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Jie Zhong,Fan Zhang,Yongjia Peng,Zhixin Ji,Hongqiang Li,Shuncai Li,Xiangzhai Zhang,Qiumei Shi,Jin Zhang 한국생물공학회 2017 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.22 No.6
The overuse and abuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry is an ongoing problem. While probiotics could be an alternative, their effectiveness, stability and production cost are key factors that need to be addressed first. This study used a mixed culture of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on a simple and inexpensive solid-state medium generated by pouring a liquid MRS medium, which was designed to favor the dense growth of lactobacilli, onto wheat bran at a ratio of 1:2 by weight. Using this method, we achieved a very high number of live bacteria (NLB), at 3.93 × 1014 CFU/g, without the need for expensive anaerobic equipment. The mixed culture thus achieved striking results that were up to 10,000 times better than the pure culture and did not require special anaerobic equipment. A real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the shares of the four strains in the mixed culture probiotics (MCPs) were 2, 17, 46, and 35%, respectively, which indicates that the fermentation product contained an uneven distribution of the four probiotic target bacteria. The MCPs possessed good storage stability at room temperature, and the NLB was greater than 106 CFU/g after 30 days at 25°C, which made it easier to transport and store. They also demonstrated good stability in artificial digestion fluids, with an NLB of over 1012 CFU/g after sequential treatments, which enabled them to maintain effectiveness in the animal gastrointestinal tract. Finally, the MCPs were fed to the mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in order to test their effectiveness, and the growth rates of both significantly improved with the MCPs feeding. This study thus demonstrated that culturing MCPs on a solid-state medium is an efficient method to affordably produce probiotic feed additives that can improve the performance of very physiologically different animals, such as the mealworm and raccoon dog, which indicates their potential for very wide applicability.
Jie Zhong,Xudong Zhi,Feng Fan 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.5
Quantitatively modeling and propagating all sources of uncertainty stand at the core of seismic fragility assessment of structures. This paper investigates the eff ects of various sources of uncertainty on seismic responses and seismic fragility estimates of single-layer reticulated domes. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the sensitivity of typical seismic responses to uncertainties in structural modeling parameters, and the results suggest that the variability in structural damping, yielding strength, steel ultimate strain, dead load and snow load has signifi cant eff ects on the seismic responses, and these fi ve parameters should be taken as random variables in the seismic fragility assessment. Based on this, fragility estimates and fragility curves incorporating diff erent levels of uncertainty are obtained on the basis of the results of incremental dynamic analyses on the corresponding set of 40 sample models generated by Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The comparisons of these fragility curves illustrate that, the inclusion of only ground motion uncertainty is inappropriate and inadequate, and the appropriate way is incorporating the variability in the fi ve identifi ed structural modeling parameters as well into the seismic fragility assessment of single-layer reticulated domes.
The Role of Butyrate in Attenuating Pathobiont-Induced Hyperinflammation
Jiezhong Chen,Luis Vitetta 대한면역학회 2020 Immune Network Vol.20 No.2
An excessive hyperinflammatory response-caused septic shock is a major medical problem that is associated with pathogenic bacterial infections leading to high mortality rates. The intestinal microbiota and the associated elaborated metabolites such as short chain fatty acid butyrate have been shown to relieve pathogenic bacterial-caused acute inflammation. Butyrate can down-regulate inflammation by inhibiting the growth of pathobionts, increasing mucosal barrier integrity, encouraging obligate anaerobic bacterial dominance and decreasing oxygen availability in the gut. Butyrate can also decrease excessive inflammation through modulation of immune cells such as increasing functionalities of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells and inhibiting infiltration by neutrophils. Therefore, various approaches can be used to increase butyrate to relieve pathogenic bacterial-caused hyperinflammation. In this review we summarize the roles of butyrate in attenuating pathogenic bacterial-caused hyperinflammatory responses and discuss the associated plausible mechanisms.
Jinyue He,Jiezhong Deng,Yusheng Yang,Tingting Zheng,Fei Luo,Jianzhong Xu,Zehua Zhang 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.4
Objective: To illustrate a simultaneous single-position oblique lateral interbody fusion (SPOLIF) combined with unilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in treating single-level lumbar tuberculosis, compared with posterior-only approach in clinical and radiographic evaluations. Methods: Consecutive patients who had undergone surgeries for single-level lumbar tuberculosis from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients included were divided into SP-OLIF and posterior-only groups according to surgical methods applied, with follow-up for at least 36 months. Outcomes included estimated blood loss, operative time, and complications for safety evaluation; visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for efficacy evaluation; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for evaluating tuberculosis activity; x-ray and computed tomography scan were used for radiographic evaluation. Results: A total of 136 patients had been enrolled in the study (60 for SP-OLIF and 76 for Posterior-only). The median operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay in SP-OLIF group were significantly less, with a lower complication rate. Meanwhile, the SP-OLIF group showed substantially lower VAS in 1 and 7 days and decreased ODI in the first month postoperatively, without significant difference afterward. Similarly, the median CRP and ESR in SP-OLIF group were significantly lower in 3 and 7 days postoperatively. All indicators had reduced to normal after 3 months. No recurrence had been reported throughout the whole follow-up. Conclusion: SP-OLIF was an efficient minimally invasive protocol for single-level lumbar tuberculosis, facilitating earlier clinical improvement, with decreased blood loss, operative time and hospital stay compared with posterior-only approach.
Dai, Binxiang,Zou, Jiezhong 한국전산응용수학회 2007 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.24 No.1
In this paper, we investigate a discrete-time non-autonomous predator-prey system with the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. By using the coincidence degree and the related continuation theorem as well as some priori estimates, easily verifiable sufficient criteria are established for the existence of positive periodic solutions.
Zhongyao Zhang,Xiaopeng Chen,Jiezhen Liang,Xiaojie Wei,Kaixi Deng,Jiezhong Zou,Linlin Wang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-
The petrol-based random copolymer, e.g., aromatic-hydrocarbon resin, is widely used in industrial production,but the research about its gas–liquid two flow is far from being solved. Herein, the formation,motion, and deformation of a single bubble in six different concentrations of random copolymer solutionswere systemically investigated using high-speed photography (1000 fps), combined with digital imageprocessing technology. The departure time of the bubble first decreases and then increases, and maximumof aspect ratio and specific surface area reduce as the proportion of solute increases. The bubbledeparture time decreases and bubble size increases with viscous force increases in the case of same surfacetension. Based on force balance analysis, added mass force is one of the prime reasons to affect bubbleoscillation during the acceleration phase after bubble detachment, whereas the effect of added massforce decreases as solute increases or as the bubble reaches stability zone. Also, velocity, drag coefficientand aspect ratio of bubble were discussed in detail by dimensionless analysis. Furthermore, three newshape numerical models (based on We, Ta, and WeEo, respectively) were proposed, which allowed for satisfactorypredictions, and new correlations represent well the experimental data in a wider range of Monumbers from the mentioned literature (11.6 logMo 0.63).