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朴琮熙 울산대학교 1994 경영학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.1
본연구는 유통경로상의 組織間 關係에 관한 다양한 이론적 틀을 체계적으로 정리, 비교한 것이다. 이를 위해 資源依存理論, 구조컨틴전시이론, 去來費用接近, 政治經濟的 接近의 개념과 이들을 유통경로부문에 도입한 연구들을 검토하였다. 이를 토대로 각 이론을 비교하였으며 이들의 相互補完的 適用에 대해 논의하였다. This article reviews some theoretical frameworks of interorganizational relations in channels of distribution. It includes resource dependence theory, structural contingency theory, transaction cost approach, and political economy approach. Selected empirical studies using these frameworks are briefly reviewed, and suggestions for future research directions are made.
문희정,장병익,김승범,이호찬,박재현,은종렬,김태년 영남대학교 의과대학 2008 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.25 No.2
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that affects the large bowel, Its etiology remains controversial. However, an infectious or immunologic origin is considered the primary cause. The onset of UC is typically slow and insidious, but some patients may present acutely with symptoms mimicking infectious colitis. We report a case of ulcerative colitis mimicking acute hemorrhagic colitis at initial presentation. A 60-year-old man was referred to Yeungnam University Hospital for bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Sigmoidoscopy revealed mildly edematous mucosa in the rectum and hyperemic mucosa with petechiae in the sigmoid colon. The patient was treated with antibiotics for several days, and his symptoms improved. However, after one month, his bloody diarrhea relapsed. Follow-up sigmoidoscopy revealed mucosal friability in the rectum and sigmoid colon. He was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, and his symptoms were improved with mesalazine and a steroid enema.
cDNA array 방법을 이용한 망간에 노출된 흰쥐 뇌기저핵의 유전자발현 분석
이채관,노성민,문덕환,,김정호,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,김정원,김종은,안진홍,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Objectives: This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis. Methods: For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 ㎎/㎏ B. W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ㎖) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 ㎎/㎏ B. W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [α^(32)P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array Ⅱ and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression. Results: Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twenty-eight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap 1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap 1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose ( 0.2 ㎎/㎏ B.W./day). Conclusions: Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.
The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations
Jones, C. D.,Hughes, J. K.,Bellouin, N.,Hardiman, S. C.,Jones, G. S.,Knight, J.,Liddicoat, S.,O&,apos,Connor, F. M.,Andres, R. J.,Bell, C.,Boo, K.-O.,Bozzo, A.,Butchart, N.,Cadule, P.,Corbin, K. D. Copernicus GmbH 2011 Geoscientific model development Vol.4 No.3
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including the central question of how the climate system is likely to respond to human-induced perturbations, is comprehensively captured in GCMs and Earth System Models (ESM). Diagnosing the simulated climate response, and comparing responses across different models, is crucially dependent on transparent assumptions of how the GCM/ESM has been driven - especially because the implementation can involve subjective decisions and may differ between modelling groups performing the same experiment. This paper outlines the climate forcings and setup of the Met Office Hadley Centre ESM, HadGEM2-ES for the CMIP5 set of centennial experiments. We document the prescribed greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol precursors, stratospheric and tropospheric ozone assumptions, as well as implementation of land-use change and natural forcings for the HadGEM2-ES historical and future experiments following the Representative Concentration Pathways. In addition, we provide details of how HadGEM2-ES ensemble members were initialised from the control run and how the palaeoclimate and AMIP experiments, as well as the 'emission-driven' RCP experiments were performed.</p> </P>
ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS AND CLUSTERS
JONES T. W. The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
I briefly review the current theoretical status of the origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays with special emphasis on models associated with galaxy clusters. Some basic constraints on models are laid out, including those that apply both to so-called 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' models. The origins of these UHECRs remain an enigma; no model stands out as a clear favorite. Large scale structure formation shocks, while very attractive conceptually in this context, are unlikely to be able to accelerate particles to energies much above $10^{18}eV$. Terminal shocks in relativistic AGN jets seem to be more viable candidates physically, but suffer from their rarity in the local universe. Several other, representative, models are outlined for comparison.
Informed Consent for Scholarly Articles during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jones Xaviar Michael,Zimba Olena,Gupta Latika 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.3
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused a breakdown in the healthcare system worldwide. The need to rapidly update guidelines in order to control the transmission in the population and for evidenced-based healthcare care has led to the need for timely, voluminous and valid research. Amid the quest for a vaccine and better therapies, researchers clamouring for information has led to a wide variety of ethical issues due to the unique situation. This paper aims to examine the positive and negative aspects of recent changes in the process of obtaining informed consent. The article outlines the various aspects, from history, previously described exemptions to consenting as well as those implemented during the pandemic and the current impact of virtual methods. Further, the authors make recommendations based on the outcome of suggested adjustments described in the literature. This article looks into increasing the awareness of physicians and researchers about ethical issues that need to be addressed to provide optimal care for patients while assuring their integrity and confidentiality.
Multi-target-directed phenol–triazole ligands as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease
Jones, Michael R.,Mathieu, Emilie,Dyrager, Christine,Faissner, Simon,Vaillancourt, Zavier,Korshavn, Kyle J.,Lim, Mi Hee,Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy,Wee Yong, V.,Tsutsui, Shigeki,Stys, Peter K.,Storr, Tim Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical Science Vol.8 No.8
<▼1><P>A series of multi-target-directed ligands are described that bind Cu, act as antioxidants, modulate Aβ peptide aggregation, and abolish Aβ toxicity in primary neurons.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease that is characterized by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits. Increased oxidative stress, metal ion dysregulation, and the formation of toxic Aβ peptide oligomers are all considered to contribute to the etiology of AD. In this work we have developed a series of ligands that are multi-target-directed in order to address several disease properties. 2-(1-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-1<I>H</I>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol (<B>POH</B>), 2-(1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1<I>H</I>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol (<B>PMorph</B>), and 2-(1-(2-thiomorpholinoethyl)-1<I>H</I>-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenol (<B>PTMorph</B>) have been synthesized and screened for their antioxidant capacity, Cu-binding affinity, interaction with the Aβ peptide and modulation of Aβ peptide aggregation, and the ability to limit Aβ<SUB>1–42</SUB>-induced neurotoxicity in human neuronal culture. The synthetic protocol and structural variance incorporated <I>via</I> click chemistry, highlights the influence of R-group modification on ligand-Aβ interactions and neuroprotective effects. Overall, this study demonstrates that the phenol–triazole ligand scaffold can target multiple factors associated with AD, thus warranting further therapeutic development.</P></▼2>