초등학생의 Dental IQ 수준과 구강보전 관리실태

김광덕,전진호 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives : Oral health care program for the elementary school children (ESOHCP) should be met the first priority because dental caries are highly sensitive and prevalent among them. This study was performed to enhance the efficiency of ESOHCP, and their oral health promotion. Methods : The Subjects were 346 students (3rd grade 163, 6th grade 185) of one elementary school in Busan. Dental IQ and actual oral health status; the decayed, mixing and filling teeth were checked through questionnaire and oral health examination from April to June 2002. Dental IQ was presented out of one hundred, and data analysis was done using SAS (ver 8.1) program. Results : The students' cognitive level about the causative and preventive factor of dental caries was relatively high. However, the practical aspects of preventive behavior - tooth brushing ; three times per day (20%), three minutes per time (22%), oral health examination ; one time per three months (10%) left much to be desired. And, only 27% of the subjects had experienced in school oral health education. The mean level of dental IQ was 79 out of 100, and 51% and 42% of them had the decayed and teeth with filling, respectively, with the rate of DMFT 82%, DT 43%, FT 57%. The level of dental IQ was higher in case of having his (her) own tooth brush (p=0.072), standard tooth brushing (p<001); three times per day, post meal, three minutes per time, present experience of oral health examination (p<001) and dental clinic visit (p<001). The grade of caries was more serious in case of 6th grade (p=0.059), an absence of his (her) own tooth brush (p=0.090), present experience of oral health examination (p=0.021), and an absence of regular dental clinic visit (p=0.003). The frequency of oral health examination (γ=0.620), tooth brushing; times per day (γ=0.445), post meal (γ=0.355), expending times per brushing (γ=0.352), right cognition to the treatment of caries (γ=0.401), positive attitude to dental treatment (γ=0.387), the frequency of dental clinic visit for the past one year (γ=0.152) showed significant correlation with dental IQ. In the multivariate analysis, dental IQ was influenced by the frequency of oral health examination, right cognition to the cause of caries, times of teeth brushing per day, right cognition to the treatment of caries, etc., with adjusted R2=0.857. Conclusion : Though the students' cognitive level about the causative and preventive factor of dental caries was high, the practical aspects of preventive behavior left much to be desired. And, the current ESOHCP considered to be still inefficient. However, frequent dental visits had apparent correlation with high level of dental IQ. The specialized and practical program should be needed for the efficient ESOHCP. Harmonized effort from educational, health and dental society is essential.

醫療紛爭調停法案에 대한 檢討

김진현,반덕진 인제대학교 1992 仁濟論叢 Vol.8 No.1

The number of disputes between physicians and patients caused by medical malpractice has showed a sharp increase for the past several years. Medical malpractice may be resolved either in court or by direct negotiation between both sides concerned. However, most of the medical disputes in Korea have been resolved merely through legal technicalities without reference to actual medical practice. Recently medical disputes are showing the aspect of collective showdown between medical doctors and patients. Keeping in mind that medical disputes are sharply increasing and getting more and more serious, government proposed a new system or the Mediation Law of Medical Malpractice Disputes. However, it was critisized to be pro-doctors. The new system has no special acts that demand the civil or penal liability of physicians. This paper discusses some issues mentioned above. Key Word : Malpractice, Medical Dispute

신경회로망에서 뉴런간의 연결도를 이용한 4백 배치 문제 해결 알고리즘

현해진,김덕주,강부식,이기태,임재윤 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper we have proposed a method for solving a four-coloring problem using adjusted information transmission between adjacent neurons in neural networks. These algorithms are based on McCclloch-Pitts binary neuron model neural networks. If a map shares n regions, a 4×n neural array is used to color a map of n regions where each neuron as a processing element performs it. By programming these algorithm by a C-language in IBM PC 486 DX and adapting it to various examples, we have showed the ability of our system. If one neuron is selected among four neurons, the strength of order three neurons is wakened. So, by transmitting the information of selected neuron, adjacent neurons cannot share the same color.

