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Lee, Wi Hyoung,Kwak, Donghoon,Anthony, John E.,Lee, Hwa Sung,Choi, Hyun Ho,Kim, Do Hwan,Lee, Seung Goo,Cho, Kilwon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced functional materials Vol.22 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The phase‐separation characteristics of spin‐cast difluorinated‐triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (F‐TESADT)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends are investigated with the aim of fabricating transistors with a high field‐effect mobility and stability. It is found that the presence of PMMA in the F‐TESADT/PMMA blends prevents dewetting of F‐TESADT from the substrate and provides a platform for F‐TESADT molecules to segregate and crystallize at the air–film interface. By controlling the solvent evaporation rate of the spin‐cast blend solution, it is possible to regulate the phase separation of the two components, which in turn determines the structural development of the F‐TESADT crystals on PMMA. At a low solvent evaporation rate, a bilayer structure consisting of highly ordered F‐TESAT crystals on the top and low‐trap PMMA dielectric on the bottom can be fabricated by a one‐step spin‐casting process. The use of F‐TESADT/PMMA blend films in bottom gate transistors produces much higher field‐effect mobilities and greater stability than homo F‐TESADT films because the phase‐separated interface provides an efficient pathway for charge transport.</P>
Lee, Seung-Hun,Kim, Ha-Young,Lee, Haeseung,Kim, Jong Wan,Lee, Yu-Ran,Chae, Myeong Ju,Oh, Sang-Ik,Kim, Jong Ho,Rhee, Man Hee,Kwon, Oh-Deog,Goo, Youn-Kyoung,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Geraldino, Paul John L,Kwak, Do BMJ Group Group Ltd 2018 The Veterinary record Vol.183 No.16
<P>This study evaluated the prevalence of <I>Eimeria</I> species, particularly <I>E bovis</I>, <I>E zuernii</I> and <I>E auburnensis</I> that are pathogenic to cattle, in faecal samples collected from cattle with diarrhoea reared in the Republic of Korea by using microscopy and PCR. In addition, the prevalence of <I>Eimeria</I> species was analysed according to age, type of cattle, region, season and nature of diarrhoea. Overall, <I>Eimeria</I> species were identified in 279 of the 1261 (22.1 per cent) faecal samples through microscopy, and statistical analysis revealed a lower prevalence in calves aged than three weeks or less and higher prevalence in cattle with haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Of the 279 microscopy-positive samples, <I>E bovis</I>, <I>E zuernii</I> and <I>E auburnensis</I> were identified in 100 (7.9 per cent), 83 (6.6 per cent) and 27 (2.1 per cent) faecal samples, respectively, by using PCR. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to apply PCR for epizootiology of bovine coccidiosis.</P>
Lee, Young-Woo,An, Geon-Hyoung,Kim, Byung-Sung,Hong, John,Pak, Sangyeon,Lee, Eun-Hwan,Cho, Yuljae,Lee, Juwon,Giraud, Paul,Cha, Seung Nam,Ahn, Hyo-Jin,Sohn, Jung Inn,Kim, Jong Min American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.27
<P>The ability to rationally design and manipulate the interfacial structure in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is of utmost technological importance for achieving desired performance requirements as it provides synergistic effects to the electrochemical properties and cycling stability of electrode materials. However, despite considerable efforts and progress made in recent years through the interface engineering based on active electrode materials, relatively little attention has been devoted to address the physical aspects of the interface and interfacial layer between the anode materials layer and the current collector. Here, we propose and successfully grow unique graphene directly on a Cu current collector as an ideal interfacial layer using the modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The anode with an engineered graphene interlayer exhibits remarkably improved electrochemical performances, such as large reversible specific capacity (921.4 mAh g(-1) at current density of 200 mA CI), excellent Coulombic efficiency (close to approximately 96%), and superior cycling capacity retention and rate properties compared to the bare Cu. These excellentelectrochemical features are discussed in terms of multiple beneficial effects of graphene on interfacial stability and adhesion between the anode and the collector, oxidation or corrosion resistance of the graphene grown Cu current collector, and electrical contact conductance during the charge/discharge process.</P>
