증폭(蒸曝)에 의한 지황(地黃)의 성분 변화에 대한 고찰

정재우 ( Jae Woo Jung ),김한영 ( Han Young Kim ),류지효 ( Ji Hyo Lyu ),김정훈 ( Jung-hoon Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

Objectives : ‘Steaming and drying’ is a traditional processing method that has been used to produce Suk-ji-hwang (熟地黃; Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) from Ji-hwang (地黃, the fresh root of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel; Rehmanniae Radix). The steaming and drying process, which is proceeded in heating and moisturizing conditions, plays a crucial role in the change of therapeutic effect of Ji-hwang, presumably due to the modification of its chemical constituents. In this article, the chemical influence of the ‘Steaming and drying’ process was investigated for understanding the underlying mechanism of chemical modification of Ji-hwang. Methods : The articles regarding the modifications of chemical constituents of Ji-hwang during the ‘Steaming and drying’ process were collected and analyzed to investigate the influence of the processing to Ji-hwang. Results : The results indicated that iridoid glycosides were degraded to their aglycones and sugars, and such degradations occurred faster at a high pressure than at an atmospheric pressure during the process. The contents of catalpol, ajugol, and acteoside were decreased, while those of rehmannioside A and D were slightly increased during the repeated processing. The contents of oligosaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose (except for manninotriose), were decreased, while those of monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, were increased by the repeated processing. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the ‘Steaming and drying’ process influenced the chemical constituents of Ji-hwang and provide probable basis for the therapeutic modification of Suk-ji-hwang after the processing of Ji-hwang.

Tuning the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Sprayed Equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy Coating Layer

Ji‑Eun Ahn,Young‑Kyun Kim,Sang‑Hoon Yoon,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

An equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) coating layer was prepared via a cold spray (CS) process. In orderto control the microstructure and nano-indentation properties of the CS HEA, heat treatments were employed. CS HEAcoating layer showed a heterogeneous microstructure where ultra-fine grains were formed at the particle interfaces, whilecoarse grains were formed inside the particles. Furthermore, deformation twins (DTs) were also formed inside the particlesdue to severe plastic deformation (SPD) in each particle generated during the CS deposition. For the 550 °C heat treatment(HT), fine Cr-rich precipitates were additionally formed at the grain boundary and particle boundary. By contrast, recrystallizationoccurred during 850 °C HT, while the size of the Cr-rich precipitate increased. The nano-indentation hardness ofthe CS HEA coating layer was 10.9 GPa, which was ~ 3 times higher than that of the conventional cast HEA. The superiorhardness of the CS HEA might has been enabled due to the combination of the high dislocation density, DTs, and ultra-finegrains. Based on the results above, the strategy to control the microstructure and mechanical properties through HT of theequiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA coating layer prepared via the CS process has been discussed.

Prediction of Retained Austenite Fraction in Quenching-and-Partitioning (Q&P) Steels Using the Gibbs Energy Balance Approach

Seong Hoon Kim,Ji Hoon Kim,Jae Hoon Lee,Dong‑Woo Suh,Jae Sang Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9

Prediction of retained austenite fraction is quite important in designing advanced high strength steels since retained austeniteis the source of transformation-induced plasticity. The present study investigates the phase constitution of a medium-carbonQ&P steel by comparing various approaches to the transformation stasis of bainitic ferrite and applying them to the partitioningprocess. Among them, the modified GEB approach gave the best agreement with the experimental observation, includingthe effects of heat-treatment condition and chemical composition on phase constitution. This indicates phase transformationduring partitioning can be effectively described by the physics of Gibbs energy balance approach.