TFM 방식을 이용한 건물의 동적 열성능해석 기법 연구(Ⅰ)

구현덕,이순화,이진숙,송인춘 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.1

This study presents the methodology application of hour-by-hour computation for an extensive analysis in building. The approach to equipment selection based on air-conditioning equipment and air distribution systems with sufficient capacity to cope with maximum design load evolved when all design calculations were performed manually. At that time, extensive design analysis was impractical: now, computers, used frequently for rountine design calculations, make anaysis practical. Consequently, this study describes the fundamental methodology used in calculating a space load and gives basic equations for determining hour-by-hour load factors given in tabular forms in the ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS, 1985 and 1989. It is possible to construct computerized routines to duplicate results obtained with the tabular data, and to examine the effect of various systems and operating schedules on the space energy analysis. This study deals with fundamental calculation procedures for 1. Heat gain through exterior walls and roofs using transfer function coefficients. 2. Hrat gain through interior patitions, ceilings and floors using transfer function coefficients. 3. Conversion of all heat gain components into appropriate room/space loads. 4. Extention of the procedures to calculate the space air temperature and heat extraction rate obtained with a particular type and size of terminal unit. By applicating this procedures to computerization, three basical calcualtion routines are made and verified as the proper simulation methodology. As results. 1. Houry conduction rate has only 0.48% err in average. 2. Houry radiation rate has only 0.041% err in average. 3. Houry temperature variation has only 0.001% err in average. 4. Houry predicted heat extration rate has only 0.005% err in average. From the above results, it is possible to use TFM computerization methodology for energy analysis in building. By applicating three basical comuper calculations, more complicate computer simulation can be interpreted to be needed for annual energy analysis.

치수 치근단 병소의 전구 위험요인으로서의 제 2 형 당뇨의 역할에 관한 소고

김진희,배광식,서덕규,홍성태,이윤,홍삼표,금기연 大韓齒科保存學會 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.3

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome accompanied with the abnormal secretion or function of insulin, a hormone that plays a vital role in controlling the blood glucose level (BGL). Type 1 and 2 DM are most common form and the prevalence of the latter is recently increasing. The aim of this article was to assess whet her Type 2 DM could act as a predisposing risk factor on the pulpo-periapical pathogenesis. Previous literature on the pathologic changes of blood vessels in DM was thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, a histopathologic analysis of artificially-induced periapical specimens obtained from Type 2 diabetic and DM-resistant rats was compared. Histopathologic results demonstrate that the size of periapical bone destruction was larger and the degree of pulpal inflammation was more severe in diabetic rats, indicating that Type 2 DM itself can be a predisposing risk factor that makes the host more susceptible to pulpal infection. The possible reasons may be that in diabetic state the lumen of pulpal blood vessels are thickened by atheromatous deposits, and microcirculation is hindered. The function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte is also impaired and the migration of immune cells is blocked. leading to increased chance of pulpal infection. Also, lack of collateral circulation of pulpal blood vessels makes the pulp more susceptible to infection. These decrease the regeneration capacity of pulpal cells or tissues, delaying the healing process. Therefore, when restorative treatment is needed in Type 2 DM patients, dentists should minimize irritation to the pulpal tissue under control of BGL. 당뇨(Diabetes Mellitus)란 혈당을 조절하는 인슐린의 분비나 기능에 장애를 야기하는 질환으로 인슐린 의존성 여부에 따라 제 1 형과 제 2 형으로 분류된다. 본 종설은 최근 증가 추세에 있는 제 2 형 당뇨가 치수 치근단 병소의 병인 과정에 전구 위험 요인으로 작용할 수 있는지를 평가 하고자 문헌고찰을 통해 당뇨의 병인 과정에서 특징적으로 나타나는 혈관 합병증에 관해 알아보고, 부가적으로 제 2 형 당뇨 쥐 모델에서 인위적인 치수감염 후 얻은 치근단 조직의 조직병리학적 분석을 시행하였다. 조직학적 관찰 결과 제 2 형 당뇨 쥐에서 대조군에 비해 치수 치근단 병소의 크기가 증가하였고, 치수 염증 반응도 심하게 나타난 것으로 보아 당뇨 자체가 숙주를 감염에 취약한 상태로 만드는 전구 위험요소로 작용하였음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 이유로는 첫째, 당뇨 시 전반적으로 나타나는 혈관 내 죽상 침착(atheromatous deposits)에 의해 혈관 내벽의 두께가 두꺼워져 미세 순환의 장애는 물론 탐식 세포의 기능 저하, 면역 세포의 혈류 이동이 차단되어 치수 감염 시 쉽게 치근단 병소로 이환될 가능성이 높고, 둘째 치수 혈관에서 특징인 측부 순환(collateral circulation)의 부재에 따른 살균성 다형핵 백혈구의 활동 억제를 포함한 미세 혈관계의 취약성으로 인해 치수 조직의 재생능이 저하되어 추가적인 감염원의 공격에 대한 방어 및 치유 저하를 더욱 심화시키기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 제 2 형 당뇨 환자의 수복치료 시 치과의사는 당뇨 조절 하에서 치수 조직의 자극을 최소화하기 위한 세심한 처치가 필요하다.