Ha, Jungmin,Kim, Myoyeon,Kim, Moon Young,Lee, Taeyoung,Yoon, Min Young,Lee, Jayern,Lee, Yeong‐,Ho,Kang, Young‐,Gyu,Park, Jun Seong,Lee, John Hwan,Lee, Suk‐,Ha John Wiley & Sons 2018 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.98 No.6
<P>CONCLUSIONWe detected major differences in the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin among genotypes beginning at the early stage of seed development. The results of the present study provide insights into the underlying genetic variation in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis among soybean genotypes. (c) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Lee, Su Yun,Kim, Hyang Yeon,Lee, Sarah,Lee, Jung Min,Muthaiya, Maria John,Kim, Beom Seok,Oh, Ji Young,Song, Chi Kwang,Jeon, Eun Jung,Ryu, Hyung Seok,Lee, Choong Hwan The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.11
The metabolite profile of meju during fermentation was analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques, including GC-MS and LC-MS, and the bacterial diversity was characterized. The relative proportions of bacterial strains indicated that lactic acid bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium and Leuconostoc lactis, were the dominant species. In partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), the componential changes, which depended on fermentation, proceeded gradually in both the GC-MS and LC-MS data sets. During fermentation, lactic acid, amino acids, monosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and isoflavonoid aglycones (daidzein and genistein) increased, whereas citric acid, glucosides, and disaccharides decreased. MS-based metabolite profiling and bacterial diversity characterization of meju demonstrated the changes in metabolites according to the fermentation period and provided a better understanding of the correlation between metabolites and bacterial diversity.
Seung Hwan Kim,Singh, Shivkant,Seung Kyu Oh,Dong Kyu Lee,Keon Hwa Lee,Shervin, Shahab,Asadirad, Mojtaba,Venkateswaran, Venkat,Olenick, Kathy,Olenick, John A.,Sung-Nam Lee,Joon Seop Kwak,Mavrokefalos, IEEE 2016 IEEE electron device letters Vol.37 No.5
<P>We demonstrate flip-chip light-emitting diodes (FC-LEDs) on a flexible yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate and compare them with FC-LEDs on a polymeric substrate. Degradation of luminescence intensity and red-shift of peak wavelength are not observed for the LED on the flexible YSZ, unlike one on the polyimide substrate, due to improved capability to remove the generated heat from the chip to the substrate. Thermal distribution measurements and finite-element simulations show improved thermal management by the flexible ceramic as compared with previously developed flexible LEDs on polymeric substrates. The results present an improved solution to high power operation of flexible LEDs.</P>
Poly (lactide)-b-Poly (glycerol) 블록 공중합체의 중합
이존환 ( John Hwan Lee ),오성근 ( Seong-geun Oh ),김용진 ( Yong-jin Kim ) 대한화장품학회 2017 대한화장품학회지 Vol.43 No.2
이 연구는 소수성 폴리락타이드(PLA) 블록과 친수성 하이퍼브랜치드 폴리글리세롤(hbPG) 블록으로 구성된 양친매성 블록 공중합체(PLA-b-hbPG)의 합성방법에 대한 것이다. 또한, hbPG 블록을 4-hydroxyl cinnamic acid (CA)로 에스터 반응화하여, 광가교가 가능한 블록 공중합체인 PLA-b-hbPG-CA에 대한 접근법에 대해서도 보고하였다. 연구된 양친성 고분자는 친수기에 많은 양으로 존재하는 폴리글리세롤에 의해 화장품용 약물 전달체로 사용이 가능한 작은 크기(100 nm)의 마이셀을 형성함을 확인하였다. 또한, hbPG으로 구성된 마이셀의 corona 부분은 우수한 친수성을 나타내어 생체 내 독성을 최소화할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 소수성 활성성분이 담지된 PLA-b-hbPG-CA 마이셀은 생체적합성 및 자기조립구조에 의해 화장품용 약물 전달체로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. This study reports a synthesis of an amphiphilic linear block copolymer consisting of a hydrophobic poly (lactide) (PLA) block and a hydrophilic hyperbranched polyglycerol (hbPG) block, PLA-b-hbPG. Simple chemical modification of the hbPG block with 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CA) led to a photo-crosslinkable block copolymer, PLA-b-hbPG-CA. Nanosized micelles of the block copolyemrs were used as drug carriers for sustainable release. The hbPG shell made of a small molecular weight hbPG block showed excellent hydrophilicity, which can minimize in vivo toxicity. The UV-crosslinked PLA-b-hbPG-CA micelles loaded with drugs colud be served as a drug delivery carrier for its biocompatibility and self-assembled structures.
