鄕歌와 詞腦에 對하여

宋在周 朝鮮大學校 師範大學 國語敎育科 1981 國語敎育硏究 Vol.2 No.-

“오늘날 우리가 물려 받은 향가중에서 처용가만큼 조잡한 작품이 또 달리 있을 것 같지 않다. 「모죽지랑가」에서는 더욱 그러한 것이다. 「처용가」에서는 그런대로 일말의 humor나 eroticism이라도 발견할 수 있지마는, 「모죽지랑가」에서는 필부필부(匹夫匹婦)들이 늘어놓은 상청에서의 넋두리를 넘어서지 못한 조잡밖에 없기 때문이다”라고 하여 “일말의 humor나 eroticism의 인정으로서 ”처용가“의 문학성을 층정하는 요건중의 하나로 보아 아쉬운대로 무리하게 격상(?)시켜 보려고 한 듯하지만 삼국유사 ”처용랑, 망해사“ 조에 실려있는 이 처용가에 대한 연구 업적들과는 상당한 거리감을 느끼게 한다. 필자도 ”처용가의 형성연대에 대하여“(조선대학교 ”인문과연구“ 제3집 1681.2)에서 이삼국유사에 대한 문헌기록의 분석검토와 처용가 표기에 사용된 표기체계의 특징을 고찰한 바에 다라서, 아무래도 처용설화 및 처용가는 고려 광종후 충렬왕 이전에 형성되었으리라는 결론에 도달할 수밖에 없다고 하였었다. 또한 향가 표기 중 우리의 주목을 끌게 하는 것은 “東京暝期月良” 이라고 표기된 데에서 “동경”이라는 어사라고 할 것이다. 이 “동경”이 경주를 가리킨다는 것은 아직 움직일 수 없는 정설처럼 알려지고 있는데, 필자와 같이 고려초기 형성설을 가지고 본다면 더욱 더 문제거니와 삼국유사의 기록을 그대로 존신하여 신라 헌강왕대 작품이라 하더라도 “동경”이라고 표기된 이 어사는 이 처용가를 “조잡한 지방문학”이라고만 일축하기에는, 그 지방이 수도에 대립된 지방인진댄, 곤란한 문제라고 하지 않을 수가 없는 것이다. “동경”어사에 대한 새로운 해석 내지 처용가 전체 해석에 의한 “동경”의 해석이 합리적으로 처리되어야 할 것임은 물론이다. 충분한 고증에 의해서라는 뜻도 될 것이다. 여상한 필자의 주장은 집단적인 원시 제례 의식의 무도에서 발생한 시률에서 시가가 나오고, 그 제례에서 민요와 서정시가 파생되며, 민요는 목축자나 농민의 사이에 전하여지고, 서정시는 도시의 귀족 하이에서 육성된다는 계보나 원리에 위배되는 것이 아니라 함을 부언하여 두련다.

志人小說界說之我見

寗稼雨 中國語文硏究會 1995 中國語文論叢 Vol.8 No.-

Inhibition of human liver cancer cell growth by evodiamine involves apoptosis and deactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway

Jia Jia,Kang Xigang,Liu Yanfang,Zhang Jianwei 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.5

Evodiamine is an active alkaloid member found in Traditional Chinese Herb (TCH) Evodia rutaecarpa. It has been reported to exhibit remarkable biological and medicinal activities including anticancer and anti-inflammatory. This study was designed to investigate the anticancer effects of evodiamine against human liver cancer and evaluate its effects on cell migration, cell invasion, cellular apoptosis and PI3K/AKT pathway. The results showed that evodiamine exhibits potent antiproliferative effects against two human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and PLHC-1) with an IC50 of 20 μM. Nonetheless, the cytotoxic effects of evodiamine were comparatively low against the normal cells as evident from the IC50 of 100 μM. The growth inhibitory effects of evodiamine were found to be due to the induction of apoptosis as revealed by the DAPI, AO/EB and annexin V/PI staining assays. The induction of apoptosis was also associated with upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in a concentration dependent manner. The wound healing and transwell assay revealed that evodiamine caused a significant decline in the migration and invasion of the HepG2 and PLHC-1 cells. Investigation of the effects of evodiamine on the PI3K/AKT signalling revealed that evodiamine inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins. Taken together, the results showed that evodiamine inhibits the growth of human liver cancer via induction of apoptosis and deactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway. The results point towards the therapeutic potential of evodiamine in the treatment of liver cancer.

