Systematic Review on Sanitary Pads and Female Health

Jingang Woo,Soyeon Kim,Haesoon Kim,Kyoung Sook Jeong,EunMee Kim,Eunhee Ha 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2019 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.42 No.3

The majority of South Korean females use sanitary pads, which contain various organic solvents which could be excreted before and during their menstruation. However, they are not provided with findings from studies about the health effects of sanitary pads. Therefore, this study aims to establish a list of potential health hazards of sanitary pads and address the need for further extensive research by pointing out the limitations of the previous literature. A systematic review was adopted to conduct quantitative and qualitative reviews based on the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). Studies from electronic databases such as PubMed, RISS, and Google Scholar were retrieved for the final analyses. In accordance with our findings, we proposed a set of limitations of the previous studies. A systematic review revealed that there were effects of sanitary pads on vaginal or vulvar skin, endometriosis, and vaginal microflora. The review also revealed that organic solvents, which sanitary pads are composed of, bring potential harmful effects on pregnancy, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological development. Social environments such as hygiene use or puberty education also turned out to affect female health. It was inferred that a lack of non-occupational and domestic studies reflecting the distinguishing features of sanitary pads with a reliable sample size remains as an important limitation. This study suggests that organic solvents in sanitary pads may increase some health risks bringing reproductive, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neurological effects. Due to a lack of studies, a more extensive study can contribute to the public health of South Korean females.

High fat diet-induced brain damaging effects through autophagy-mediated senescence, inflammation and apoptosis mitigated by ginsenoside F1-enhanced mixture

Jingang Hou,Byeongmin Jeon,Jongin Baek,Yeejin Yun,Daeun Kim,Boyoon Chang,Sungyeon Kim,Sunchang Kim 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.1

Background: Herbal medicines are popular approaches to capably prevent and treat obesity and its related diseases. Excessive exposure to dietary lipids causes oxidative stress and inflammation, which possibly induces cellular senescence and contribute the damaging effects in brain. The potential roles of selective enhanced ginsenoside in regulating high fat diet (HFD)-induced brain damage remain unknown. Methods: The protection function of Ginsenoside F1-enhanced mixture (SGB121) was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Human primary astrocytes and SH-SY5Y cells were treated with palmitic acid conjugated Bovine Serum Albumin, and the effects of SGB121 were determined by MTT and lipid uptake assays. For in vivo tests, C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat diet for 3 months with or without SGB121 administration. Thereafter, immunohistochemistry, western blot, PCR and ELISA assays were conducted with brain tissues. Results and conclusion: SGB121 selectively suppressed HFD-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence in brain, and reduced subsequent inflammation responses manifested by abrogated secretion of IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα via NF-kB signaling pathway. Interestingly, SGB121 protects against HFD-induced damage by improving mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-stress associated autophagy flux and inhibiting apoptosis. In addition, SGB121 regulates lipid uptake and accumulation by FATP4 and PPARα. SGB121 significantly abates excessively phosphorylated tau protein in the cortex and GFAP activation in corpus callosum. Together, our results suggest that SGB121 is able to favor the resistance of brain to HFD-induced damage, therefore provide explicit evidence of the potential to be a functional food.

Ginsenoside Rh2 Improves Learning and Memory in Mice

Jingang Hou,Jian Jie Xue,이미라,Lei Liu,Dong-Liang Zhang,Mengqi Sun,Yi-nan Zheng,성창근 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.8

A wide range of plant foods and dietary supplements are able to modify the functioning of the central nervous system. In the present study, we observed that oral administration of ginsenoside Rh2 (10 mg/mL) for 3 weeks significantly improved spatial learning and memory. Spatial memory and learning was evaluated in mice by hippocampus-dependent tasks (Morris water maze test) and immunohistochemical marker of cell genesis bromodeoxyuridine. Ginsenoside Rh2 treatment (30 days) promoted cell survival and genesis. Further, ginsenoside Rh2 treatment in enriched condition had no significant effects on cell survival compared with standard condition exposure. These results revealed that ginsenoside Rh2-mediated spatial learning and memory improvement was associated with cell genesis and survival and may be parallel to the mechanism of environmental enrichment. Therefore, ginsenoside Rh2 may have efficacy as a dietary supplement for spatial learning and memory improvement.

