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김지향(Kim, Ji-Hyang),김기호(Kim, Kee-Ho) 언어과학회 2015 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.73
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the patterns of the perception of English stops in word boundaries are related to those of their production. As was discussed in Kim, Ji-Hyang and Kim, Kee-Ho (2014), the closure duration of the stops in the word boundaries, the duration of VOT, and vowel duration are said to be the main characteristics of the production of English stops by the English and the Korean speakers. Based on this, it will be examined in this paper how the three factors play a role in the perception of English stops in word boundaries by the English and the Korean listeners.
Ropivacaine 을 이용한 경막의 마취시 Clonidine 병용의 효과
김종일,조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4
Effects of Clonidine Added to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^*, Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: Clonidine has been regarded as an adequate supplementary anesthetic during epidural anesthesia and has been used with local anesthetics such as bupivacaine or lidocaine to support the effects of these anesthetics. The authors would examine whether clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural ane-sthesia. Methods: Thirty-two healthy patients undergoing a hip or lower limb surgery were diveded into two groups. In group 1, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml was administered. In group 2, 0.5% ropivacaine 15 ml combined with clonidine 150 ㎍ was administered. Onset, duration and maximal height of sensory block were assessed. Sedation score, blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Results: Duration of sensory block of group 2 was significantly longer than that of group 1. Sedation score of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. Blood pressure of group 2 was sig-nificantly lower thatn that of group 1 at 50 min, 70 min and 90 min after epidural injection. No significant differences were observed in onset of sensory block and heart rate between the two groups. Conclusions: The addition of clonidine to ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia prolonged duration of sensory block and produced useful sedation. It caused relatively stable hemodynamic changes. These results suggest that clonidine is an adequate supplementary anesthetic when it is used with ropivacaine during epidural anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 428~433)
척추 마취에서 소용량 Bupivacaine-Fentanyl 과 상용용량 Bupivacaine 의 비교
조영훈,이상곤,민병우,이지향,반종석 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4
Comparison of Small Dose Bupivacaine-Fentanyl with Conventional Dose Bupivacaine during Spinal Anesthesia Young-Hoon Cho, M.D., Ji-Hyang Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D. Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea Background: Although spinal anesthesia has a lot of advantages, it has some disadvantages or undesirable effects. Hypotension and unnecessarily long neural blockade are included among them. Although using small dose local anesthetics fairly solves these problems, it is insufficient to provide reliable surgical anesthesia by itself. Therefore the authors investigated whether such an opioid as fentanyl and small dose local anesthetic used together during spinal anesthesia can prevent hypotension and unnecessarily long neural blockade and provide reliable surgical anesthesia simultaneously. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing knee or below knee surgery were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received bupivacaine 5 mg combined with fentanyl 20 ㎍, and group 2 receive 10 mg bupivacaine. Hypotension was recorded and was treated with intravenous ephedrine. Sensory blockade, intraoperative analgesia, motor blockade and side effects were assessed. Results: NO significant differences were observed in values for assessing hypotension, sensory block-ade or intraoperative analgesia between the two groups. Also no significant differences were observed in intensity of the motor blockade and side effects between the two groups. However the duration of the motor blockade of group 1 was longer significantly than that of group 2. Conclusions: Small dose bupivacaine and fentanyl administered together intrathecally reduced duration of motor blockade and didn't augment of side effects and provided reliable anesthesia for surgery of knee or below knee simultaneously. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 423~427)
수술전 가온과 수술중 가온이 수술환자의 체온과 전율에 미치는 영향
이지연,이향련 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the changes of surgical patients' body temperature in applying warming to patients. The study of an effective nursing intervention, which aims to prevent hypothermia during surgical operations, use of anesthesia, and to remove dermal discomforts. The nonequivalent control group pre-test/post-test design was used for this quasi-experimental study. Method: The study subjects were adult patients who would take a surgical operation under general anesthesia in C Hospital: the surgical operations done were, total abdominal hysterectomy or Myomectomy; 20 patients were included in experimental group I, 20 patients were included in experimental group II, and 20 patients were in the comparative group. The total number of study subjects was 60. The data was collected from September the 1st, 2001 to October the 20th, 2001. The data was analyzed by SPSS program, F-test and Repeated measures of ANOVA. Multi-comparison method of DUNCAN was used for the sections that show the significant differences at the level of p<.05, which was a posterior examination. Result: 1) "The body temperatures of the three groups of patients will be respectively different at the end of the operations: experimental group I to which warming was applied before the operations, experimental group II to which warming was applied during the operations, and the comparative group with no warming being given," showed (F=12.609, p=.000). 2) "Degrees of shivering symptoms for the three groups will be respectively different at the end of the operations; experimental group I which applied warming before operations, experimental group II which applied warming during operations and the comparative group with no warming." Showed assumed (F=6.626, p=.000). Conclusion: Summing up the above study, the warming assumed during operations was a more effective nursing intervention for preventing patients' hypothermia than the warming assumed before operations.
