The Platonic Dialectic and the Aristotelian Critique

Zoh, Johann조요한 숭실대학교 철학과 1986 思索 Vol.8 No.-

10세기 무슬림 철학에 나타난 원자론에 관한 연구

김요한 ( Kim¸ Jo-hann ) 한국동서철학회 2020 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.98

9세기 초반 무슬림 철학적 신학인 칼람(kalām)에 물체, 질료, 운동, 우유성과 같은 철학적 개념들에 대한 논의가 등장했다. 이 개념들은 모두 그리스 철학에 기반하고 있다. 원자(atomon) 개념도 이런 방식으로 무타칼리문에게 전달되었다. 원자론에 대한초기 논의에서 사용된 용어들은 그리스 번역에 기초하고 있다. 원자 개념들은 그리스어 atomon과 adiaireton을 각각 번역한 용어들이었다. 그리고 이 그리스 원자론은 레오키포스와 데모크리토스에 의해서 형성되었다. 그러나 칼람 신학자들은 대부분의 그리스 철학자들과 기독교 교부들이 거부했던 원자론을 수용했다. 이와는 대조적으로 필론과 대부분의 기독교 교부들은 원자론을 거부하면서 그리스 철학의 주요 노선들을 계속 유지해왔다. 그렇다면 무슬림 학자들은 왜 그리스 철학과 기독교 교부철학에서 일반적으로 논박 되었던 원자론을 칼람에 수용했으며 이 그리스 원자론은 어떤 방식으로 자신들의 종교적인 교설로 자리잡게 되었을까? 그것들의 전개 과정은 어떤 것이었을까? 이 물음들과 관련해서 연구자는 이 글에서 중요한 무슬림들의 철학적 문헌들을 살펴보면서 첫번째로 왜 칼람이 원자론을 수용했는지 그 이유를 탐색하게 될 것이다. 두 번째로 칼람의 원자론 수용에 있어서 커다란 논쟁이 되었던 원자의 연장성과 비연장성에 대한논쟁을 살펴볼 것이다. 그리고 왜 그런 논쟁이 생겨나게 되었는지에 대한 이유를 고찰할 것이다. At the beginning of the 9th century, a discussion of philosophical concepts such as objects, matters, movements, and accidents emerged in the Muslim philosophical theology, kalām. All of these concepts are based on Greek philosophy. The concept of atoms was also conveyed to the Mutakalimūn in this way. The terms used in the early discussions of atom theory are based on the Greek translation. The concepts of atom in Muslim philosophy were translated from the Greek words atomon and adiaireton. This Greek atom theory was formed by Leukippus and Demokritus. However, Kalām theologians accepted the atom theory that most Greek philosophers and Christian fathers rejected. In contrast, Philo and most Christian fathers continued to maintain the main lines of Greek philosophy, rejecting atom theory. Why then did Muslim scholars accept the atom theory which was generally refuted in Greek and Christian philosophy, and in what way did this Greek atom theory become their religious doctrine? What was their development process? Regarding these two questions, I am going to explore the reasons why Kalām embraced atom theory, examining important Muslim philosophical pieces of literature in this article. Second, we will look at the debate on the extension of atoms, which has been a major debate in the acceptance of Kalām's atom theory. And we will consider the reasons for why such debate arose.

The Causality between Economic Sanctions and Militarized Conflict: A Global Level Analysis, 1945-2014

Johann Park(Johann Park) 한국자료분석학회 2023 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.25 No.1

Sanctions and militarized disputes remain two of the most acute forms of interstate hostilities that may destabilize the contemporary interstate system. Although scholars and policy makers have discussed the potential reciprocal relationship between sanctions and conflict, extant theoretical and empirical examinations remain unsatisfactory. Their theoretical arguments are cursory and their empirical evidence is scant. How do sanctions and militarized disputes affect each other? Do more economic hostilities in the world suggest more military hostilities in the world, and vice versa? This study arranges a set of theoretical arguments for the possible causality. Using a VAR-Granger causality test method, it assesses the two-way causality at the macro-global system level for the 1945-2014 period. It also divides the entire data into the Cold War and post-Cold War samples to address a structural break. The results show that sanctions promote militarized disputes but this impact is limited to the post-Cold War era. The impact of military conflict on sanctions is insignificant with the pooled 1945-2014 sample. However, the divided samples reveal the contrasting double-faced effects for militarized disputes promoting sanctions in the Cold War era but discouraging sanctions in the post-Cold War era.