대한협회의 『대한민보』(1909~1910) 발간과 시사만화 연재의 성격

박지훈(Park, Ji-Hoon) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.44

1909년 6월 2일 대한협회가 창간한 『대한민보』는 초대 사장 오세창의 주도아래 정통화가 출신인 이도영이 삽화라는 이름으로 시사만화를 연재하였다. 『대한민보』의 구성 중 삽화라는 이름의 시사만화를 구성하여 딱딱한 형식에서 벗어난 실험적인 구성으로 당대에 영향력 있는 신문으로 자리잡았다. 시사만화를 통해 계몽에 대한 의지를 적극적으로 표현하였고 특히 시각적 흥미를 유발하여 독자들이 신문을 접하도록 유도하였다. 이러한 시사만화는 독자를 끌어들이는 역할에 그치지 않고 시사만화의 시각적 효과를 통해 지나치기 쉬운 사건을 그림으로 표현하여 사회문제에 관심을 더 가질 수 있도록 유도하는 촉매제가 되었다. 그러나 이 시기의 시사만화는 한국 최초의 시사만화라는 점만 강조되고 기념될 뿐 연구적 가치로는 주목을 받지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이 글에서는 『대한민보』시사만화의 주제와 작가의 의도를 정확히 파악하는 것을 목적으로 시작되었다. 『대한민보』의 시사만화는 크게 네 가지 유형으로 분류 할 수 있는데 첫 번째는 계몽을 요구하는 만화, 두 번째는 사회문제를 주제로 한 만화, 세 번째는 대한제국 정부와 열강들과의 문제들을 주제로 한 만화, 넷째는 친일 인사와 단체 그리고 언론을 비판한 만화이다. 이와 같은 분석을 통해 한일강제병합 직전의 사회상을 이해하고, 당시 대중들의 사회인식의 변화를 파악하려 한다. Daehan Association published the first edition of 『Daehanminbo』, a daily, on June 2nd, 1909. 『Daehanminbo』 became an influential journal as it added cartoon into typical newspaper forms. The efforts to enlighten people were strongly expressed through cartoon and these cartoon attracted people’s attention with visual factors. That is, cartoon led people to have more interests in social issues by expressing important events with pictures. Cartoon in 『Daehanminbo』 can be classified roughly into four types. The first type of cartoon aimed at enlightenment of the public. These types of cartoon were published in the early days of 『Daehanminbo』 and explained the purpose of Daehan Association properly. The second type dealt with social issues. 『Daehanminbo』 tried to let the public recognize reality by using cartoon that were familiar to people because of their sequence of drawings and words combined. The third type of cartoon mainly dealt with issues between the Daehan Empire and the powers. Gojong of the Korean Empire wanted to protect Korea against a Japanese invasion diplomatically, so he tried to weaken Japanese influence over Korea by dividing economic advantages and alienating them to Western powers. However, Gojong and the government of the Daehan Empire knew little of the international situation, so they were deprived of their economic rights by Japan. 『Daehanminbo』 put an effort into letting people know the Japanese invasion as well as social issues. The fourth type of cartoon criticized pro-Japanese Koreans, groups, and press. Pro-Japanese politicians and groups’ anti-national activities reached an extreme when Japanese annexation of Korea came to the finish. Their activities were good subjects for cartoon and 『Daehanminbo』 criticized those anti-national activities.

捻轉法이 竝行된 鍼刺戟 및 電鍼刺戟이 鎭痛效果에 미치는 影響

Park, Dong-Seok,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Min, Byung-Il,Oh, Soo-Myung 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Dong-Seok Park¹, Ji-Hoon Kim¹ and Byung-Il Min, Soo-Myung Oh,³¹Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Medicine, ²Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, And ³East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. Analgesic Effect of Manual Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture combined with Twirling Method. Proceeding of International Symposium on East-West Medicine Seoul. 187-200, 1999.-Twirling the needle (TN) is one of several needing methods frequently used for acupuncture in the oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to see if TN enhanced the antinociceptive effect produced by plain-or electroacupuncture in the rat tail flick test. Rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g)lightly anesthetized with thiopental sodium(40mg/kg, i.p.) were used in the tail-flick test. The basal reaction time for tail-flick was 2 sec. For "plain" acupuncture(PA), a needle was inserted for 20 min into a Chock-samni (ST36) acupuncture point which (is located at the anterior tibial muscle and about 10mm below the knee joint). For electroacupuncture(EA), train-pulses(3 Hz,0.3-ms pulse width, 0.2-0.3mA) were applied to the inserted needle for the period of insertion. For combining TN with either PA or EA, TN was performed during the each acupuncture period. Two methods for TN were used; twirling 3 times for 1 second persisted for 1 min in every 5 mins(long-duration and long-interval;LDLI) and twirling 3 times for 1 second persisted for 10 sec in every 1 min(short-duration and short-interval;SDSI). PA and EA produced an increase in tail flick latency (TFL); peak increases were 21.3±5.1% and 42.1±17.3% of the pre-acupunture control, respectively, and occurred immediately after cessation of 20min-acupuncture. Performing TN combined with PA increased TFL more than PA itself by showing a greater peak increase in TFL when performed with a SDSI-TN than with a LDLI-TN(60.6±12.5% and 42.7±22.7% of the pre-acupuncture control, respectively). Performing TN combined with EA also increased TFL more than EA itself and a greater peak increase in TFL was observed with a SDSI-TN as compared to a LDLI-TN(77.5±13.8% and 67.3±14.0% of the pre-acupuncture control, respectively). These results indicate that TN enhances both PA-and EA-produced antinociception where an greater enhanced antinociception than a LDLI-TN. It is suggested that performing a SDSI-TN combined with EA seems to be one of the most effective ways to produce analgesia.