방과 후 감각통합프로그램(감각통합치료)이 학교에서의 기능적 과제 수행에 미치는 효과
박지훈,이은정,노종수,이향숙,차정진 대한감각통합치료학회 2010 대한감각통합치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1
Objective : This study is designed to identify effect of a sensory integration(SI) program provided to elementary school students as an after-school activity. The study is looking at both occupational performance components and school-task performance which is an area of occupational performance. Methods : SI program specially designed as an after-school activity was provided to three boys who are first- or second grade students of Y elementary school in Dae-Jeon city. The SI intervention was organized with 25 sessions and carried out for two months. One group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SI program. Measurements used are Short Sensory Profile(SSP), K-DTVP-2, and BOTMP for occupational performance components, and School Function Assessment for functional schooltask performance. Results : It is found that posttest scores were enhanced in all assessments SSP; BOTMP; K-DTVP-2; and SFA. Conclusion : Results of this study simply propose that sensory integration program designed as after-school activity may have positive effects on not only occupational performance components but also on school-task performance of elementary school student. Since sample size is too small, however, there is limitation to find statistical significance. Further researches testing large number of subjects are required to boost the finding of this study. 목적 : 본 연구는 학교 방과 후 활동으로 감각통합치료를 제공하였을 때 작업수행요소와 더불어 작업수행영역인 학교에서의 기능적 과제수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구 방법 : 실험은 대전 Y초등학교에 재학 중인 1-2학년 아동 3명을 대상으로 방과 후 활동 시간에 감각통합치료를 제공하였으며, 중재는 2010년 5월과 6월에 걸쳐 총 25회를 제공하였다. 감각통합치료효과를 알아보기 위해 단일집단 사전-사후 설계(one group pretest-posttest design)를 사용하였고, 작업수행요소에서의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 단축감각프로파일(SSP), 한국판 시지각 발달검사(K-DTVP-2), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 1(BOTMP)를 사용하였으며, 작업수행영역에서의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 학교에서의 기능적과제 수행능력에 대한 평가(School Function Assessment)를 사용하였다. 결과 : 방과 후 감각통합프로그램(감각통합치료)을 적용한 결과 대상아동들은 작업수행요소인 단축감각력(SSP), BOTMP, 한국판 시지각 발달검사(K-DTVP-2)의 수치상 향상을 보였으며, 작업수행영역인 학교에서의 기능적 과제 수행(SFA)의 점수에서도 향상을 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 방과 후 감각통합프로그램(감각통합치료)이 작업수행요소와 학교에서의 기능적 과제수행에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여주었지만, 대상의 수가 적어 통계적 유의성을 찾는 데는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 대상자의 수를 고려한 연구들이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
사용자 수술명과 수술분류 code(ICD-9-CM) 일치율 향상에 관한 연구 : 수술실 OCS program 사용 활성화를 통하여
최향하,김미영,김도진,유지원,장정화,박수정,박재성 한국의료QA학회 2005 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Background : The necessity of unify and standardize codes used at hospital has been emphasized since OCS (Order Communicating System) was adopted. Therefore, the purpose of this study were to standardize operation code by continuous training of the ICD-9-CM code that is used as standard code in OCS program at operating room. Method : In 400 operation data, operation code entered in OCS program at operating room was compared to operation name recorded in medical record. In addition, a matching rate between input data of operation code by medical record department and computing input data of operation code in 3,710 cases was compared for each department. User operation name and operation code were matched and major diagnosis by operation department and operation name were also matched. Results : User operation name was reflected in operation classification code in detail, and operation code entered on user was registered. Input rate and matching rate of operation code were gradually improved after improvement activity. In particular, a matching rate was high at ophthalmology where operation name is segmented. Plastic surgery and orthopedics with a lot of emergency operation and comprehensive operation name show low input rates. Conclusions : As the medical field makes progress in computerlization, awareness of information exchange and sharing becomes higher. Among codes to classified medical institution, codes related to surgical operation are all different by user of hospital and department. Computerlization and standardization is essential. And when efforts of standardization continue in alliance with individual hospital and institution, initiative of preparing medical policy data at a national level will be accelerated.
