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텍스트 제시 유형에 따른 초등학교 2학년 발달성 난독 학생과 일반 학생의 읽기유창성 특성
김찬미(Chanmi Kim), 유해림(Haerim Yu), 엄지목(Jimok Eom), 강정수(Jungsoo Kang), 배소영(Soyeong Pae) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.9
목적 초등 저학년군(1-2학년)의 국어 교과 목표로 유창한 읽기 능력을 포함하고 있다. 따라서 발달성 난독 학생의 해독 능력뿐만 아니라 유창한 읽기 능력에 대한 지원이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 발달성 난독 학생이 시공간적 요인을 고려한 텍스트 제시유형에 따라 읽기유창성 능력에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 살펴보고, 지원 방법을 논의하고자 하였다. 방법 인지 및 언어 능력에 어려움이 없으나 읽기에 어려움을 보이는 발달성 난독 학생 13명과 일반 학생 13명을 대상으로 읽기유창성 능력을 정확도, 속도, 운율 측면에서 살펴보았다. 해독 난이도와 언어적 난이도를 조절한 텍스트를 문장의 구두점을 경계로 문단을 구성한 문장 줄 바꿈형 텍스트와 줄글 형식의 일반교과형 유형으로 구성하였고, 각 유형별로 두 가지 텍스트를 순서효과와 반복효과를 배제하여 제시하였다. 결과 정확도면에서는 발달성 난독 집단이 일반집단보다 낮은 정확도를 보였으나 각 집단 내에서 텍스트 제시 유형에 따른 정확도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 읽기 속도에서는 발달성 난독 집단이 일반 집단보다 텍스트를 느리게 읽는 것으로 나타났으며, 문장 줄 바꿈형 텍스트보다 일반교과형 텍스트에서 속도가 더 느린 것으로 나타났다. 운율면에서는 발달성 난독 집단이 일반 집단보다 운율 총점이 낮았지만, 텍스트 제시 유형에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 발달성 난독 학생에게 어느 정도 해독 가능한 텍스트를 제시해주었을 때 정확도 면에서 발달성 난독 학생이 일반아동처럼 텍스트 제시 유형에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않아 텍스트의 조절이 중요함을 확인하였다. 반면 속도 면에서는 문장 줄 바꿈형보다 일반교과형 글에서 더욱 느린 속도로 읽어내어 일반아동과 격차가 벌어지고 있는데, 발달성 난독 아동에게 처리속도에 대한 지원이 매우 필요함을 시사한다. Objectives Reading fluency is an important factor that connects decoding ability and reading comprehension ability. Given that fluent reading is essential for language classes in lower grades of elementary school in Korea, it is necessary to support not only the decoding ability but also student’s reading fluency. This study investigated the differences in reading fluency ability of two groups of children according to text presentation types. Methods Thirteen students with developmental dyslexia(DYS) and 13 typically developing students(TD) read two types of decodable texts, sentence-broken type and general type. Reading accuracy, speed and prosody were measured. Results DYS revealed lower accuracy and prosody scores than TD, while there were no differences in accuracy and prosody according to text presentation type. DYS took longer time to finish reading texts than TD, while only DYS took longer time to read general type text than sentence-broken type text. Conclusions When presenting a text that is decodable to a certain extent to DYS, the text presentation type didn’t seem to matter for reading accuracy, although reading speed was influenced by the presentation type. It seems very important to consider the visuo-spatial presentation format as well as the decodability of the texts to support DYS’s reading fluency meaningfully.
Su-Yong Eun,Jimok Kim,Jihye Lee,Sung Jun Jung,Joo Min Park,Yun Kyung Park,Dongkwan Kim,Sang Jeong Kim,Jiyeon Kwak,Jun Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.5 No.1
<P> Capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of hot pepper, elicits an intense burning pain when applied cutaneously and intradermally. Activation of capsaicin-gated channel in C-type dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons produces nonselective cationic currents. Although electrophysiological and biochemical properties of capsaicin-activated current (I<SUB>CAP</SUB>) were studied, the regulatory mechanism and intracellular signaling pathway are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the modulations of I<SUB>CAP</SUB> by DAMGO (μ-opioid agonist) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). In 18 out of 86 cells, the amplitude of I<SUB>CAP</SUB> was significantly increased by DAMGO and completely reversed after washout, while I<SUB>CAP</SUB> was decreased by DAMGO in 25 cells. In 43 cells, DAMGO had no effect on I<SUB>CAP</SUB>. Mean action potential duration was significantly different between increased-by-DAMGO group and decreased-by-DAMGO group. Mean amplitudes of I<SUB>H</SUB> were not significantly different between both groups. CCK-8 reversibly enhanced the amplitude of I<SUB>CAP </SUB>(5/13). DAMGO also increased I<SUB>CAP</SUB> amplitude significantly in the same cells. The amplitude of I<SUB>CAP</SUB> was increased in additive manner by combined applications of DAMGO and CCK-8 in these cells. These results suggest that DAMGO and CCK-8 can either increase or decrease I<SUB>CAP</SUB> presumably depending on the subtypes of DRG cells and classified by electrophysiological properties.