조선 유학자들의 서예인식에 관한 연구

장지훈(Jang, Ji-hoon) 한국양명학회 2018 陽明學 Vol.0 No.49

본고는 조선 유학자들의 학문성향과 서예인식의 관련성을 조명한 글이다. 즉, 학문사상적 관점에 따른 서예본질에 대한 이해와, 그러한 인식을 바탕으로 지향하는 서예심미관은 무엇인지 고찰하였다. 조선의 道學者는 서예를 理氣心性論과 연계지어 이해한다. 퇴계 이황은 성리학적 심성론에 기인하여 궁극적으로 ‘敬’의 자세로 일관하면서 유가의 도통관인 心法을 서예의 본질로 상정했다. 우암 송시열 또한 서예의 心法을 본질로 삼으면서도, 心法을 구현하는 심미관을 ‘直’에 두었다. 도학자들은 대체로 서예는 心法의 구현임을 인식함으로써 결과적으로 人正則書正의 윤리적 서예관을 형성하였다. 조선의 實學者는 서예를 우주론적 관점에서 易理的으로 이해하거나, 사실주의 정신에 입각하여 自得, 實心, 眞등과 연계지어 인식한다. 옥동 이서 는 퇴계의 서예관을 계승하면서도 서예의 본질을 『周易』의 관점에서 형이상학적으로 접근한다. 이계 홍양호는 貴古淺今의 사유에서 벗어나 易理로써 서예의 본질을 이해하고, 이를 통해 善變을 도모한다. 박지원 또한 變易의 사고를 바탕으로 서예는 習俗을 벗어나 자기만의 새로운 형식과 감성의 표현임을 인식했다. 다산 정약용은 서화에 있어서 지나치게 이상적이고 관념적 풍조를 병폐로 여기고, 원형에 대한 사실적인 표현과 시대정신을 담아낼 것을 강조한다. 이러한 실학자들의 서예인식은 기존의 理중심적 심미관에서 氣중심적 심미관으로 전향된 것이라 하겠다. 조선의 陽明學者는 학문의 근원을 良知에 두고, 서예에서 주체적인 心의 발현을 강조한다. 원교 이광사는 기존의 도덕적 心法에서 벗어나, 서예란 자기진정의 眞法을 구현하는 것임을 천명했다. 한편 老莊的사유를 견지한 창암 이삼만은 서예란 모든 法의 극치를 넘은 無法의 단계, 즉 自得의 절대자유 경지를 지향하는 것으로 보았다. 이러한 양명심학·노장적 사유는 기존에 지배적이었던 윤리적 서예인식에서 이미 벗어나 眞情主義심미관을 지향하는 것이라 하겠다. 이처럼 조선 유학자들은 학문사상과 서예를 연계지어 이해함으로써 서예의 윤리성·예술성에 대한 다양한 견해를 피력하였다. 이를 통해 조선의 서예가 획일화되지 않고 다양한 인식과 심미관을 전개해왔다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. This article illuminates the relevance of the academic propensity of Korean Confucian scholars and the recognition of calligraphy. In other words, I understood what the calligraphic essence of the calligraphic viewpoint is and the calligraphic aesthetics of the calligraphy based on that perception. The scholars of the Joseon dynasty understand calligraphy in conjunction with the theory of mind and mind. Due to the neo-philosophical theory, Toegye Lee Hwang has assumed the essence of calligraphy, which is the conduit of Yuga, which is ultimately consistent with the attitude of “respect”. Wuam Song Cheol also puts the essence of calligraphy as its essence, while putting the aesthetics that embody the essence into a ‘straight’. The doctors generally recognized that calligraphy was the embodiment of the law of mind, and as a result, they formed the ethical calligraphy of the people’s righteous sentence. The practitioners of Joseon recognize calligraphy from a cosmological point of view as a philosophical point of view, or in connection with self-interest, essence, and truth based on realistic spirit. Although Okdong Isa succeeded the calligrapher of Toegye, he approaches the essence of calligraphy in a metaphysical way in terms of 『周易』. Leegye Hong Yang-ho is able to understand the essence of calligraphy as a reason for deviating from the thought of the present. Park Ji-won also recognized that calligraphy is a new form of expression and emotional expression based on the thought of mutation. Dasan Jung Yak-yong emphasizes overly idealistic and ideological trends in the paintings as a sickness and a realistic expression of the original and the spirit of the times. The calligraphers’ perception of calligraphy has been shifted from the existing science-centered aesthetics to the energy-centered aesthetics. The Yangmyung scholar of Joseon places the source of learning in good conscience and emphasizes the manifestation of subjective mind in calligraphy. Lee Kwang-sa stated that calligraphy is a realization of the true law of self-calmness. On the other hand, Chanam Lee Sam-man, who maintained the old-fashioned reason, regarded the calligraphy as the absolute level of selflessness which is beyond the extreme of all laws. Such a bilingual study. It is said that the tentative reason is to deviate already from the prevailing ethical calligraphy recognition and to aim for the emotionalism aesthetic. In this way, Joseon Confucian scholars can understand the ethics of calligraphy by linking academic thought and calligraphy. Expressed various views of artistry. Through this, it can be seen that Korean calligraphers have not developed uniformity but developed various perceptions and aesthetics.