연수화 전처리를 적용한 한외여과에서 입자상 물질 및 자연유기물 막오염
권지향,롤러, 데스몬드 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Membrane processes are now frequently considered for application in drinking water treatment. The biggest impediment for applying membrane processes is fouling that comes from mass flux (such as particle and organic matter) to the membrane surface and its pores due to convection flow through the men brane. Natural organic matter (NOM) has been reported as the most detrimental foulant. Some research also indicated that particles were often the dominant cause of fouling. Therefore, both NOM and particle fouling need to be examined to better understand fouling in ultrafiltration. Two waters from natural sources, Lake Austin water and Missouri River water, were selected. Both waters are relatively hard waters but has significantly different particle concentrations, which will elucidate effects of particles on membrane fouling. Precipitative softening is traditionally designed to remove hardness ions in hard waters but it can also remove particles and organic matter. Therefore, the integrated water treatment with softening and ultrafiltra tion is proposed as a promising option for hard waters. The three levels of softening were used to represent different degrees of pretreatment to ultrafiltration in terms of organic matter (i.e., NOM fouling) and precipitates (i.e., particle fouling by further precipitation). Results showed that natural particles in Missouri River water was detrimental foulants of ultrafiltration. As the levels of softening were increased, NOM and particle removal was increased, and thus fouling was decreased. Direct images of the surface of the membranes by scanning electron microscopy allowed observation of the different properties of particles caught in fibril networks of natural organic matter.
90년대 터키의 정치변동 연구 : 이슬람 복지당(Refah Partisi)의 집권을 중심으로
장지향 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1997 중동연구 Vol.16 No.1
Turkey was launched as a secular republic in 1923 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, a suzerain state in the Islam world. Therefore, the Turkish political system has been led by secular politicians since the beginning of the republic. The Islamic-oriented Welfare Party(Refah Partisi), whose ideology are based on the Islamic law Sharia, however, came to power in the 1995 national elections. This study will examine the Welfare Party's success in the recent elections including the 1994 local elections throughout the country. In this paper, I examine factors that bring about the political change, the Welfare Party's rise in the 1990s. Also, a structural approach, analyzing state-society-the Welfare Party relations, is used. This paper is composed of five chapters. In the introduction, I present a framework and methods of this study. In the second chapter, 1 briefly outline the role and influence of Islam in Turkish politics. In the third chapter, I describe the growth and success of the Welfare Party(after 1980) over the National Order Party(Milli Nizam Partisi; 1970-1971) and the National Salvation Party(Milli Selamet Partisi; 1972-1980), the precursors of the Welfare Party. In the fourth chapter, I explain the internal and external factors and the characteristics of political change in Turkey during the 1990s. In the final chapter, I present the conclusions of my analyses. In conclusion, there are three main findings according to my analyses about factors accounting for political change in Turkey; First, the change and realignment in the Turkish party system. Second, the increasing economic frustration and difficulties within the inequitable socioeconomic structure. Third, the growing external pressures of the new world order in the post Cold-War era. Consequently, the independent variables of this study are the above three factors characterized by the instability of the state that represents all the secularist power in Turkish politics, or the diminution of the state's capacity to control crises from the mid 1980s. On the other hand, the extraneous variable is the Welfare Party's remarkable shift more towards left of the center in the late 1980s under the state control over the Islam.