Truncated Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Mutation Induces Asef-Activated Golgi Fragmentation
Kim, Sang Bum,Zhang, Lu,Yoon, Jimok,Lee, Jeon,Min, Jaewon,Li, Wenlin,Grishin, Nick V.,Moon, Young-Ah,Wright, Woodring E.,Shay, Jerry W. American Society for Microbiology 2018 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.38 No.17
<P>Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a key molecule to maintain cellular homeostasis in colonic epithelium by regulating cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity, and cell migration through activating the APC-stimulated guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (Asef). The APC-activated Asef stimulates the small GTPase, which leads to decreased cell-cell adherence and cell polarity, and enhanced cell migration. In colorectal cancers, while truncated APC constitutively activates Asef and promotes cancer initiation and progression, regulation of Asef by full-length APC is still unclear. Here, we report the autoinhibition mechanism of full-length APC. We found that the armadillo repeats in full-length APC interact with the APC residues 1362 to 1540 (APC-2,3 repeats), and this interaction competes off and inhibits Asef. Deletion of APC-2,3 repeats permits Asef interactions leading to downstream signaling events, including the induction of Golgi fragmentation through the activation of the Asef-ROCK-MLC2. Truncated APC also disrupts protein trafficking and cholesterol homeostasis by inhibition of SREBP2 activity in a Golgi fragmentation-dependent manner. Our study thus uncovers the autoinhibition mechanism of full-length APC and a novel gain of function of truncated APC in regulating Golgi structure, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, which provides a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention against colon cancers.</P>
Inhibitory Actions of HERG Currents by the Immunosuppressant Drug Cyclosporin A
Seung Ho Lee,Sang June Hahn,Gyesik Min,Jimok Kim,Su-Hyun Jo,Han Choe,Bok Hee Choi 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.5
The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant, on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channel as it is expressed in human embryonic kidney cells was studied using a whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. CsA inhibited the HERG channel in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value and a Hill coefficient of 3.17ՌM and 0.89, respectively. Pretreatment with cypermethrine, a calcineurin inhibitor, had no effect on the CsA-induced inhibition of the HERG channel. The CsA-induced inhibition of HERG channels was voltage-dependent, with a steep increase over the voltage range of the channel opening. However, the inhibition exhibited voltage independence over the voltage range of fully activated channels. CsA blocked the HERG channels predominantly in the open and inactivated states rather than in the closed state. Results of the present study suggest that CsA acts directly on the HERG channel as an open-channel blocker, and it acts independently of its effect on calcineurin activity.
Blockade of Human HERG K+ Channels by Rosiglitazone, an Antidiabetic Drug
Seung Ho Lee,최복희,Min Ji Sung,한상준,Jimok Kim,민계식,조수현,Han Choe 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.9
This study examined the effect of rosiglitazone, an oral antidiabetic drug, on human ether-a-gogo-related gene (HERG) channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, interaction between rosiglitazone and HERG in HEK293 cells was studied. Rosiglitazone inhibited HERG channels in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 18.8 μM and a Hill coefficient of 1.0. These effects were reversible after wash-out of the drug. The rosiglitazone-induced inhibition of HERG channels was voltagedependent, with a steep increase in inhibition over the voltage range of channel opening. However, inhibition was voltage-independent over the voltage range in which channels are fully activated. Rosiglitazone did not change the steady-state activation or inactivation curves or the activation or deactivation kinetics, implying that rosiglitazone blocks HERG channels predominantly in the open and inactivated state rather than in the closed state. The present study suggests that rosiglitazone blocks HERG channels by binding to activated and inactivated channels, and rosiglitazone use should thus be carefully monitored in patients with pre-existing QT prolongation.