조선후기 문인들의 상예적(尙藝的) 서예미학

장지훈 ( Jang Ji Hoon ) 한국동양예술학회 2021 동양예술 Vol.50 No.-

조선후기에 대두된 性情論·天機論·性靈說 등은 전통 주자학적 禮敎主義와 같은 사고에서 진일보하여 자유와 개성을 긍정하는 문예이념으로, 擬古에 반하는 문예의 참[眞]을 지향하는 것이었다. 이는 王陽明 心學의 사상적 영향 하에 형성된 것으로 주자학의 규범적이고 합리화된 擬古主義에 반대하고 인격적인 독립과 개인의 심미감수를 중시하는 이념이었다. 이러한 문예사조는 문예전반에서 自得을 심화시켰다. 심학의 미학사유는 과거 전통이나 법규로부터 보다 자유롭고 개성적이며 주체적이고 창의적인 예술을 지향하는 것이었다. 이러한 사유에서는 예술의 정체성을 상실하지 않는 한 반드시 기존의 관념을 따를 이유가 없었다. 때문에 서예에서도 객관적인 규범에 대한 추존과 재현을 거부하며, 텍스트를 재해석·재구성하여 자득과 創新의 성향이 강화되어 갔다. 그리하여 조선후기는 기존에 비해 서예를 자각적인 예술로 인식하여 서예의 본질을 궁구하고 창작하는 활동이 두드러지기 시작했다. 조선후기 문인들은 서예의 실용·윤리적 측면보다는 순수 예술적 관점에서 접근하여 다양한 미학과 창작을 선도하였다. 중기까지의 주자학적 서예에서 진일보하여 ‘진정한 조선의 서예미학’을 탐색하고자 했다. 또한 기존의 심미규범과 창작을 고수하지 않고, 사고와 실천에서 변해야 한다는 의식이 강하였다. 때문에 서예본질에 대한 규명과 성찰 및 시대정신을 담아내는 데 관심을 기울였고, 善變과 자득의 실천에 주력하였다. 박지원이 ‘法古創新’을 논하고 이광사가 ‘活物’을 논한 것은 모두 그 시대의 ‘살아있는 서예’를 통해 ‘예술적 성취’를 추구하려는 의식의 소산이었다. 조선후기의 개방적 사유는 서가들의 학문과 예술정신에 지대한 영향을 끼쳤고, 이로 인해 다양한 서예이론과 창작을 탄생시켰다. 그래서 이 시기의 서예는 조형에만 관심을 두거나 末藝로 치부하는 소극적 접근이 아니라, 서예본질에 대한 철학적 변석과 학문적 탐구가 심화되었다. 이는 서예를 餘技가 아닌 학술·예술적 차원에서 인식한 결과였다. 이로써 조선의 서예는 개성과 풍격이 한층 성숙하였고, 글씨의 ‘藝’적 측면을 더욱 중시하게 되었다. Seongjeong, Cheongi, and the Holy Spirit, which emerged in the late Joseon Dynasty, were literary ideologies that supported freedom and individuality by advancing from ideas such as traditional self-reliance. It was formed under the influence of Wang Yang-myeong's Simhak(心學), which opposed the normative and rationalized willism of self-reliance and emphasized personal independence and individual aesthetic sensitivity. This style of literary art deepened self-complacency(自得) in the first half of literature The reason for the psychological aesthetics was to pursue a more free, individual, subjective and creative art from past traditions and regulations. For these reasons, there was no reason to follow existing notions unless the identity of art was lost. Therefore, calligraphy rejected the existence and reproduction of objective norms, and reinterpreted and reconstructed text to strengthen the tendency of self-discipline and creation. Thus, in the late Joseon Dynasty, calligraphy was recognized as a self-complacency, and the activities of seeking and creating the essence of calligraphy began to stand out. The writers of the late Joseon Period took a purely artistic approach rather than the practical and ethical aspects of calligraphy, leading to various aesthetics and creation. It was intended to advance from the Zhujianic calligraphy to the mid-term to explore the true calligraphy of Joseon. In addition, there was a strong sense that one should change from thinking and practice without sticking to