위상이동기법을 이용한 반점사진 계측법 Ⅰ : 이론 Theory

장덕규,김진승 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學 Vol.14 No.2

물체표면의 아주 작은 변형이나 움직임을 재는데 많이 응용되는 반점사진 계측법에서 반점사진을 빠르고도 정밀하게 읽어낼 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 공간주파수 여과법과 위상이동기법을 결합한 것이다. 공간주파수 여과법을 쓰면 반점사진 전체에 걸친 반점의 이동벡터 분포를 한꺼번에 볼 수 있으나, 그 측정정밀도는 떨어진다. 정밀도를 높이려면 헤테로다인 기법을 쓰면 되지만, 이 때는 한번에 한 곳에서만 이동벡터를 잴 수 있으므로 반점사진 전체를 읽어내는데는 시간이 오래 걸린다. 공간주파수 여과법과 위상이동기법을 결합시키면 반점사진 전체를 한꺼번에 읽어내면서도 반점들의 이동벡터의 측정밀도를 높여 거의 헤테로다인 기법을 써야 얻을 수 있는 수준까지 올릴 수 있다. 이 새로운 방법을을 적용시킬 수 있는 실험장치를 고안하고 그 장치의 작동원리를 설명하였다. A new method of the reading out specklegrams, which can provide both the speed and precision simultaneously to the measurement of speckle displacement is proposed. The method is based on the combined application of spatial frequency filtering technique and phase stepping technique. With the spatial frequency filtering technique one can quickly obtain the distribution of speckle displacement vectors over a whole specklegram, yet the precision of the measurement is not so good. By additionally applying the phase stepping technique the precision can be increase to the level of the precision obtainable with heterodyne technique, while preserving the measurement speed. An experimental layout for realizing this new method is devised and the theoretical basis of its operation is explained.

부분 변경이 가능한 도로 경로의 표현 기법

김진덕 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2007 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

