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The Role of Intellectual Property in Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in Museums
Caroline Joelle Nwabueze 국립민속박물관 2013 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.8 No.-
The current rate of cultural and technological globalisation has been recognised as an international threat to the cultural diversity of many nations. The insubstantial nature of intangible cultural heritage has made it more vulnerable to the force of globalisation than other aspects of cultural diversity, which could lead to the disappearance of ICH. The pressure applied to world heritage led UNESCO to draft a Convention regarding the safeguarding of ICH in 2003. The preamble of the Convention emphasised the importance of the maintenance and re-creation of intangible cultural heritage, which would thereby help to enrich cultural diversity. This led the International Conference on Museums and Intangible Heritage held in Seoul in August 2012 to commit itself to the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage in museums. However, such integration of ICH in museum activities raises numerous intellectual property (IP) concerns in relation to the use and ownership of ICH resources. Yet, on the other hand, IP used as a tool to enhance creativity could contribute significantly to museums as cultural institutions involved in the collection, conservation and display of ICH. The present paper seeks to address the sustainability of ICH safeguarding in museums under IP laws. It first reviews the integration of ICH in museums as suggested by the International Conference on Museums and ICH. Second, and as consequence of that point, an examination is made of the related risks of misuse and incompatibility associated with ICH exposure in museums in the field of IP rights. Finally, the paper suggests some effective mechanisms in the field of intellectual property law that could secure permanently the preservation of ICH in museums.
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Copyright and Data Authenticity in the Digital Preservation of Heritage: the Case of OAPI States
Caroline Joelle Nwabueze 국립민속박물관 2017 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.12 No.-
Digitisation is a sustainable means of heritage1 preservation. It protects valuable heritage resources from deterioration and provides worldwide access to the diverse cultures of the world’s heritage, while ensuring their safety for future generations. Digitised heritage can derive either from digitally created documents or from digital surrogates of similar documents. In OAPI States, ministries in the field of culture, substitute and for, tourism and several cultural institutions have adopted digital heritage as a tool for safeguarding the communities’ cultural patrimony. Data authenticity in heritage digitisation raises some concerns based on the fact that digitisation as a tool to express the content of heritage products affects the entire spectrum of heritage preservation. Issues arise from the multiple applications of digital technologies on the heritage data used. From converting the data used, to processing it with a different shape, character or design, there is a long list of ways in which the authenticity of a digitised heritage work could be affected. Digital technologies could negatively affect the information environment by allowing the processing of inauthentic data. In this context, Mira Burri describes the process of the digital reduction of material to zeroes and ones through which the digital representation radically modifies the characteristics of the content. One click of the mouse can create perfect copies, transform, alter, or create multifaceted adaptations of the heritage data; this constitutes a tremendous threat to the data’s authenticity. If no appropriate legal boundaries are set, this invasive tsunami of new possibilities could deceive the public about the authenticity of heritage data from OAPI communities. This paper gives a pictorial overview of traditional cultural expressions in central and West Africa and scrutinises the sustainability of copyright as a means to enhance the authenticity of heritage data in the course of its preservation in the digital realm. First, this paper analyses the authenticity of heritage data under ‘moral rights’ protection in the digital field. Light is shed on the risks related to the digitisation of heritage when no proper intellectual property measures regarding the origin of the work in the digital realm are in place. Then, the paper considers how adequate digital copyright protection could constitute a way to protect the authenticity of digital heritage and encourage the use of digitalisation in the preservation of cultural heritage in general. The paper concludes by making some suggestions about how to balance the risks of digitising heritage in a global world. An adequate system of copyright law could make use of the new dynamics of the digitally networked environment to promote the authenticity of heritage, and also to promote the mobilisation of cultural heritage through the use of digital technologies. Finally, the establishment of a protocol for the digitisation of heritage - with the goal of preserving authenticity - is envisaged as a means to serve the same purpose.
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Misenga Mumpela Joelle(미셍가 뭄펠라 조엘),Young-Hoon Park(박영혼) 대한전자공학회 2018 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.6
DDoS attacks increase more in number then in power and it"s remained one of the most threats in today"s network security. DDoS attack become a popular research field in SDN. SDN is a programmable network model that separates the control logic from the forwarding functions. The control logic plane is considered as the brain of the network which provides a lot of benefits and attractive target of security attacks for the adversaries.
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LECAT Benoît,CHAPUIS Claude,BROUARD Joelle,BIZOT Jean-Yves 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06
The purpose of this research is to study the evolution of the price of Burgundy wines and to try to identify the reasons for such an evolution. Land prices, rent prices and wine prices in Burgundy will be analysed over the last decades. In terms of results, the price of wine in Burgundy has been observed to rise drastically in recent years as well as the evolution of land and rent prices. A better comprehension of price variations could help wine companies manage their long term profitability, especially if land were considered as an investment (and therefore, part of the company). As a recommendation, marketing tools but also training should be used by craftsmen to build, promote and distribute strong brands in order to remain on the market but also to attract major agents and importers and be distributed worldwide.