existing rules of beauty and creation. Therefore, he focused his attention on discovering the essence of calligraphy, reflecting on the spirit of the times, and focusing on the practice of change and self-complacency. Park Ji-won's discussion of "create a new one based on the old one(法古創新)" and Lee Kwang-sa's discussion of "a living thing(活物)" were all the products of the consciousness to pursue "artistic achievement" through the "living calligraphy" of the era. The open reasons of the late Joseon Period greatly influenced the scholarship and artistic spirit of calligraphers, resulting in a variety of calligraphy theories and creation. Thus, the philosophical analysis and academic exploration of calligraphy essence intensified, not the passive approach of calligraphy, which was regarded only as a formative or trivial talent. This was the result of the recognition of calligraphy not as leisure but as academic and artistic dimensions. As a result, calligraphy in Joseon was more mature in character and style, and the artistic aspects of calligraphy were emphasized more.

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다

소리쟁이 뿌리의 Monoamine Oxidase(Mao)활성 저해성분

오지훈,이문순 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2012 農業科學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

The roots of Rumex crispus was extracted with 70% MeOH, and the MeOH extract was fractionated with dichloromethane, ethylacetate and n-butanol successively. The relatively active dichloromethane fraction was divided into several fractions with silicagel column chromatography using by MAO inhibition assay. A non-glycosidic anthraquinone, emodin was isolated from the active fraction. The structure of emodin (1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone) was determined based on NMR and MS spectroscopic data and other chemical evidence.

무선 네트워크 환경에서 끊김 없는 개체 무관 핸드오버에 관한 연구

최지훈,김동일 東義大學校産業技術開發硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

As a mobility support for IP have studied, Internet Engineering Task Force(ITEF) standardized the mobile IPv6 protocol. When a mobile node moves between networks, MIPv6 maintains connectivity to network and supports seamless communication, and these processes are called a Handover. IEEE 802.21 standardized MIH(Media Independent Handover) for seamless Handover. MIH used three services for Handover between low layer and upper layer . In this paper, we designed two modes on existing MIH for seamless Handover. We implemented a dual-interface mobile host(MH) model in network simulation2 (ns2) to evaluate how it performs in comparison with single-interface MH.