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Tight Junctions in The Skin: No Barrier is an Island
( Johanna M. Brandner ) 한국피부장벽학회 2016 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.18 No.2
The skin is an indispensible barrier protecting our body from external assaults such as pathogens, xenobiotics, and UV radiation as well as from loss of water and solutes. To fulfill these important tasks it is composed of several components, which means the mechanical barriers - stratum corneum and tight junctions -, the microbiome barrier, the chemical barrier and the immunological barrier. Tight junctions (TJs) are cell-cell junctions localized in the granular cell layer. They consist of various transmembrane and plaque proteins which are involved in TJ-dependent as well as TJ-independent functions. This review will give a short overview about the various components of the skin barrier system, about TJ composition and barrier function and about the interaction of TJs with the other skin barrier components.
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Modulation of Biotransformation Enzymes by Phytochemicals : Impact of Genotypes
Johanna W. Lampe 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.55 No.-
Modulation of biotransformation enzymes is one mechanism by which a diet high in fruits and vegetables may influence cancer risk. Inhibition of cytochrome P450s (CYP) and concomitant induction of conjugating enzymes are hypothesized to reduce the impact of carcinogens in humans. Thus, exposure to types and amounts of phytochemicals may influence disease risk. Like other xenobiotics, many classes of phytochemicals are rapidly conjugated with glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate moieties and excreted in urine and bile. In humans, circulating phytochemical levels vary widely among individuals even in response to controlled dietary interventions. Polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes, such as the glutathione S-transferases (GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), and sulfotransferases (SULT), may contribute to the variability in phytochemical clearance and efficacy; polymorphic enzymes with lower enzyme activity prolong the half-lives of phytochemicals in vivo. Isothiocyanates (ITC) in cruciferous vegetables are catalyzed by the four major human GSTs; however reaction velocities of the enzymes differ greatly. In some observational studies of cancer, polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes that result in complete lack of GSTM1-1 and GSTT1-1 protein, respectively, confer greater protection from cruciferous vegetables in individuals with these genotypes. Similarly, we have shown in a controlled dietary trial that levels of GST-alpha-induced by ITC-are higher in GSTM1-null individuals exposed to cruciferous vegetables. The selectivity of glucuronosyl conjugation of flavonoids is dependent both on flavonoid structure as well as on the UGT isozyme involved in its conjugation. The effects of UGT polymorphisms on flavonoid clearance have not been examined; but polymorphisms affect glucuronidation of several drugs. Given the strong interest in the chemopreventive effects of flavonoids, systematic evaluation of these polymorphic UGTs and flavonoid pharmacokinetics are warranted. Overall, these studies suggest that for phytochemicals that are metabolized by, and affect activity of, biotransformation enzymes, interactions between genetic polymorphisms in the enzymes and intake of the compounds should be considered in studies of cancer risk. Genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes may account in part for individual variation in metabolism of a wide range of phytochemicals and their ultimate impact on health.
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Integrative epigenomic and genomic analysis of malignant pheochromocytoma
Johanna Sandgren,Robin Andersson,Alvaro Rada-Iglesias,Stefan Enroth,Jan Komorowski,Claes Wadelius,Göran Åkerström,Jan P. Dumanski,Gunnar Westin 생화학분자생물학회 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.7
Epigenomic and genomic changes affect gene expression and contribute to tumor development. The histone modifications trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3) are epigenetic regulators associated to active and silenced genes, respectively and alterations of these modifications have been observed in cancer. Furthermore, genomic aberrations such as DNA copy number changes are common events in tumors. Pheochromocytoma is a rare endocrine tumor of the adrenal gland that mostly occurs sporadic with unknown epigenetic/genetic cause. The majority of cases are benign. Here we aimed to combine the genome-wide profiling of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, obtained by the ChIP-chip methodology,and DNA copy number data with global gene expression examination in a malignant pheochromocytoma sample. The integrated analysis of the tumor expression levels, in relation to normal adrenal medulla,indicated that either histone modifications or chromosomal alterations, or both, have great impact on the expression of a substantial fraction of the genes in the investigated sample. Candidate tumor suppressor genes identified with decreased expression, a H3K27me3 mark and/or in regions of deletion were for instance TGIF1, DSC3, TNFRSF10B, RASSF2, HOXA9,PTPRE and CDH11. More genes were found with increased expression, a H3K4me3 mark, and/or in regions of gain. Potential oncogenes detected among those were GNAS, INSM1, DOK5, ETV1, RET, NTRK1,IGF2, and the H3K27 trimethylase gene EZH2. Our approach to associate histone methylations and DNA copy number changes to gene expression revealed apparent impact on global gene transcription, and enabled the identification of candidate tumor genes for further exploration.
