Stroke Epidemiology and Stroke Care Services in India

Jeyaraj Durai Pandian,Paulin Sudhan 대한뇌졸중학회 2013 Journal of stroke Vol.15 No.3

Developing countries like India are facing a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. The estimated adjusted prevalence rate of stroke range, 84-262/100,000 in rural and 334-424/ 100,000 in urban areas. The incidence rate is 119-145/100,000 based on the recent population based studies. There is also a wide variation in case fatality rates with the highest being 42% in Kolkata. Stroke units are predominantly available in urban areas that too in private hospitals. Intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial thrombolysis (IA) are commonly used in India. In the on-going Indo USA National stroke registry the rate of IV thrombolysis is 11%. Stroke rehabilitation is not well developed in India due to lack of personnel. Organised rehabilitation services are available in the country but they are mainly in private hospitals of the cities. Even though India is a leading generic drugs producer still many people can’t afford the commonly used secondary prevention drugs. As a first step the Government of India has started the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS). The government is focusing on early diagnosis, management, infrastructure, public awareness and capacity building at different levels of health care for all the non-communicable diseases including stroke. An organised effort from both the government and the private sector is needed to tackle the stroke epidemic in India.

Buckling and dynamic characteristics of a laminated cylindrical panel under non-uniform thermal load

Jeyaraj Pitchaimani,Vinod S. Bhagat,S.M. Murigendrappa 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.22 No.6

Buckling and free vibration behavior of a laminated cylindrical panel exposed to non-uniform thermal load is addressed in the present study. The approach comprises of three portions, in the first portion, heat transfer analysis is carried out to compute the non-uniform temperature fields, whereas second portion consists of static analysis wherein stress fields due to thermal load is obtained, and the last portion consists of buckling and prestressed modal analyzes to capture the critical buckling temperature as well as first five natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. Finite element is used to perform the numerical investigation. The detailed parametric study is carried out to analyze the effect of nature of temperature variation across the panel, laminate sequence and structural boundary constraints on the buckling and free vibration behavior. The relation between the buckling temperature of the panel under uniform temperature field and non-uniform temperature field is established using magnification factor. Among four cases considered in this study for position of heat sources, highest magnification factor is observed at the forefront curved edge of the panel where heat source is placed. It is also observed that thermal buckling strength and buckling mode shapes are highly sensitive to nature of temperature field and the effect is significant for the above-mentioned temperature field. Furthermore, it is also observed that the panel with antisymmetric laminate has better buckling strength. Free vibration frequencies and the associated mode shapes are significantly influenced by the non-uniform temperature variations.

Antimicrobial and anticoagulation activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Muniyandi Jeyaraj,Sangiliyandi Gurunathan,Senthilkumar Varadan,Kevin John Pulikotil Anthony,Muralidharan Murugan,Ashok Raja 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4

Here, we describe biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions with the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular level identification of the strain GS1 resembles P. aeruginosa. The nanoparticles synthesized by P. aeruginosa were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size-distribution of nanoparticles was determined using a particle-size analyzer and the average particle-size was found to be 80 nm. The biological activities of the synthesized silver nanoparticles like antimicrobial activity were confirmed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and it have stable anti-coagulant effect.

A Multi-objective Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Considering Observability and Measurement Redundancy using Firefly Algorithm

Arul jeyaraj, K.,Rajasekaran, V.,Nandha kumar, S.K.,Chandrasekaran, K. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.2

This paper proposes a multi-objective optimal placement method of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in large electric transmission systems. It is proposed for minimizing the number of PMUs for complete system observability and maximizing measurement redundancy of the buses, simultaneously. The measurement redundancy of the bus indicates that number of times a bus is able to monitor more than once by PMUs set. A high level of measurement redundancy can maximize the system observability and it is required for a reliable power system state estimation. Therefore, simultaneous optimizations of the two conflicting objectives are performed using a binary coded firefly algorithm. The complete observability of the power system is first prepared and then, single line loss contingency condition is added to the main model. The practical measurement limitation of PMUs is also considered. The efficiency of the proposed method is validated on IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems and a real and large- scale Polish 2383 bus system. The valuable approach of firefly algorithm is demonstrated in finding the optimal number of PMUs and their locations by comparing its performance with earlier works.

Higher education teachers’ experiences of becoming research active: striving for university status in the Global South

Joseph Jeyaraj Joanna,Wald Navé,Harland Tony 서울대학교 교육연구소 2021 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.22 No.3

Higher education institutions are seen as pivotal for fostering national economic growth in a globalised knowledge economy. Conducting research is an important aspect of that role, and there is pressure on institutions to increase their knowledge production, as well as to ofer advanced research degrees. This requires academics with doctoral level qualifcation who research in their feld. Research productivity is important for institutions because it contributes to prestige and better rankings in league tables, which result in more or better resources. This qualitative study examines the notion of ‘turning teachers into academics’ through the experiences of lecturers in a teaching-focused institution in Malaysia seeking university status. Becoming research active requires resources and a supportive environment that were largely unavailable, and so participants experienced an unhealthy intensifcation of their academic work and struggled to do research or complete their PhD qualifcations. The study showed that a successful transition required teachers to be genuinely motivated to do research and the institutions to provide adequate support. Under current circumstances of ferce competition between institutions and the inability to compromise teaching allocations, it is not clear how, or if, such a transition can happen without adversely afecting staf wellbeing.

