국판 SNAP 평가 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도가 입증되었고 환자를 판별하는 능력이 우수하여 향후 ADHD 연구에 유용한 도구로 사료된다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine reliability and validity of Swanson's attention deficit disorder sacale(SNAP). Method : SNAP was administered to 432 elementary school students and 392 patients who were diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Yeungnam university hospital from 1998 July to 2001 September. Results : In the reliability test, the test-retest reliability coefficient was significantly high and that of inattention was 0.85, that of impulsivity was 0.90, that of hyperactivity was 0.90 and that of peer interaction was 0.92(p<.05). In the reliability test by internal consistency, the Cronbach α coefficient was above 0.80 at each subscale in both patients and normal control group(p<.05). The split-half reliability coefficient by first-second half method showed high correlation and those of each scales were from 0.731 to 0.866 in both patients and normal control group(p<.05). The criterion validity of SNAP with Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-Home Version(ADDES-HA) and Childhood Attention Problem Scale(CAP) scale was from 0.342 to 0.713 in patients group, from 0.551 to 0.789 in normal control group(p<0.05). The discriminant ability between ADHD and normal subjects by SNAP was 87.5%. Conclusion : In this point of view, SNAP scale showed high reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects and was proved to be useful screening tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reserch.

구조화된 평가척도와 신경심리검사를 이용한 외상성 뇌 손상 환자의 주관적 증상 연구

이종범,김오룡,김진성,서완석,배대석 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구에서는 외상성 뇌 손상 환자의 주관적인 증상의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 그 주관적인 증상의 정도와 관련한 인구동태학적 요인, 뇌 손상의 특성, 신경심리학적 평가결과 및 MMPI 성적을 비교한 뒤 주관적인 정신증상의 정도와 추정된 장애정도와의 일치정도에 따른 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 1999년 3월 1일부터 2003년 8월 31까지 두부외상 후 정신과적인 증상을 나타내어 진료를 받았거나 자문이 의뢰된 경우 및 후유장애 평가를 위해 내원한 환자 498명 중 배제기준에 해당하지 않는 18세 이상 성인 281명에게 SCL-90-R, K-WAIS, K-MAS, K-BNT 및 MMPI를 실시하였다. 주관적 정신과적 증상 정도에 따른 특성을 알아보기 위해 연구대상자는 SCL-90-R의 표출증상의 문항당 평균점수를 바탕으로 주관적인 정신과적 증상이 경미한 집단(minimal distress group), 경한 집단(mild distress group), 증등도 집단(moderate distress group), 심한 집단(severe distress group)으로 구분하고, SCL-90-R을 수행하지 못한 집단을 불능집단(failed group)으로 구분하여 그 성적을 비교하였다. 그리고 SCL-90-R을 비롯한 신경심리검사 및 MMPI를 온전히 수행한 180명을 대상으로 주관적 증상의 정도와 추정된 장애 정도를 비교하여 주관적 증상의 정도와 추정된 장애정도가 일치하는 집단(no difference group), 주관적 증상의 정도에 비해 추정된 장애정도가 심한 집단(faking good group) 그리고 주관적 증상의 정도에 비해 추정된 장애정도가 약한 집단(faking bad group)으로 구분하여 성적을 비교하였다. 첫 번째, 주관적 증상의 정도에 따라 SCL-90-R의 성적을 비교한 결과에서, 주관적 증상의 정도에 따라 SCL-90-R의 하위척도 및 전체지표에서 유의한 차이(p<.001)가 있음이 확인되었다. 주관적 증상과 추정된 손상정도의 일치정도에 따른 구분에서도 각 집단 간에 하위척도 및 전체지표에서 유의한 차이(p<.001)가 있었지만 공포불안 척도의 점수가 다른 척도 점수에 비해 높은 프로파일 형태를 보이고 있었다. 두 번째, 주관적인 증상의 정도에 따라 신경심리검사 성적을 비교한 결과에서, 지능의 경우 주관적인 증상이 심할수록 사고 후 지능수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 주관적 증상을 과소평가한 집단은 차이가 없는 집단과 동일하거나 더 나은 지적능력을 유지하고 있는 것으로도 나타났다. 세 번째, 주관적인 증상정도에 따른 기억능력을 비교한 결과 주관적 증상이 심할수록 기억능력이 저하되어 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 주관적인 증상을 과소평가한 집단의 수행이 다른 집단에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 한국판 이름대기 검사에서도 이와 동일한 수행성적을 보이고 있었다. 네 번째, MMPI에서는 주관적 증상의 정도 혹은 추정된 손상의 일치정도와는 상관없이 주관적 증상을 경미하게 호소하고 있는 집단을 제외하고는 외상성 뇌 손상 환자들이 기본적인 신경증적인 증상을 경험하고 있었으며, 주관적 증상의 정도가 심할수록 정신병적 증상들을 주로 호소하고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 외상성 뇌 손상의 주관적 증상이 심하던 그렇지 않던 혹은 추정된 손상정도의 일치여부와는 상관없이 이들이 신경증적인 증상을 공통적으로 경험하고 있음이 확인되었으며, 증상의 과대호소를 위하여 주로 정신증적 증상을 사용하고 있었다. 그리고 외상성 뇌손상이 있은 뒤 인지적 기능수준이 나을수록 자신의 정신과적 증상을 과소평가할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Objectives : To search for the character of subjective symptom among traumatic brain injury patient, we tried to investigate the level of subjective symptoms and the character of the discrepancy between subjective symptoms and suggested disability. The factors such as demographic factors, characteristics of head trauma, the score of neuropsychological test and MMPI were compared for those subjective symptoms. Methods : SCL-90-R, K-WAIS, K-MAS, K-BNT and MMPI was conducted for 281 patients who are suitable for this study with age over 18, out of 498 patients who visited hospital for their psychiatric symptoms after traumatic brain injury or disability evaluation after requesting consult from Mar 1, 1999 to Aug 31, 2003. Subjects were categorized based on the positive symptom total in SCL-90-R as four groups such as minimal distress group to observe character depending on the subjective symptoms level. Mild distress group, moderate distress group, and severe distress group and compared with failed group which couldn't perform SCL-90-R. And 180 patients of all of tests conducted, were divided to the three groups such as no difference group, faking good group, and faking bad group by comparing the level of subjective symptoms to suggested disability and assessed its results. Results : In the result of SCL-90-R depending on the subjective symptom level, there was significant difference (p<.001) in subscale and global index of SCL-90-R. There was also significant difference(p<.001) in the division depending on the discrepancy between subjective symptoms and suggested disability on subscale and global index in each group. However, the score in phobic anxiety scale was high other than subscale score. The result of neuropsychological test depending on the level of subjective symptoms represented more severe in subjective symptoms and lower in intelligence after traumatic brain injury. But, even or better intellectual capability was possessed in faking good group by comparing to no difference group. Memory ability is reduced as subjective symptoms severe and faking good group was superior in its performance. The same result was shown in K-BNT. Regardless of the level of subjective symptoms or discrepancy of the subjective symptoms between suggested disability, traumatic, brain injury patients(except the group appealed minimal distress) experienced basic neurotic symptoms and they appealed psychotic symptoms as the level of subjective symptoms is severe in MMPI. Conclusion : In this research, All the patient commonly have experienced neurotic symptom weather the symptom of traumatic brain injury patients is severe or not. Psychotic symptoms was mainly used for the faking bad of symptom and proved that they underestimated their psychiatric symptoms with better cognitive function level after traumatic brain injury.