Gravitational Wave Astrophysics with the Superconducting Low-frequency Gravitational-wave Telescope
Sang-Hyeon Ahn,Yeong-Bok Bae,Gungwon Kang,Chunglee Kim,Whansun Kim,John J. Oh,Sang Hoon Oh,Chan Park,Edwin J. Son,Hyung Mok Lee,Hyungwon Lee,Hyunkyu Lee,Chang-Hwan Lee,Ho Jung Paik 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.2
Pharmacokinetics of a ginseng saponin metabolite compound K in rats
Paek, In Bok,Moon, Ya,Kim, John,Ji, Hye Young,Kim, Soon Ai,Sohn, Dong Hwan,Kim, Jae Baek,Lee, Hye Suk John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2006 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.27 No.1
<P>The absorption, dose-linearity and pharmacokinetics of compound K, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Using the Caco-2 cell monolayers, compound K showed moderate permeability with no directional effects, thus suggesting passive diffusion. After intravenous dose (i.v.; 1, 2, and 10 mg/kg), no significant dose-dependency was found in Cl (17.3–31.3 ml/min/kg), V<SUB>ss</SUB> (1677–2744 ml/kg), dose-normalized AUC (41.8–57.8 µg·min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t<SUB>1/2</SUB>. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The extent of compound K recovered from the entire gastrointestinal tract at 24h were 24.4%–26.2% for i.v. doses and 54.3%–81.7% for oral doses. Following oral administration (doses 5–20 mg/kg), dose-normalized AUC (based on 5 mg/kg) was increased at the 20 mg/kg dose (85.3 µg·min/ml) compared with those at lower doses (4.50–10.5 µg·min/ml). Subsequently, the absolute oral bioavailability (F) was increased from 1.8%–4.3% at the lower doses to 35.0% at the 20 mg/kg dose. The increased F could be related to the saturation of carrier-mediated hepatic uptake and esterification of compound K with fatty acids in the liver. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Lee, Kyung-Hwan,Gopalakrishnan, Venkatesh,Abraham, John The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.10
The dependence of the ignition timing in an HCCI engine on intake temperature and pressure, equivalence ratio, and fuel species is investigated with a zero-dimensional model combined with a detailed chemical kinetics. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by comparing measured and computed results in a propane-fueled HCCI engine. It is shown that the peak pressure values are reproduced within 10% and ignition timing within 5$^{\circ}$ CA. The heat loss through the walls is found to affect significantly on the ignition timing for different inlet conditions. It is also shown that for the propane-fueled engine, the tolerance in intake temperatures is 20-25K and the tolerance in intake pressure is about 1 bar for stable operation without misfire or too early ignition. Comparison of propane and heptane fuels indicates that the tendency to misfire when heptane is employed as the fuel is less than that when propane is employed with the same wall temperature conditions. However, the heptane-fueled engine may have a lower compression ratio to avoid too early ignition and hence lower efficiency. For the selected set of engine parameters, stable operations might be achieved for the heptane-fueled engine with twice as much tolerance in intake temperatures as for the propane-fueled engine.