Speaking Stella and Silent Astrophil : An Unstable Gender Paradigm in Astrophil and Stella

( Bae¸ Kyung-jin ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.3

The first English sonnet sequence, Astrophil and Stella (1591) by Philip Sidney (1554-1586), has been traditionally considered to embody a powerful sense of subjective presence and philosophical trappings in relations to love and desire. Traditional literary criticism has long been preoccupied with the poet as a desiring subject in the Renaissance love lyrics while the beloved lady is passively and silently represented by a male voice. In her traditional idealization, bordering at times on idolatry, the beloved lady is in fact reduced to silence, which was the most virtuous ideal of feminine decorum in Elizabethan period. In search of the previously hidden or overlooked female voices, this study aims to reexamine the typically gendered paradigm in Sidney's sonnet sequence between a silent female beloved lady and a speaking male poet-lover. Although the Petrarchan mistress is sometimes silenced, in some significant cases she is not. Not only does Stella speak, but the power and significance of her speech are also found at several points in the sequence. It is notable that Stella's voice is represented equal to Astrophil's own. Being a proxy for the representation of the male poet-lover's self, and therefore assigned a silent and iconic function, she occasionally plays an active role, while the male poet is passive and silent. In front of Stella's authoritative and virtuous speech, Astrophil is presented helpless, passive and silent. Though the Eighth song offers Stella's most frank and first person description of her desire for Astrophil, she denies Astrophil. Facing her refusal, Astrophil turns to looking inward in his dark, private and silent state. The last sonnet is overtly artificial and conventional with its Petrarchan metaphors and sentiments and reveals a sense of inability: confined within a convention and unable to say anything else. Stella is enforced to silence but on occasion she repels Astrophil in her speaking in contrast with a passive, helpless and most of all silent Astrophil.

敎育大學生의 敎職에 관한 意識調査

裵珍洙 진주교육대학교 부설 진주문화권연구소 1986 진주문화 Vol.- No.7

The main purposes of this survey are to give basic materials for the guidance, curriculum management, learning activities, and teacher training system with the analyzing the students' viewpoints of the teaching profession. 512 students enrolled in Jin-Ju Teachers' College were included as subjects and this survey was divided into 4 areas. (1) The general consciousness of the teaching profession, (2) The consciousness of the education activites, (3) The consciousness of children education, (4) Other consciousness. On the basis of the results of the above mentioned areas, I suggest some proposals as follows: (1) It is required to form the environment that students can apply for the teaching profession according to their abilities, aptitudes, and the firm sense of commitment. (2) It is required to reinforce the education for the preparation, manipulation of learning materials, and to develop the programs for the improvement of human relationships. (3) It is necessary for the students to increase the understanding of the childrens' characteristics and the latent effect of teachers. (4) It is required to take appropriate administrative measures to solve the elementary school teachers appointment problems.

정신보건관련시설 입원(소)자의 주요 정신장애 유병률 : 전국 20개 시설의 입원(소)자를 대상으로

조성진,조맹제,서동우,함봉진,홍진표,배재남,이준영,이동우,박종익,전홍진,김성주,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.6

Objectives : One of the objectives of this study is to estimate the prevalence rates of psychiatric diagnoses in the combined populations of psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric nursing facilities and homeless asylums using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), which is a comprehensive and fully standardized interview schedule to assess psychiatric disorders for diagnosis. The Other objective is to compare with previously studied prevalence rates of Psy-chiatric diagnoses using the results of this study. Methods : The study subjects, aged from 181o 64 years, were randomly selected from 64,582 institutionalized population of psychiatric hospitals, Psychiatric nursing facilities and homeless asylums as of 30, June, 2001. Twelve trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents. A total of 1,875 respondents (male 1,194, female 681) completed the interview. Results : The lifetime and one year prevalences of any diagnosis excluding nicotine dependence · withdrawal, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, somatoform disorder were 88.2% (male 88.1%, female 88.3%), and 65.8% (male 62.7%, female 73.7%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were 78.5% (male 75.3%, female 83.7%), and 56.8% (male 51.9%, female 64.8%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of alcohol use disorder (dependence/abuse) were 26.7% (male 37.9%, female 8.3%), and 8.7% (male 12.8%, female 2.1%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of mood disorder were 18.1% (male 13.5%, female 25.8%), and 10.4% (male 7.2%,female 16.9%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were comparable with the 2001 community survey by 1.19% to 1.32%, and 0.51% to 0.61%, respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia were also comparable by 0.16% to 0.28%, and 0.16% to 0.25%, respectively. There were no significant changes of prevalence rates when correction were applied to other psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion : The results of this study could be used for evaluating the distribution of psychiatric diagnoses in mental health related facilities and for planning mental health policies.