합리적 신념과 비합리적 신념 : King Lear의 Cordelia & Macbeth의 Lady Macbeth
김지향 서울여자대학교 여성연구소 1987 여성연구논총 Vol.3 No.-
Shakespeare's treatment of women characters in the tragedies is democratic to a great extent. Shakespeare saw men and women as equal in a world which declared them unequal. Shakespeare's women are people and individuals. He represents them as infallibly faithful women. The purpose of the thesis is to explain the heroines in Shakespearean tragedy in terms of faith. Faith is a character trait pervading the whole personality, rather than a specific belief. This writer attempted to analyze their faith by using Erich Fromm's theory:rational faith, irrational faith. Irrational faith refers to a kind of belief (in a person or an idea) which is based on one's submission to irrational authority. In contrast, rational faith is a conviction which is rooted in one's own experience of thought or feeling. Rational faith is not primarily belief in something, but the quality of certainty and firmness which our convictions have. Desdemona and Cordelia have rational faith in themselves. It is strong faith in Desdemona that confronts Brabantio with a 'divided duty'. Desdemona wants freedom through a conscious dissociation from the image in her father's eyes. Desdemona loved Othello as 'thick lips', 'an old black ram', and 'a Barbary horse' in common. It is moderate faith in Cordelia that rejects the world's assessment of her property worth, in order to keep her dignity. Her spirit is not dependent on Lear's estimate accessing Cordelia in terms of money. Desdemona and Cordelia are separated from their fathers. Strong faith and moderated faith are rooted in their own experience, in the confidence in one's power of thought, observation, and judgement. And faith is the very in their personality which is unchangeable and which persists throughout their life in spite of varing circumstances, and regardless of certain changes in opinions and feelings. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth and Ophelia have irrational faith in themselves. Lady Macbeth is a wicked woman. It is onesided faith in Lady Macbeth that makes her play a manly role in the murder; when Macbeth intends to murder King Duncan, the cowardice in Macbeth makes him hesitate the murder. Ophelia is only one weak woman in Shakespeare's women. It is weak faith in Ophelia that obeys her father. Her father is an authority or the majority. Onesided faith and weak faith are irrational faith. This faith is rooted in submission to a power which is felt to be overwhelmingly strong, omnient and omnipotent, and in the abdication of one's power and strength. Irrational faith is the acceptance of something as true only because of an authority or the majority. We can get the fact that all the tragedies of Shakespearean tragic heroines is caused by their faith. All these show that for Shakespearean tragedy death is very much a part of life;and, in the sense of the play, to be lived through and endured as life itself. Death is so common in, and so proper to, such tragedy, that the existence of the characters is confirmed by it and not extinguished. Desdemona and Cordelia are justified only in death. Desdemona is not a whore. Cordelia's silence is not pride, but virtue. Lady Macbeth and Ophelia experience a state of isolation, suffering, and die despairingly. Their death is an escape of life. Shakespeare's women share with other women's experience which men can never have. Shakespeare's suggestion that the masculine spirit makes a woman, not less but more feminine. In conclusion, it is possible that we regard Shakespeare's heroines as women of faith.