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A Sound Activity Monitor with 96.3 μs Wake-up Time and 2.5 μW Power Consumption
Jinkee Kim,Yunyoung Jang,Jong Pal Kim 대한전자공학회 2023 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.23 No.6
A novel low power sound activity monitor (SAM) for fast wake-up is presented. SAM is used for low power consumption of intelligent microphones. An intelligent microphone that responds to user voice commands should operate for 24 hours. Normally, the microphone remains in low power mode when there is no external sound input. While the SAM detects external sound input, the SAM changes from low power mode to normal power mode and the microphone remains in normal power mode. The wake-up time from low power mode to normal power mode should be as short as possible so that user commands are not lost. In addition, power mode switching must be prevented from malfunctioning due to artifacts generated when changing between power modes. Low power and wake-up characteristics are improved by simplifying the SAM structure, and the decision logic is designed to be robust against power switching artifacts. The proposed SAM was designed and fabricated based on a CMOS 0.18 μm process, and its features and performance were measured. The SAM operating at 1.8V consumes 2.5 μW power, and the fast wake-up performance of 96.3 μs is measured.
Jinkee Park J-INSTITUTE 2022 Kinesiology Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to structurally examine and understand how the acceptance of nuclear power generation occurs via the sports cultural marketing activities for enhancing corporate image. Method: In this study, a quantitative study via a questionnaire was conducted for men and women aged 20 years or older residing in area K. In a survey conducted for 500 residents in the nuclear power plant area, a sam-ple of 456 (91.2%) people was extracted, and the results of the survey were analyzed by using the PASW18.0 and the AMOS 18.0 statistical programs, while the hypothesis was tested at the level of statistical significance at p<.05. Results: As a result of the correlation analysis performed, the relationship between the constructs turned out to be a positive (+) correlation, and hence, the direction of the relationship between the variables presented by the research model and the research hypothesis was consistent, while the significance level also satisfied p<.05. As a result of the fit of assessment performed for the research model, IFI=.979, FMIN=.229, NFI=.973, RMSEA=.076, TLI=.986, and CFI=.979 were demonstrated. The overall fit index demonstrated in the research model was χ2(41)=104.032, p<.000. Hypothesis 1 was dismissed as the relationship between the sports cultural marketing and the acceptance of nuclear power generation of Hypothesis 1 (Estimate=.005, C.R.=.080) had no significant effect at the level of significance p<.05. Furthermore, the relationship between the sports cultural marketing and the corporate image of Hypothesis 2 (Estimate=.652, C.R.=14.299) turned out to have a significant influence at the level of significance p<.001, and hence, Hypothesis 2 was adopted. Hypothesis 3 was adopted since the relationship between the corporate image and the acceptance of nuclear power generation (Estimate=.541, C.R.=8.865) of Hypothesis 3 turned out to have a significant effect at the level of significance p<.001. Conclusion: Gathering the results above, first, the KHNP s sports cultural marketing activities did not directly influence the acceptance of nuclear power generation as a matter of causal variable. Second, the KHNP s sports cultural marketing ought to be utilized as a means for increasing the acceptance of nuclear power generation by local residents through the zero high corporate image while acting as a major activity to enhance the corporate image. Accordingly, it is evident that the sentiment induced by the KHNP s sports cultural marketing activities will operate as an important tool in shaping the general local residents reaction towards the KHNP.
Hong, Jinkee,Kim, Byeong-Su,Char, Kookheon,Hammond, Paula T. American Chemical Society 2011 Biomacromolecules Vol.12 No.8
<P>Recent research has highlighted degradable multilayer films that enable the programmed release of different therapeutics. Multilayers constructed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition that can undergo disassembly have been demonstrated to be of considerable interest, particularly for biomedical surface coatings due to their versatility and mild aqueous processing conditions, enabling the inclusion of biologic drugs with high activity. In this study, we examine the controlled release of a protein using a different mechanism for film disassembly, the gradual dissociation of film interactions under release conditions. Poly(β-amino ester)s and poly(<SMALL>l</SMALL>-lysine) (PLL) were used as the positively charged multilayer components coassembled with a model negatively charged antigen protein, ovalbumin (Ova). The release of the protein from these multilayer films is dominated by the slow shift in the charge of components under physiological pH conditions rather than by hydrolytic degradative release. The time scale of release can be varied over almost 2 orders of magnitude by varying the ratio of the two polyamines in the deposition solution. The highly versatile and tunable properties of these films form a basis for designing controlled and sequential delivery of drug coatings using a variety of polyions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2011/bomaf6.2011.12.issue-8/bm200566k/production/images/medium/bm-2011-00566k_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm200566k'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Hong, Jinkee,Alvarez, Luis M,Shah, Nisarg J,Griffith, Linda G,Kim, Byeong-Su,Char, Kookheon,Hammond, Paula T Springer US 2012 Drug delivery and translational research Vol.2 No.5
<P>The promise of cellular therapy lies in healing damaged tissues and organs in vivo as well as generating tissue constructs in vitro for subsequent transplantation. Adult stem cells are ideally suited for cellular therapies due to their pulripotency and the ease with which they can be cultured on novel functionalized substrates. Creating environments to control and successively driving their differentiation toward a lineage of choice is one of the most important challenges of current cell-based engineering strategies. In recent years, a variety of biomedical platforms have been prepared for stem cell cultures, primarily to provide efficient delivery of growth or survival factors to cells and a conducive microenvironment for their growth. Here, we demonstrate that repeating tetralayer structures composed of biocompatible poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)/poly(acryl amide) (PAAm)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)/poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) micelles arrayed in layer-by-layer (LbL) films can serve as a payload region for dexamethasone (dex) delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This architecture can induce MSC differentiation into osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. The amount of dex loaded in the films is controlled by varying the deposition conditions and the film thickness. Furthermore, release of dex is also controlled by changing the amount of covalent crosslinking of multilayers via thermal treatments. The multilayer architecture including payload and cell-adhesion region introduced here are well suited for extended cell culture thus affording the important and protective effect of both dex release and immobilization. These films may find applications in the local delivery of immobilized therapeutics for biomedical applications, as they can be deposited on a wide range of substrates with different shapes, sizes, and composition.</P>