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 아동의 지적수준에 따른 정신병리와 실행기능의 차이

천은진,서완석,이종범,김진성,구본훈,송창진,성형모,배준용,배대석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.4

To investigate psychopathoIogy and executive functions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children according to intelligence level, this study included 197 ADHD children who visited the outpatient department of neuropsychiatry of YeungNam University Medical Center, from July 2000 to June 2002. The children were divided into groups based on their intelligence levels. They were compared by the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC), Conncers' Continuous Performence Test (CPT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). There were significant differences in PIC, on the subscales of verbal development, socialization and autism. In the CPT, there was no significant difference. In the WCST, there were significant differences in the total number of errors, the number of perseverative errors, the number of completed categories and the number of trials needed to complete the first category. Considering these results, the intelligence level of ADHD children is related to their disabilities and behavioral symptoms.Executive functions such as abstract thinking, categorization, working memory and flexibility had significant relationship to the intelligence levels of ADHD children. Therefore, the intelligence level of children with ADHD influences the higher executive functions of regulating attention and information processing rather than attentional functions and capacity alone.

2차병원에서의 소아과 환자의 응급실 및 외래 이용에 관한 연구

김진희,배진호,전진호,문정웅 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Objectives : To analyze the characteristics of the pediatric patients who visited the emergency room and outpatient department of secondary hospital in order to properly guide pediatric patients to use emergency room and raise the efficiency Methods : The authors investigated and analyzed sex, age, visit day, visit time, length of stay, hospitalization and diagnostic entities of the pediatric patients who visited the emergency room and outpatient department of Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital from January 2003 to December 2005 in a retroactive approach with their medical records. Results : For the three years, the number of total patients who visited the emergency room was 56,051 and among them, the number of pediatric patients was 7,490 (13.4%). The age group of 1 to 2 years was the largest with 2,488 (33.2%). The male to female ratio was 1.34:1. Sunday was the day of the week that the largest number of patienst visited with 2,375 (31.7%) and nearly half (48.4%) of the patients visited the emergency room during the weekend. The time when the most patient visited the emergency room was between 8 pm to 12 am. Regarding the length of stay, the highest number of patients (65.0%) stayed in the emergency room for on hour or less, and the average length of visit was 1.5 hours, which was rather short. Most patients (68.8%) left the hospital after taking simple physical examination and procedure(prescription). The most frequent diagnoses for the pediatric patients who visited the emergency room were acute pharyngitis (26.0%), acute gastroenteritis (20.7%), fever (6.6%). During the same period, the total number of pediatric patients who visited the outpatient department was 125,513. The age group of 3 to 5 was the largest with 36,041 (28.7%). The male to female ratio was 1.34:1. 6.0% of total outpatients required treatment in a hospital. Most frequent diagnoses of the outpatients were asthma (24.4%), pneumonia (12.0%), vaccination (8.7%), febrile convulsion (8.4%), acute pharyngitis (6.6%), acute gastroenteritis (5.8%). Conclusion : It is considered that a large number of pediatric patients still have used emergency room for treatment of simple and mild diseases instead of visiting outpatient department and/or primary hospital. Thus further efforts are required to properly guide pediatric patients to use emergency room and to raise the efficiency of their use.

(연구논문) 1930~40년대 부산화단의 성립연구-일제의 동화정책과 부산 화단의 대응을 중심으로-

배진영 ( Jin Yeong Bae ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2014 항도부산 Vol.30 No.-