Association between FGFRs and the susceptibility of digestive and reproductive system cancers in Chinese population

Jia-Kang Wang,Shu-jun Guo,Bao-qing Tian,Chnag-jun Nie,Hai-long Wang,Jia-lang Wang,An Hong,Xiao-jia Chen 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2017 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.13 No.4

Fibroblast growth factors(FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) modulate a wide range of biological functions, especially tumor genesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of FGFR expression with the susceptibility of digestive system and reproductive system cancers in Chinese population. In total, 343 patients with digestive or reproductive system cancers were enrolled in this study. The expression levels of four highly-conserved FGFRs including FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression levels of FGFRs were compared between carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues. FGFR1 expression significantly differed between carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues in colon and gastric cancers. FGFR2 expression significantly differed between carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues in esophageal cancer. FGFR3 expression was significantly different between carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues in liver and gastric cancers. FGFR2 showed the highest expression probability in all the selected cancers and FGFR4 showed the lowest expression probability. FGFR1 and FGFR3 showed comparable moderate expression probabilities. Our findings have demonstrated significant differences regarding FGFR expression levels between carcinoma and para-carcinoma cells in digestive or reproductive system cancer patients. The data also implicated that FGFR2 and FGFR4 could serve as two prominent factors closely related to the susceptibility of digestive and reproductive system cancers.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Perilla Flowering Related gene, PfHd3a, in Perilla

Jia Chae(Jia Chae),Jae Bok Heo(Jae Bok Heo) 한국육종학회 2023 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2023 No.-

A Study on the Art Management and Cultural Activities in China from the K-Wave Case

Jia Ning LI(Jia Ning LI),Su SHUAI(Su SHUAI ),Zhang FAN(Zhang FAN ) 한국한류학회 2023 한류연구 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between Art management and Cultural activities in China from the K-wave case. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the method of the cases study survey, with the K-wave case in as the survey objects, 3 valid survey sample case were collected in this paper. Results: The two dimensions of art management and cultural activities differently influences from the K-wave, and the influence of availability on customer satisfaction is not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study will provide useful reference for the Art management and Cultural activities in China from the K-wave case. And improve the development of art management and cultural activities in China by improving the K-wave of service quality. Art management can shape urban commercial space in a beneficial way, create a good consumption atmosphere, and enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of the city. The introduction of art elements into urban commercial space can create a strong cultural atmosphere, so that the city presents a smart look. Art management has a positive impact on K-Wave production and operation activities, which can promote the shaping of art commercial space, the promotion of urban cultural atmosphere.

Structural Basis of Emi2 Recognition by Polo-Box Domain of Polo-like Kinase 1 and Effects of Structure-Derived Antagonist in Oocyte Maturation and Fertillization

Jia-Jia Lin,Young-Hyun Han,Jung-Woo Kwon,Yong-Nan Xu,Yi-Bo Luo,Yu-Jin Jo,Chang-Eun Park,Jung-Kyu Baang,Suk Namgoong,Nam-Hyung Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2014 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.38 No.2s

In meiosis, Emi2 plays important role as CSF (Cytostatic Factor) to make the oocyte arrested in mII stage by the inhibition of APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome). Once the oocyte fertilized, Emi2 was destabilized and degraded. For the degradation of Emi2, calcium signaling activate calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and phosphorylate emi2. Phosphorylated emi2 is recognized by polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and further degradated by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. But recognition of Plk1 and emi2 is unknown. In this works, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of polo-box domain of Plk1 and phosphorylated emi2 peptide at 1.90Å. Determined structure revealed that several unique features, including binding of Phe169 in the tyrosin-rich hydrophobic pocket. This is the first report of crystallization that Plk1-emi2 complex. Based on the complex structure, we designed the peptide analogs which pontentially inhibits recognition of Emi2 by Plk1 and assessed its biological activity in oocyte maturation and pathernogenetic activation. Injection of AB103-8, the inhibitor of Plk1 Polo-box domain, in mouse oocytes, induced the maturation arrest in GV stage and the delay in mII parthenogenetic activation. Further investigations of the mechanism that Plk1 involved into the Emi2 mII arrest are underway.