Implications of IT Awareness and Digital Marketing to Product Distribution on the Performance of Makassar SMEs

Johannes Baptista HALIK(Johannes Baptista HALIK ),Dian Anggraece Sigit PARAWANSA(Dian Anggraece Sigit PARAWANSA ),Indrianty SUDIRMAN(Indrianty SUDIRMAN ),JUSNI(JUSNI ) 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.7

Abhidharma in early Mahayana

Johannes Bronkhorst(Johannes Bronkhorst ) 중앙승가대학교 불교학연구원 2012 불교와 사회 Vol.4 No.-

문학 텍스트의 환경 변화 : 아우어의 시『Kill the Poem』을 중심으로

김요한 한국독어독문학회 2004 獨逸文學 Vol.89 No.-

Computer, Software und Internet vera¨ndern unser Leben und Arbeiten. Sie haben in den letzten Jahren unsere Gesellschaft durchdrungen und sind aus unserem Alltag nicht mehr weg zu denken. Sie vera¨ndern vor allem auch das Schreiben und Lesen so nachhaltig, dass selbst auch Literatur und Kunst nicht unberu¨hrt von ihnen bleiben. Die vielfa¨ltigen Mo¨glichkeiten des Computers und die Digitalisterung machen das neue Medium nicht nur zu einem attraktiven Transportmittel fu¨r jegliche Art van Narration, sondem auch zu einern neuen Kommunikationsmittel fu¨r ku¨nstlerische Experimente. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Verha¨ltniss von neuem Medium und Literatur behandelt, und dabei wird zugleich versucht, den Mo¨glichkeiten der Entstehung einer neuen Literatur nachzuspu¨ren. Das heute dominiercnde Kulturmilieu ist durch den U¨bergang vom analogen zum digitalen informationszeitalter charakterisiert. Multimedia und Netzwerk sind die entscheidenden neuen Pha¨nomene. Das sich wandelnde Medienmilieu vera¨ndert auch den Begriff der Literatur und dabei vor allem den Begriff des Textes, der Analysegegenstand der Literatunvissenschaft ist. Kill the Poem von Johannes Auer bietet ein passendes Beispiel an, wie die Literam in der Zukunft geht, Angesicht der technologischen Entwicklungsgeschwjndigkeit kann man schon jetzt sagen, dass Literaturfomen wie Hypertextliterahir beziehungsweise digitale Literatur das Potential besitzen, sich als neue Literatur zu etablieren und weiter zu cntwickeln.

Speckle tracking ultrasonography as a new tool to assess diaphragmatic function: a feasibility study

Sebastian Johannes Fritsch,Nima Hatam,Andreas Goetzenich,Gernot Marx,Rüdiger Autschbach,Leo Heunks,Johannes Bickenbach,Christian Simon Bruells 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.2

A reliable method of measuring diaphragmatic function at the bedside is still lacking. Widely used two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonographic measurements, such as diaphragm excursion, diaphragm thickness, and fractional thickening (FT) have failed to show clear correlations with diaphragmatic function. A reason for this is that 2D ultrasonographic measurements, like FT, are merely able to measure the deformation of muscular diaphragmatic tissue in the transverse direction, while longitudinal measurements in the direction of contracting muscle fibres are not possible. Speckle tracking ultrasonography, which is widely used in cardiac imaging, overcomes this disadvantage and allows observations of movement in the direction of the contracting muscle fibres, approximating muscle deformation and the deformation velocity. Several studies have evaluated speckle tracking as a promising method to assess diaphragm contractility in healthy subjects. This technical note demonstrates the feasibility of speckle tracking ultrasonography of the diaphragm in a group of 20 patients after an aortocoronary bypass graft procedure. The results presented herein suggest that speckle tracking ultrasonography is able to depict alterations in diaphragmatic function after surgery better than 2D ultrasonographic measurements.