전시체제기의 부산미술에 대한 연구는 주로 서양화의 도입과 정착에 중점을 두고 진행되었다. 그 선구적 역할을 한 것은 부산의 판화가이자 미술사가인 이용길이었다. 이후 옥영식과 강선학, 김철효 등이 부산미술사를 정리했으며 학위논문으로 이진철과 이동우 등의 연구가 있다. 이상의 연구들에서는 해당 시기의 중앙화단의 움직임과 분리됨은 물론 당시의 역사적 상황을 제대로 담지 못하고 서술되었다는 점에서 아쉬움이 있다. 또한 미술을 비롯한 한 시대의 문화는 그 당시의 역사적 경험을 반영하는 것이므로 그 시대의 미술을 파악하는 것 역시 역사적 관점과 연결해야 함에도 기왕의 연구에서는 이 부분에서 큰 취약점을 지닌다. 따라서 본 논문은 상기의 문제점을 염두에 두고 일제 강점기, 특히 부산 지역에서 ‘근대 미술’이 본격적으로 뿌리를 내리고 싹을 틔우기 시작했던 1930년대 ~ 1940년대, 즉 전시체제기를 ‘역사적 관점’에 바탕을 두고 살펴보고자 했다. 이 때 연구의 대상은 조선미술전람회(이하 조선미전으로 줄임.) 입선 작가를 중심으로 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 해당 시기의 작품들이 일제의 동원정책에 어떻게 대응했는지를 알아보고자 했다. 그 결과, 처음에 연구 과제로 제시했던 문제에 다음과 같은 답을 내렸다. 우선 중앙화단의 모더니즘적인 흐름에 비해, 부산지역의 화단은 독자적인 향토적이고 조선적인 방향을 추구했다는 것을 구체적으로 진술하였다. 또한 부산의 화단은 당시 일제와의 관계 속에서 때로는 그들의 내선일체 정책이나 황국신민화 정책 등의 동화정책의 영향을 받아, 일부는 그에 조응하여 추종하기도 했지만, 동시에 일부는 그와 다른 방향을 추구하기도 했다는 것이다. 전자의 예로서 이 글에서는 임응구의 작품을, 후자의 그것으로는 양달석과 서진달의 예로 들었다. 그리고 이를 통해서 당시 일제의 동화정책이 단일한 경로를 통해서 이루어진 것이 아니며, 이에 대한 부산화단의 대응 역시 획일적으로 이루어지지 않았음을 구체적으로 진술 하였다. 이 연구는 선배 연구자들이 시도했던 부산 미술사 연구를 역사적 관점에서 재조명하고, 이를 바탕으로 부산 지역의 역사를 풍부화하려는 시도의 출발점에서 쓰인 바이다. 그렇기에 그 내용과 사료에 있어 좀 더 많은 보충이 필요할 것이다. 하지만 이 시도가 지속적으로 이루어져 바라는 바의 성과를 거둔다면, 단순히 지역사의 확충이 아니라 한국사 전체의 귀중한 자산이 될 수 있을 것이라 생각 한다. The organization of Busan artist group in 1930`s-1940`s. The focus is on Japanese attempts at assimilation and countermeasures of the Busan artist group. The study of Busan arts in the period of the war, where a system is processed which is focused on introduction and settlement of western painting. The pioneer of Busan art history is Lee Yong-gil who was a printer and art historian. After, the history of Busan art is studied by Ok Young-sik, Kang Sun-hak and Kim Chul-hyo. Others include Lee Jin-chul and Lee Dong-woo who wrote down the study of Busan art history. The above studies are separated and described as follows. It is between the Central Artist group movement and the Busan Artist group movement. It is impossible to describe the historical situation in those days. The contemporary arts is reflect historical experience at that time. Hence, we need an historical view to understand the above contemporary arts. But previous studies have weak points regarding this point. So, I think of the weak points in the previous study. The Modern arts in Busan area of Japanese colonial era were started. At that time between the1930`s and 1940`s. I studied the Busan arts in their historical view. I have focused on the study of the winning artists in the Joseon Art Exhibition. Through this paper, I tried to study the countermeasure of works of that time about Japanese Mobilization Policy. After a while, I found this answer. Above all, I specified and described that the Central artist group had Modernism stream, but the Busan artist group had local color and Joseon color. At that time, the Busan artist group has relationships with Japan policy. And, they have influenced by the Nae-son-il-che and the subject of the Emperor of Japan`s consciousness. After reading, one part followed Japanese policy and the other part followed a different way. According to this study, one part is the works of Yim Eung-gu and the other part is the works of Yang Dal-seok and Seo Jin-Dal. And, through this study, I described not only the assimilation of Japan in various channels but also the countermeasures of the Busan artist group. I think that this paper is revisited by the study of Busan art history in an historical view. I wrote this paper because my target was to extend the history of Busan religion. So, I need to study more and look at further historical records. But if I accomplish the target, I assure you that not only will it extend Busan history but also valuable, wider Korean history.

무선 애드 혹 기반 액티브네트워크상에서 QoS지원에 관한 연구

李基源,裵振勝,丁燦赫,金玄郁,李光培,姜景仁,朴京培,文泰洙,郭承郁,河載承 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - In this thesis, we propose a QoS supporting method on wireless ad hoc-based active network for improving reliability. On the loss of route path, the existing DSR routing protocol has several problems with wireless network communication because of decease of data reception rate and increase of network load. The proposed method improves reliability of data transfer by using functions of active network. That is, by using functions of active nodes and active packets, the proposed method supports QoS with reservation transfer method that saves data packets on transfer at intermediate nodes with lost path and then re-transmit the packets after route reconfiguration.