Multi-field Coupling Simulation and Experimental Study on Transformer Vibration Caused by DC Bias

Jingang Wang,Can Gao,Xu Duan,Kai Mao 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.1

DC bias will cause abnormal vibration of transformers. Aiming at such a problem, transformer vibration affected by DC bias has been studied combined with transformer core and winding vibration mechanism use multi-physical field simulation software COMSOL in this paper. Furthermore the coupling model of electromagnetic-structural force field has been established, and the variation pattern of inner flux density, distribution of mechanical stress, tension and displacement were analyzed based on the coupling model. Finally, an experiment platform has been built up which was employed to verify the correctness of model.

Domain Decomposition Strategy for Pin-Wise Full-Core Monte Carlo Depletion Calculation with the Reactor Monte Carlo Code

Jingang Liang,Kan Wang,Yishu Qiu,Xiaoming Chai,Shenglong Qiang 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.3

Because of prohibitive data storage requirements in large-scale simulations, the memoryproblem is an obstacle for Monte Carlo (MC) codes in accomplishing pin-wise threedimensional(3D) full-core calculations, particularly for whole-core depletion analyses. Various kinds of data are evaluated and quantificational total memory requirements areanalyzed based on the Reactor Monte Carlo (RMC) code, showing that tally data, materialdata, and isotope densities in depletion are three major parts of memory storage. Thedomain decomposition method is investigated as a means of saving memory, by dividingspatial geometry into domains that are simulated separately by parallel processors. For thevalidity of particle tracking during transport simulations, particles need to be communicatedbetween domains. In consideration of efficiency, an asynchronous particle communicationalgorithm is designed and implemented. Furthermore, we couple the domain decompositionmethod with MC burnup process, under a strategy of utilizing consistent domain partition inboth transport and depletion modules. A numerical test of 3D full-core burnup calculationsis carried out, indicating that the RMC code, with the domain decomposition method, iscapable of pin-wise full-core burnup calculations with millions of depletion regions.

Third places as catalysts for technological innovation? Evidence from a grid cell level analysis of Nanjing, China*

Jingang Li,Yingcheng Li,Manya Tu,Xingjian Liu 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2024 도시과학국제저널 Vol.28 No.1

While third places have often been conceived as key drivers for technological innovation, further empirical modelling is necessary to verify such relationship. Drawing upon a database on geocoded patents and third places in Nanjing, China, this paper investigates their relationship at a grid cell level. The results suggest that both quantity and diversity of third places could be associated with the process of technological innovation. Furthermore, the study finds an inverted U-curve relationship between the quantity of third places and technological innovation, indicating that too many third places may not be linked with higher technological innovation capacity. It also suggests that the number of business incubators may weaken the relationship between third places and technological innovation.

Lateral Load Behavior of Self-centering Frame with Y-Eccentrically Braced Substructure: An Experiment and Numerical Analysis

Jingang Xiong,Moqiang Xiong,Youquan Liu,Xiang Li,Shujun Hu 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.2

A novel self-centering frame with Y-eccentrically braced structure (SC-YEBFs) has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem that the storey drift of structure may exceed the specified limit in standards when self-centering beam-column joints are applied in high-rise and larger spans buildings, and the SC-YEBFs not only has the self-centering performance of self-centering frame system, but also has the high lateral stiffness and energy dissipating capacity of Y-Eccentrically braced frame. To study the lateral load behavior and influencing factors of SC-YEBFs, cyclic loading tests of two scaled specimens of SC-YEBFs substructure (SCS) were conducted, and seven finite element models corrected by the experiment were established to perform parametric analysis. The experiment and finite element analysis results indicated that the shear link has greatly increased the lateral stiffness and energy dissipating capacity of the self-centering structure, at the same time, it has maintained a good self-centering performance and replace ability. With an increase in the cross-sectional area and initial prestress of post-tensioned steel strands, the lateral load capacity and self-centering performance can be improved. The self-centering performance can be effectively improved by reducing the friction coefficient at the rotation connections. SC-YEBFs further extending the application field of self-centering structural systems, and making it possible to be applied to high-rise and larger spans structures.