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Johanna M. Ospel,Ondrej Volny,Wu Qiu,Mohamed Najm,Moiz Hafeez,Sarah Abdalrahman,Enrico Fainardi,Marta Rubiera,Alexander Khaw,Jai J. Shankar,Michael D. Hill,Mohammed A. Almekhlafi,Andrew M. Demchuk,May 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.3
Background and Purpose Various imaging paradigms are used for endovascular treatment (EVT) decision-making and outcome estimation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aim to compare how these imaging paradigms perform for EVT patient selection and outcome estimation. Methods Prospective multi-center cohort study of patients with AIS symptoms with multi-phase computed tomography angiography (mCTA) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) baseline imaging. mCTA-based EVT-eligibility was defined as presence of large vessel occlusion (LVO) and moderate-to-good collaterals on mCTA. CTP-based eligibility was defined as presence of LVO, ischemic core (defined on relative cerebral blood flow, absolute cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume maps) <70 mL, mismatch-ratio >1.8, absolute mismatch >15 mL. EVT-eligibility and adjusted rates of good outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) based on these imaging paradigms were compared. Results Of 289/464 patients with LVO, 263 (91%) were EVT-eligible by mCTA-criteria versus 63 (22%), 19 (7%) and 103 (36%) by rCBF, aCBF, and CBV-CTP-criteria. CTP and mCTA-criteria were discordant in 40% to 53%. Estimated outcomes were best in patients who met both mCTA and CTP eligibility-criteria and were treated with EVT (62% to 87% good outcome). Patients eligible for EVT by mCTA-criteria and not by CTP-criteria receiving EVT achieved good outcome rates of 53% to 57%. Few patients met CTP-criteria and not mCTA-criteria for EVT. Conclusions Simpler imaging selection criteria that rely on little else than detection of the occluded blood vessel may be more sensitive and less specific, thus resulting in more patients being offered EVT and arguably benefiting from it.
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Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni–In/SiO2 catalyst without coke formation
Johanna Károlyi,Miklós Németh,Claudio Evangelisti,György Sáfrán,Zoltán Schay,Anita Horváth,Ferenc Somodi 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-
It was found that coke formation on Ni/SiO2, used in dry reforming of methane, can be eliminatedcompletely by addition of indium to the catalyst. The interaction of the two metals was suggested by theresults of TPR, CO-TPD and XPS measurements. The presence and uniform distribution of NiIn and Ni2Inalloy nanoparticles after reduction at 700 C of the calcined catalyst was shown by HAADF-STEM, HRTEMand EDX analysis. The indium atoms dilute the nickel surface inhibiting the formation of multiplebondedcarbon species thereby hindering the development of carbon nanostructures on the catalystsurface during dry reforming.
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Johanna P. de Jong,Jesse T. Nguyen,Anne J. M. Sonnema,Emily C. Nguyen,Peter C. Amadio,Steven L. Moran 대한정형외과학회 2014 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.6 No.2
Background:Acute traumatic tendon injuries of the hand and wrist are commonly encountered in the emergency department. Despite the frequency, few studies have examined the true incidence of acute traumatic tendon injuries in the hand and wrist or compared the incidences of both extensor and flexor tendon injuries. Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study of all acute traumatic tendon injuries of the hand and wrist in a mixed urban and rural Midwest county in the United States between 2001–2010. A regional epidemiologic database and medical codes were used to identify index cases. Epidemiologic information including occupation, year of injury, mechanism of injury and the injured tendon and zone were recorded. Results: During the 10-year study period there was an incidence rate of 33.2 injuries per 100,000 person-years. There was a decreasing rate of injury during the study period. Highest incidence of injury occurred at 20–29 years of age. There was significant association between injury rate and age, and males had a higher incidence than females. The majority of cases involved a single tendon, with extensor tendon injuries occurring more frequently than flexor tendons. Typically, extensor tendon injuries involved zone three of the index finger, while flexor tendons involved zone two of the index finger. Work-related injuries accounted for 24.9% of acute traumatic tendon injuries. The occupations of work-related injuries were assigned to major groups defined by the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification structure. After assigning these patients' occupations to respective major groups, the most common groups work-related injuries occurred in construction and extraction occupations (44.2%), food preparation and serving related occupations (14.4%), and transportation and material moving occupations (12.5%). Conclusions: Epidemiology data enhances our knowledge of injury patterns and may play a role in the prevention and treatment of future injuries, with an end result of reducing lost work time and economic burden.
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Wavelength verification of laser through varied slit widths using a single slit diffraction set-up
Johanna G. Bantol,Rizelin John G. Ofelia 국제과학영재학회 2016 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.8 No.2
Being able to behave as a wave, light can be dispersed from its source point using slit/s. This is called single slit diffraction. Using this ability, the wavelength of a certain light source, like laser, can be determined. This is through the working equation: =. Through the CCD (charge-coupled device), the diffraction of the light was seen and using the Vision Assistant Program, the order for the destructive interference was known. The manipulated variable in this research was the usage of different slit widths (0.04 mm, 0.08 mm, and 0.16 mm). It was seen from the experiment that the wavelength is approximately close to the actual one. Even though different slit widths were utilized in the study, the wavelength remained close to the original value. Data analysis was done after the conduct of the study and it was concluded that the smaller the value of the slit width, it became difficult to measure the value of the wavelength due to the larger distance between the destructive interferences but it has a much more precise measurement, which was seen in the calculations of the percentage error.
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