요 검사용 스트립의 분광학적 분석을 위한 Computer Simulation

김성철,진병문,김재형,김정배,조진욱,전계록,이승진,김건우 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

The spectroscopic properties of 9 pads in a urine strip were studied to develop a urine analysis system. From the present work, we determined the wavelength range which could accurately distinguish the degrees of 9 test items. A computer simulation was performed to distinguish the primary color reaction in the urine strips by using the reflectance of the urine strips, the iuminous intensity of light-emitting diodes, and the spectral sensitivity of photodiodes. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results obtained by using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer.

경막 내 colistimethate 투여로 치료한 다제 내성 cinetobacter baumannii 뇌실염

홍유아,유진홍,김진진,모은영,안건희,정희경,김진석,이현정,정미향,윤승배 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.4

Acinetobacter species is a non-fermentative aerobic gram-negative coccobacillus that is an important pathogen found in nosocomial infections. Recently, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) infections have been increasing and pose a serious problem. Most such infections present as bacteremia, pneumonia, or a wound infection; however, CNS infections are very rare. We herein present a case of ventriculitis caused by MDR-AB in a 37-year old man after a neurosurgical intervention. The patient was successfully treated with intrathecal colistimethate.

한국어판 Composite International Dianostic Interview(K-CIDI)의 개발

조맹제,함봉진,서동우,홍진표,배재남,김장규,이동우,조성진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구는 국제적인 정신장애 진단도구인 Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI)를 한국의 사회문화적 상황에 적합하게 번역하고 신뢰도 및 타당도를 평가하여 한국어판으로 개발하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 : CIDI는 정신장애를 평가하고 진단할 수 있는 포괄적이고, 완전히 표준화된 진단도구로 훈련받은 일반인들이 적용할 수 있기 때문에 대규모 역학조사에 적합하다. 세계보건기구에서 제공하는 CIDI 번역 지침에 따라 한국어판 CIDI(K-CIDI)를 제작하였다. 영어권과 한국의 언어 및 사회문화적 차이를 고려하여 번역 및 개정을 하였고 역번역을 통하여 원본의 의미와 일치하는지를 확인하였다. 임상환자를 135명과 일반인 5명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도 검사를 실시하였다. 두 명의 평가자가 K-CIDI를 이용하여 동일한 대상자를 동시에 면담하고 일주일 뒤에 재검사를 실시하였다. K-CIDI로 검사를 받은 대상자들을 정신과 전공의와 임상심리사가 한국어판 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ를 이용하여 진단을 내렸다. 두 가지 진단의 일치도에 대한 kappa값을 산출하였다. 결 과 : CIDI의 번역에서 한국어 표현이 복잡하고 긴 문항은 두 개의 문장으로 분리하였고, 성과 관련된 표현과 의료체계 및 의료추구행태에서 사회문화적 차이를 반영하였다. 공포장애의 대상과 알코올 및 물질의 종류도 한국의 실정에 맞게 조정하였다. 현장 검사와 역번역 과정에서 K-CIDI가 적절하게 제작된 것으로 평가되었다. K-CIDI의 평가자간 신뢰도 검사는 140명에 대하여 이루어졌고 kappa값은 진단에 따라 0.86∼1.00범위였다. 검사/재검사 신뢰도 검사는 47명에 대해 이루어졌고 kappa값은 진단에 따라 0.42∼0.89였다. K-CIDI의 타당도 검사는 50명에 대해 이루어졌고 kappa값이 진단에 따라 0.50∼1.00의 범위였다. 결 론 : K-CIDI는 한국의 사회 문화적 배경에 적합하게 제작되었고 신뢰도 및 타당도 검사에서 역학연구에 적절한 진단도구로 평가되었다. Objectives : This study aims to develop a Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview(K-CIDI). Methods : The Composite International Diagnostic Interview(CIDI) is a comprehensive, fully standardized interview that can be used to assess psychiatric disorders and provide diagnoses. The K-CIDI was developed according to the guidelines provided by the WHO. The reliability and validity of the K-CIDI was evaluated by examining 135 psychiatric patients and five community residents. Subjects were jointly interviewed twice with a one-week interval. A psychiatric resident and clinical psychologist jointly determined clinical diagnoses using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ. Results : Notable modifications were done on sex-related expression, health system and help seeking behavior, subjects for phobic disorder, and kinds of alcohol and substance. Long and complex questions were divided into two or more questions. Field test and back-translation of the K-CIDI confirmed the appropriateness of the translation of the CIDI. The inter-rater reliability, test/retest reliability, and validity of the K-CIDI indicated kappa values ranging from 0.86-1.00, 0.42-0.89, and 0.50-1.00, respectively. Conclusion : The K-CIDI was deemed to be appropriate for the sociocultural background of Koreans. The reliability and validity of the K-CIDI were judged to be exceptionally acceptable.