CO₂Emission Reduction-the Contribution of modern HSDI Engines

Johannes Bierbaumer,Rainer Cichocki,Walter Ospelt 한국자동차공학회 1998 한국자동차공학회 Workshop Vol.1998 No.-

The prosperity of modem society is unthinkable without technology. One of the most important technical products so far is undoubtedly the automobile.<br/> It has been used by man to satisfy his deep-rooted desire for freedom, independence and mobility. 500 million motor vehicles on the roads across the world are clear evidence of the fact that society no longer wants to forego the benefit of the automobile.<br/> According to the forecasts of several experts, the car population may reach 1.3 billion by the middle of the next century - if the markets keep developing as expected.<br/> This enormous growth rate places an obligation on engineers in the automobile industry to do everything to further improve the automobile.<br/> Above all, this demands an additional deduction of fuel consumption as well as efforts to keep negative impact on the environment to a minimum.<br/> Modem high speed direct injection diesel engines distinguish themselves from other intemal combustion engines through their high efficiency. This efficiency contributes significantly to the management of available crude, oil reserves. Moreover, two further consequences of their low consumption are of increasing interest: Firstly, there is the opportunity for a positive effect on the balance of foreign trade. Secondly, and no less important, there is the opportunity to reduce the atmospheric burden of CO2 emissions,<br/> Given that environmentally responsible, i.e. thrifty and more sustainable, consumption is becoming increasingly important to the human conscience world-wide, the automotive industry's ability to deliver the appropriate technology is currently very much in demand.<br/> A few years ago, only limited improvements in diesel fuel economy seemed plausible. However, in the meantime intensive developments in the fields of fuel injection, supercharging and materials have opened up the potential for fuel consumption improved to a practicable level of 3 litres per 100km (78 miles per US gallon, 94 miles per UK gallon) with light weight cars. Such improvements cannot simply be achieved through engine modification. Future success will depend in how well co-ordinated and focussed the collaborators in vehicle development can work together.<br/> According to recent investigations at AVL, it seems plausible that improvements beyond the previously mentioned fuel consumption level could be achieved though attention to the total drivetrain system, specifically through optimisation of friction parameters, rapid engine warm-up strategies and gear change strategies.<br/> Nevertheless, the conflict between achievement of pollutant emission limits and the minimisation of fuel consumption and noise remains, albeit against a background of the availability to engineers of new and highly advanced development tools.<br/> This paper deals principally with those technologies and methods which offer the best possible fuel economy, whilst still keeping the ever tighter emission and noise standards in mind. And some space<br/> is being reserved for exhaust gas aftertreatment technology. .<br/> The paper would be incomplete without some discussion of the links between engine and vehicle fuel economy.

The value of sub-national data: The dynamics of contentious politics in Nepal

Johannes Vüllers,Belén González 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2020 International Area Studies Review Vol.23 No.3

Over the last decade, a renewed interest in the empirical analysis of contentious politics has led to significant improvements in the quality and quantity of data. The related wave of research has thus turned to analysis of the dynamics of contentious politics from a comparative perspective. Unfortunately, these studies use country level datasets for their analysis, creating a mismatch between the original actor-based theoretical framework and the empirical conceptualization of contentious collective action. We discuss the conceptual challenges this theoretical-empirical gap generates and highlight how contentious dynamics can be studied with a bottom-up subnational approach. To do so, we present a new fine-grained dataset of contentious collective action in post-conflict Nepal (2007 to 2010). We descriptively show how this type of data can help us improve our understanding of repertoires of contentious politics. This paper highlights the relevance of gathering information on active organizations to study the inherent dynamics of contentious politics.

Sweden and the Republic of Korea: 65 Years of Diplomatic Relations

Johannes Andreasson,강주휘 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2024 EU연구 Vol.- No.70