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Benoit Lecat,Joelle Brouard,Claude Chapuis 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07
Despite its innovative and avant-garde reputation, the luxury industry initially began showing a very low commitment to new online marketing tools and it held a conservative approach to selling when compared to other sectors. Nowadays, the context has dramatically changed and luxury brands are approaching with an increasing interest social networks as well as the online selling. This research aims to clarify the current strategic approaches of the players in the different luxury markets towards the social commerce phenomenon, from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. The purpose is to test a framework that can be used to classify luxury companies’ strategies regarding social media adoptions based on actual theories on social media. Four strategies related to the social media adoption by luxury brands have been identified: the Social brand ambassadors strategy class (low promotional content percentage and low social commerce score) includes those brands that use social media for entertainment and user engagement; the Social showcases strategy (high promotional content percentage and low social commerce score) includes those brands that use their social accounts as online catalogues; the Social infotainers strategy (low promotional content percentage and high social commerce score) includes those brands that scored high in social commerce, mainly because of the provision of informative content and brand–consumer interactions, but they were linked to more entertainment-oriented actions rather than product-related ones. Finally, the Social sellers strategy (high promotional content percentage and high social commerce score) includes those brands that have integrated social commerce into their online strategies and have subsequently exploited the potential of social media to drive online and offline sales. The database is built using original data from a content analysis of 100 luxury brands’ postings on five different social media platforms – namely Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, and Pinterest. The total final sample included 12,132 Facebook posts, 21,216 tweets on Twitter, 1,105 YouTube videos, 10,138 Instagram pictures/videos, and 117,359 Pinterest pictures. The main findings are the following: luxury brands adopt at this stage the Social brand ambassadors and Social showcases approaches; brands belonging to the perfumery, cosmetics, jewelry and watches markets show a more developed attitude towards the social commerce; in other luxury markets, such as wine and spirits, brands still adopt a Social Brand Ambassador strategy, while managers should increase the promotional content in order develop the social commerce. The Fashion & Accessories brands show a positive relationship between the percentage of promotional content and social commerce score. This means that social commerce adoptions depend on the single brand’s strategic choices, ranging from low adoption to best practices. In general, social commerce is still not widespread; many luxury fashion brands, while presenting new collections during fashion weeks, focused on fashion shows, backstage events, and celebrities, rather than really promoting the new product lines with materials, availability, and purchasing indications. This social media approach is mainly focused on increasing brand awareness rather than increasing social commerce. If managers aim at increasing social commerce they should add direct call to action and link the contents to e-commerce market place. Automotive brands are concentrated in the Social showcases area; This sector encounters natural limitations in the introduction of social commerce due to the difficulty of selling products through the digital channel; many brands have, however, devised strategies to approach their users during the purchasing process prior to the actual transaction to take advantage of the increasing ROPO phenomenon. Conversely, the Perfumes & Cosmetics sector shows a highly fragmented approach to social commerce. The content analysis based on single post contents has shown that actually the contents are based on pictures of the products, or the brand, information on events, and a large and increasing presence of video posts based storytelling about the history of the product and the brand heritage; the most social commerce oriented posts are picture or video focused on the product. The commercial contents that aim at developing the see now, buy now approach are mainly based on video shows.
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도시의 비인간 이웃: 대전시 주민-백로 갈등을 중심으로
최명애,박현빈,Joelle Champalet,성한아 한국도시지리학회 2023 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.26 No.1
The urban is often viewed as a space of human. However, wildlife-egrets, pigeons, pigs, and dogsemerges and roams around unexpected corners of the city. Urban wildlife disrupts the prevalent urban-rural, and human-animal oppositions, demanding a new way of thinking of human-animal relations in the city beyond the purported dualisms. By drawing on the case study of the human-egret conflicts in Dajeon Metropolitan City, this paper explores diverse ways through which residents and wildlife are related in an urban setting. It first outlines the changes in the human-egret relations over the past 20 years by tracing the successive processes of verminisation, displacement, alternative habitat making, and the precarious coexistence. It then considers what implications the changing human-egret relations might have on the spatiality and ethical-political thoughts toward animals in the city. This paper argues that the sustained interaction between humans and egrets reconfigures the urban green spaces-parks and university campus-as ‘more-than-human’ space shared by humans and the birds together. Such rethinking of the urban as a multispecies space would allow the possibility for an affirmative mode of humanwildlife biopolitics in the city, rather than the prevalent mode based on an exclusionary politics. 도시는 종종 자연과 대비해 ‘인간’의 공간으로 여겨진다. 그러나 도시의 녹지, 건물 틈, 뒷골목에는 백로, 비둘기, 멧돼지, 들개 같은 야생동물이 나타난다. 이들 도시 야생동물의 존재는 익숙한 도시-자연, 인간-동물의 이분법을 교란하며 도시를 새롭게 사유할 것을 요구한다. 이 논문은 대전의 인간-백로 갈등과 충돌을 중심으로 도시의 인간-야생동물 관계를 탐색한다. 필자들은 먼저 지난 20여년간 대전에서 벌어진 인간-백로 관계의 변화를 유해조수화, 연쇄 철거와 이주, 대체 서식지 모색, 갈등 봉합의 4단계로 나눠 살펴본다. 이어, 인간-백로 관계의 변화가 도시의 공간성과 인간-동물의 윤리적, 정치적 관계에 갖는 효과를 살펴본다. 이 논문은 인간의 계획과 의지만큼이나 백로의 생태와 행동도 인간-백로 관계에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 백로의 행위성과 인간의 다양한 응답을 통해 인간-백로 관계의 양상과 성격이 만들어진다고 주장한다. 이같은 다종적 상호 작용은 도시 공원과 대학 캠퍼스를 백로와 인간이공유하는 ‘인간 너머의 공간’으로 새롭게 만들어낸다.
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