Model predictive current control of asymmetrical hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter

Jingang Han,Pinxuan Zhao,Gang Yao,Hao Chen,Yide Wang,Mohamed Benbouzid,Tianhao Tang 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.4

Asymmetrical hybrid cascaded (AHC) multilevel inverters (MLIs) adapt in medium- and high-power applications due to their good output voltage performance and numerous voltage levels. Research on reliable control schemes for AHC MLIs is necessary due to complicated practical conditions. This study presents a finite control set–model predictive control (FCSMPC) algorithm for a three-phase AHC MLI. The topology has few switching component requirements and generates many voltage levels through changes in the DC power supply ratio. FCS-MPC is designed for AHC MLIs to achieve stable and reliable control. Delay compensation and computational burden relief are also realized. Simulation and experiment results confirm the good performance of the proposed algorithm for AHC MLIs under steady-state and dynamic processes.

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Multi-main-span High Pier Continuous Rigid-frame Bridge in Terms of Cloud Method

Jingang Zhao,Hongyu Jia,Yulin Zhan 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.6

Due to the complex canyon topography in southwestern regions of China, several multi-main-span high pier continuous rigid-frame bridges (MHPCRFBs) are built to meet the special terrain. Owing to the great effect of high-order modes, the seismic responses of MHPCRFBs are more complicated than the conventional signal main span continuous rigid-frame bridges. However, there has been very limited researches focus on the seismic vulnerability of MHPCRFBs. This study selects a practical five-span (three main span) high pier continuous rigid-frame bridge as a study object to investigate the seismic vulnerability of MHPCRFBs under near-field pulse-like seismic wave excitation. And a finite element model of the example bridge is built by OpenSees incorporating the influence of abutment, and simultaneously100 near-field pulse-like seismic waves are chosen to research their effect on the seismic vulnerability of the MHPCRFB. The dynamic nonlinear time-history analyses are carried out to record the peak demand values of the example bridge under three seismic excitation calculation cases (longitudinal earthquake, biaxial earthquake, and triaxial earthquake). Thirty-three intensity measures are compared with respect to two statistical parameters including correlation efficient and root mean square error, the peak ground velocity (PGV) turns out to be the optimal intensity measure for seismic vulnerability analysis of MHPCRFB. Subsequently, by using the analysis procedures of the cloud method, the seismic vulnerability curves of MHPCRFB are developed and compared. The results of this study show that the bottom and top areas of the high piers are more fragile at the slight and moderate damage stages along longitudinal direction, and only the bottom areas are prone to damage along transverse direction. And the seismic wave excitation directions have an obvious influence on the seismic damage probability of the MHPCRFB. In addition, the zone with larger failure probabilities of the lower pier is significantly longer than the higher pier. The obtained results provide helpful reference for the seismic-resistant design and consolidation of MHPCRFBs, shed light on the lower pier of MHPCRFBs should be paid high concern to the anti-seismic design.

중국 고대회화, 사가원림의 “산(山),수(水)” 조형 요소 차용을 통해 본 문화건축공간구성의 효과에 관한 연구 - 왕수(王澍)의 대표작품의 건축공간 위계틀과의 비교를 중심으로 -

LI JINGANG 한국문화공간건축학회 2018 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.62

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship of traditional formative elements and Wang's architecture space. The study will focus on the organization of the Chinese painting&garden's element and space level. By using comparative tables. The analysis can be applied as a design method of using traditional space elements-“moutain&river”. Through analyzing Wang's space, this paper will make clear the connection between his architecture and the traditional culture. According to Chinese gardens such as『Zhuozhengyuan』, It shows the communication with nature& traditional culture. Traditional East-Asian's private garden had particular features. There were a garden to plant and appreciate flowering plants, a building to keep antiques, and a courtyard to hold activities. when the traditional elements reformed into 3-dimensional space, It can be impacted toward the cultural exchange. This Study is expected to be the basis of the advanced study about design process of rebuilding area. The analysis of space is to prove the design method of applying the formative elements-“moutain&river” in modern projects.