악성 위궤양의 형태를 보인 원발성 위결핵 1예

한종대,이동욱,심성준,류운석,안현택,박찬욱,김배영,이미선 大韓消化器內視鏡學會 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.부록2

人蔘脂溶牲 成分이 四鹽化炭素 投與 白鼠의 蛋白質代謝에 미치는 影響

朴鍾培,柳總根 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.1

In order to observe a part of the effect of Ginseng fat soluble components (Gx) on the protein metabolism under CCI₄ poisoning, 192 male and female albino rats were taken as subjects which were divided into 6 experimental groups i.e. control grop; CCI₄ group which were observed after CCI₄ and been administered only one time; Gx group which were observed administering Ginseng one time daily; CCI₄+Gx group which were observed administering Ginseng one time daily after CCI₄ had been administered, Gx+CCI₄ group to which CCI₄ was administered only on time after Ginseng had been administered 6 times; and Gx_CCI₄+Gx group to which Ginseng was administered one time daily after CCI₄ had been administered following a 6th time administration of Ginseng. Programed administrations of Ginseng or CCI₄ were given to each corresponding groups at several periods i.e. 1,2,4,6 and 8 days after the intial administration of given doses, changes of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea nitrogen, transaminase (GOT) of serum and total nitrogen observed at each period were measured and the results obtained are as follows: 1. Gx administration was found to have the ability to decrease the elevated SGOT activity resulting from administration of CCI₄ and induce rapid recrovery from such an elevated level and the extent of such a dereasing action was greatest in Gx+CCI₄+Gx group, than Gx+CCI₄ group, and the least in CCI₄+Gx group. 2. Gx+CCI₄+Gx group showed nearly no change in serum albumin level, and being in second place, Gx administering groups (CCI₄+Gx group, Gx+CCI₄ group) showed small change. 3. Gx administering groups showed more increase in globulin level at 1-2 day period than the CCI₄ group and during the same period A/G ratio was found inverted. 4. Total nitrogen amount in the liver was remarkably decreased in Gx administering groups at 2 day period. 5. Urea nitrogen was increased in CCI₄ group at 2 day period, whereas Gx administering groups showed decreases. 6. Great changes in electrophoresis fractions were found in α₁-and r-globulin fractions at 1-2 day period. For more detail a. α₁-globulin; Gx administering groups showed lower increases than the CCI₄ group at 2 day period. b. r-globulin; Gx_CCI₄ group and CCI₄+Gx group showed more increases than the CCI₄ group at 1-2 day period. 7. α₂-globulin, revealing characteristic pattern, was increased to the same extent in all the Gx administerings groups during Gx administering period, thus Gx was estimated to increase the α₂-globulin component.

중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

부산 북항지역 해양 탄성파탐사

김진후,정성기,배종견,박찬우 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1995 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

A marine seismic exploration with 3.5khz sub-bottom profiler was carried out as a part of preliminary geological survey in the Buckhang area, Pusan, where an ocean bridge is considered to be constructed connecting Chunghak-dong, Yongdo-ku with Kamman-dong, Nam-ku. The seismic survey was conducted on the 10 survey lines(total length of 10km), and the aim of this survey was to profile depth of bedrock and investigate subsurface structures such as faults and fracture zones that might be present in the area. The subsurface structure consists of the upper sediment layer and the lower acoustic bedrock. The thin sediment layer covers the bedrock on the west and is getting thicker eastward. The bedrock depth also increases eastward, up to 15m at the west area and 24m in the east area. A minor fault is known to exist at the shore of Chunghak-dong, Youngdo-ku, but there is no evidence that indicates the existence of fault or fracture zones over the study area.