국가기술자격 검정의 위탁 확대를 위한 민간기관의 자격검정 능력 실태 분석

김덕기,김상진,이동임 한국직업능력개발원 2006 직업능력개발연구 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 기존의 정부주도형 국가기술자격제도의 구조적 한계를 극복하고 수요자 중심의 자격제도 시행이 효과적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 검정의 민간 위탁 확대 시행방안을모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 위탁 대상 기관의 현황과 이들 기관의 자격검정 관리·운영 능력 실태를 조사하고, 이에 근거하여 국가기술자격검정 위탁의 효율적인 시행 방안을 제시하였다. 위탁 대상 기관의 현황 및 실태는 사업주 단체, 국가자격 검정기관, 국가공인민간자격관리자, 공공기관의 교육훈련 또는 자격검정 담당자를 대상으로 한 설문조사와 면담조사를 통해 이들 기관의 국가기술자격 검정의 위탁 참여 의사, 검정 관리·운영 능력, 위탁 시의 문제점 등을 조사하였다. 연구결과 민간기관의 국가기술자격검정의 위탁 수행에 대한 의지는 높으나, 검정 관리·운영능력을 고려할 때 국가기술자격 검정의 위탁을 단기간 내에 확대 시행하기에는 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이미 국가자격검정을 전국적으로 시행하고 있는 민간기관의 경우해당 분야의 전문성과 대표성을 확보하고 있고, 전국적인 검정 시행 경험과 검정 인프라를 구축하고 있는 것으로 조사되어, 상대적으로 적은 예산지원과 기술지원으로 국가기술자격검정의 위탁 확대 시행이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. The government-led national technical qualification system is said to have failed in meeting the demands of the rapidly changing labor market due to its rigidity. To better satisfy customer demands, including those of industries, the Korean government has encouraged the private sector to participate and take a more active role improving the qualification system, and has extended the entrustment of the national technical qualification testing to private organizations. The purpose of this study is to propose an implementation plan for the government to help promote efficient entrustment of national technical qualification testing to private organizations. The research methods used in the study were questionnaire survey and interviews with those in charge of qualification testing or education and training in national qualification testing institutes, industry or occupational associations and government-authorized private qualification institutes. The main purpose of the survey and interviews was to investigate private organizations‘ capacity to carry out national qualifications testing and their will to participate as national technical qualifications testing centers. The results indicate that most of private organizations hope to become testing centers of national technical qualifications, It, however, seems to be too premature to extent the entrustment of national technical qualification testing to private organizations considering their lack of ability to carry out the testing task of the national technical qualifications.

동천의 정화능력 평가

라덕관,박상숙,김기성,김영규,김성진 순천대학교 1999 순천대학교 자연과학논문집 Vol.18 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the self-purification capacity of Dongcheon in Sunchon. According to water quality of Dongcheon, the mean concentrations of BOD and DO were 0.7∼1.6㎎/ℓ and 7.1∼8.0㎎/ℓ, which correspond to the grade Ⅱ of water quality standards. The ratio of BOD loading inflowed from Sunchon-city, Seocheon and Okchoen were measured 4.8%, 52.1% and 23.7%, respectively. The deoxygenation constant(k_1) and reaeration constant(k_2) of Dongchoen were estimated as 3.19day^(-1) and 2.181day^(-1). The results of DO distribution analysis by Streeter-Phelps equation showed that critical point was 12.1㎞ downstream, and then DO concentration was 6.94㎎/ℓ. In addition, the self-purification capacity assessment indicated that BOD loading to maintain over 5㎎/ℓ of DO should be less than 0.925ton/day.

病院勞使關係의 發展方向에 대한 考察

潘德鎭 서울大學校保健大學院 1992 國民保健硏究所硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.2

We had had five hospital labor unions in july, 1987, but the number of them has increased to 150 unions among 603 general hospitals(25%) in july, 1992. Such conditions is no wonder in the democratic society and makes labor unions encourage. But the problem is that the dispute of both sides is to assume serious aspect. On the side of employees, they want an sample compensation for their services, for example, higher wages, improvement of labor conditions, recognition of the labor union and promotion of the employees' well-being. But on the other hand, employers can not accept these demands because of limitation of doctors' fee with Nation Health Insurance System and they will not recognize the labor unions at hospital. As a result of the conflicts, employees go on a strike, but employers make no concession to the demand. Therefore there are hospitals that patients don't receive full examination and treatment. To establish the desirable labor-management relations: 1. To labor unions should try to establish democratic roles in them, have independence from other parts and contribute to productivity increase of hospital. 2. The managements must recognize equal relations, reform management strategy and renovate their consciousness. 3. The government need to formulate fair rules and carry out them squarely.