Holistic Child Development: A Mission Agenda that Cannot be Ignored Today

( Jesudason Baskar Jeyaraj ) Asian Center for Theological Studies and Mission 2011 ACTS 신학저널 Vol.16 No.-

Possibilities for critical pedagogy engagement in higher education: exploring students’ openness and acceptance

Joanna Joseph Jeyaraj 서울대학교 교육연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.21 No.1

Critical pedagogy is an approach to teaching and learning which aims to impact social change through education. In this study, the possibility of engaging with critical pedagogy is explored, by focusing on students’ perceptions of this practice. Data were collected through interviews with 14 Malaysian students. They shared their experiences of learning subjects which touched on social justice issues and critical thinking; which incidentally are also important preoccupations for critical pedagogy. There was consensus about in-depth engagement with social justice issues, including those that were deemed controversial and radical. Besides that, participatory forms of learning such as the co-construction of knowledge were embraced, and students recognised that teachers were not the only source of ‘authorised’ knowledge. Finally, there was a marginal voice of resistance towards the idea of learning about controversial issues because it could risk safety and incite personal attacks from peers. Unequal teacher–student power relations was also seen as a hindrance to critically interrogating socio-political issues, so students were cautious when providing dissenting views. While legitimate concerns are present, overall there seems to be a general openness to critical pedagogy. Therefore, teachers may need to carefully consider the socio-political conditions they are in, because this pedagogy could potentially disrupt order and harmony in the classroom.

A Multi-objective Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Considering Observability and Measurement Redundancy using Firefly Algorithm

K. Arul jeyaraj,V. Rajasekaran,S. K. Nandha kumar,K. Chandrasekaran 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.2

This paper proposes a multi-objective optimal placement method of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in large electric transmission systems. It is proposed for minimizing the number of PMUs for complete system observability and maximizing measurement redundancy of the buses, simultaneously. The measurement redundancy of the bus indicates that number of times a bus is able to monitor more than once by PMUs set. A high level of measurement redundancy can maximize the system observability and it is required for a reliable power system state estimation. Therefore, simultaneous optimizations of the two conflicting objectives are performed using a binary coded firefly algorithm. The complete observability of the power system is first prepared and then, single line loss contingency condition is added to the main model. The practical measurement limitation of PMUs is also considered. The efficiency of the proposed method is validated on IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems and a real and large- scale Polish 2383 bus system. The valuable approach of firefly algorithm is demonstrated in finding the optimal number of PMUs and their locations by comparing its performance with earlier works.

Are Biomarkers Predictive of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction?

Malik, Abhidha,Jeyaraj, Pamela Alice,Calton, Rajneesh,Uppal, Bharti,Negi, Preety,Shankar, Abhishek,Patil, Jaineet,Mahajan, Manmohan Kishan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: The early detection of anthracycline- induced cardiotoxicity is very important since it might be useful in prevention of cardiac decompensation. This study was designed with the intent of assessing the usefulness of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and NT- Pro BNP estimation in early prediction of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study histologically proven breast cancer patients who were scheduled to receive anthracycline containing combination chemotherapy as a part of multimodality treatment were enrolled. Baseline cardiac evaluation was performed by echocardiography (ECHO) and biomarkers like cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N terminal- pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT- Pro BNP). All patients underwent cTnT and NT- Pro BNP estimation within 24 hours of each cycle of chemotherapy and were followed up after 6 months of initiation of chemotherapy. Any changes in follow up ECHO were compared to ECHO at baseline and cTnT and NT- Pro BNP levels after each cycle of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Results: Initial data were obtained for 33 patients. Mean change in left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) within 6 months was $0.154{\pm}0.433cms$ (p value=0.049). Seven out of 33 patients had an increase in biomarker cTnT levels (p value=0.5). A significant change in baseline and follow up LVDD was observed in patients with raised cTnT levels (p value=0.026) whereas no change was seen in ejection fraction (EF) and left atrial diameters (LAD) within 6 months of chemotherapy. NT- Pro BNP levels increased in significant number of patients (p value ${\leq}0.0001$) but no statistically significant change was observed in the ECHO parameters within 6 months. Conclusions: Functional monitoring is a poorly effective method in early estimation of anthracycline induced cardiac dysfunction. Estimation of biomarkers after chemotherapy may allow stratification of patients in various risk groups, thereby opening window for interventional strategies in order to prevent permanent damage to the myocardium.

Passive Smoking and Breast Cancer - a Suspicious Link

Malik, Abhidha,Jeyaraj, Pamela Alice,Shankar, Abhishek,Rath, Goura Kishore,Mukhopadhyay, Sandip,Kamal, Vineet Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in the world. The disease is caused by infectious and non-infectious, environmental and lifestyle factors. Tobacco smoke has been one of the most widely studied environmental factors wiith possible relevance to breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of tobacco smoking in breast cancer patients in a hospital based cohort and to establish prognostic implications if any. Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of 100 women with pathological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer was included in this study. The verbal questionnaire elicited information on current and previous history of exposure to smoking in addition to active smoking. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including stage at presentation, alcohol intake, hormonal replacement therapy, oral contraceptive intake, obesity and menopausal status. Results: The mean age at presentation of breast cancer was $51.4{\pm}10.86$ years. Mean age of presentation was $53.1{\pm}11.5$ and $45.7{\pm}11.9$ years in never smokers and passive smokers, respectively. Age at presentation varied widely in patients exposed to tobacco smoke for >10 years in childhood from $40.3{\pm}12.0$ years to $47.7{\pm}13.9$ in patients exposed for > 20years as adults. Among passive smokers, 60.9% were premenopausal and 39.1% of patients were postmenopausal. In never smokers, 71.4% were post menopausal. Expression of receptors in non-smokers vs passive smokers was comparable with no significant differences. Metastatic potential in lung parenchyma was slightlyelevated in passive smokers as compared to never smokers although statistically non-significant. Conclusions: An inverse relationship exists between the intensity and duration of smoking and the age at presentation and poor prognostic factors. The results strongly suggest efforts should be taken to prevent smoking, encourage quitting and restrict exposure to second hand smoke in India.