Computational load reduction by avoiding the recalculation of angular redundancy in computer‐generated holograms

Jia Jia,Jhensi Chen,Daping Chu 한국전자통신연구원 2019 ETRI Journal Vol.41 No.1

A fast hologram calculation approach is proposed to reduce computational load by avoiding the recalculation of redundancy information. In the proposed method, the hologram is divided into several sub‐holograms that record and reconstruct different views of 3D objects. The sub‐hologram is generated from its adjacent calculated sub‐holograms by only adding the holograms of difference images between an adjacent pair of views. The repetitive information of two adjacent views is called angular redundancy. Therefore, avoiding the recalculation of this angular redundancy can considerably reduce the computational load. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method can reduce the computational time for the statue head, rabbits, and car to 4.73%, 6.67%, and 10.4%, respectively, for uniform intensity, and to 56.34%, 57.9%, and 66.24%, respectively, for 256 levels intensity, when compared to conventional methods.

Pythium subutonaiense, A New Aquatic Oomycete from Southern China Based on Morphological and Molecular Characters

( Jia-jia Chen ),( Xiao-bo Zheng ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.3

A new species, Pythium subutonaiense, isolated from aquatic environments (lake) in China is being described based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. The isolates grew at temperatures between 5 ℃ and 38 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 30 ℃, with a radial growth rate of 17.6mm at 25 ℃ per day. It is homothallic and characterized by globose to sub-globose shaped and mostly terminal or sometimes catenulate hyphal swellings, filamentous non-inflated sporangia, and smooth oogonia with hypogynous and monoclinous antheridia that contained one plerotic oospore. In phylogenetic analysis, inferred based on the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA gene and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene, the new species formed a distinct lineage in Pythium clade B. Differences between the new species and phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed.

국제상사중재상 택일조항과 기판력원칙의 적용에 관한 고찰

류쟈쟈(Jia-Jia Liu),한낙현(Nak-Hyun Han) 한국국제상학회 2023 國際商學 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구에서는 국제상사중재에서 자주 쟁점이 되고 있는 기판력조항과 택일조항을 분석하고, 이들 조항과 관련하여 쟁점이 된 Iberdrola v. Guatemala(Ⅱ) 사건을 분석한 후 그 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 이 사건에서 ① 기판력(res judicata)의 문제는 국제법과 중재지법(스위스법)에 근거하여 판정되었다. ② 3중 동일성 기준(triple identity test)에 근거해 전 ICSID 중재의 관할권 부정 판정의 기판력을 인정하고, UNCITRAL 중재에서 신청인의 청구가 차단되었다. ③ 투자조약상에는 명시적인 택일(fork in the road) 조항이 존재하지 않았지만, 해석에 의해 택일조항의 존재를 인정한 후에 그것을 적용하여 관할권을 부정했다. ④ 반소에 대해 투자조약과 중재규칙이 모순되는 경우에 있어서는 전자가 우선한다고 해, 반소를 할 권리를 피신청국은 갖지 않는다고 판정했다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 본다. Purpose: By analyzing the res judicata principle and the fork-in-the-road clause, which are frequently at issue in international commercial arbitration, this study presents the implications related to these clauses after analysis of Iberdrola v. Guatemala (II). Research design, data, and methodology: This study mainly adopts the literature research method, and utilizes domestic and foreign literature as well as Internet data. Results: ① The issue of res judicata was decided based on international law and the law of the place of arbitration (Swiss law). ② Based on the triple identity test, the ICSID recognized the arbitration’s denial of jurisdiction under the res judicata principle, and the UNCITRAL claimant was blocked in arbitration. Conclusions: It is meaningful that it was decided that the respondent country does not have the right to file a counterclaim, saying that the former takes precedence in cases where the investment treaty and the arbitration rules contradict each other.