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Ministerial System in Hong Kong: A Strengthening of the Executive Leadership
Jermain T. M. Lam/ 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2004 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.28 No.1
The Chief executive of Hong Kong, Tung Chee-hwa, launched a new ministerial system in Hong Kong in July 2002. The new ministerial system in general, and the composition of the Executive Council in particular, transformed the decision-making processes in the government. On the one hand, the politically appointed ministers (secretaries with portfolios) are given new roles and powers in the governance process. On the other hand, the senior civil servants, once the main decision-makers in the government, are put into a more neutral position mainly responsible for routine administration. A politics-administration dichotomy seems to be established. The aim of the article is to analyze the implications of the new ministerial system for politics in Hong Kong. It is argued that the ministerial system only strengthens the power of the chief executive rather than increases the degree of political accountability, or democracy, in Hong Kong.
DE-BUREAUCRATIZATION OF POLITICS : HONG KONG AS A CASE STUDY
Lam, Jermain T.M. the Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Kyungnam Un 1996 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.20 No.2
This article aims to examine the changing relationship between bureaucrats and politicians and to explore the implications of their relationship for the politics of transition in Hong Kong. The dynamic relationship between politics and administration is reversing from the "bureaucratization of politics" to the greater separation of politics and administration. Mutual distrust, tension, and an incongruence of values between the politicians and the bureaucrats characterize their relationship. This kind of incongruent relationship between bureaucrats and politicians would be detrimental to the maintenance of prosperity and the stability of Hong Kong during the political transition from a British colony to a Chinese Special Administrative Region.
Jenkins, Jermaine L.,Shen, Haihong,Green, Michael R.,Kielkopf, Clara L. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2008 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.283 No.48
<P>The U2 auxiliary factor large subunit (U2AF65) is an essential pre-mRNA splicing factor for the initial stages of spliceosome assembly. Tandem RNA recognition motifs (RRM)s of U2AF65 recognize polypyrimidine tract signals adjacent to 3' splice sites. Despite the central importance of U2AF65 for splice site recognition, the relative arrangement of the U2AF65 RRMs and the energetic forces driving polypyrimidine tract recognition remain unknown. Here, the solution conformation of the U2AF65 RNA binding domain determined using small angle x-ray scattering reveals a bilobal shape without apparent interdomain contacts. The proximity of the N and C termini within the inter-RRM configuration is sufficient to explain the action of U2AF65 on spliceosome components located both 5' and 3' to its binding site. Isothermal titration calorimetry further demonstrates that an unusually large enthalpy-entropy compensation underlies U2AF65 recognition of an optimal polyuridine tract. Qualitative similarities were observed between the pairwise distance distribution functions of the U2AF65 RNA binding domain and those either previously observed for N-terminal RRMs of Py tract-binding protein that lack interdomain contacts or calculated from the high resolution coordinates of a U2AF65 deletion variant bound to RNA. To further test this model, the shapes and RNA interactions of the wild-type U2AF65 RNA binding domain were compared with those of U2AF65 variants containing either Py tract-binding protein linker sequences or a deletion within the inter-RRM linker. Results of these studies suggest inter-RRM conformational plasticity as a possible means for U2AF65 to universally identify diverse pre-mRNA splice sites.</P>
MINISTERIAL SYSTEM IN HONG KONG : A STRENGTHENING OF THE EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP
Lam, Jermain T.M 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2004 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.28 No.1
The Chief executive of Hong Kong, Tung Chee-hwa, launched a new ministerial system in Hong Kong in July 2002. The new ministerial system in general, and the composition of the Executive Council in particular, transformed the decision-making processes in the government. On the one hand, the politically appointed ministers (secretaries with portfolios) are given new roles and powers in the governance process. On the other hand, the senior civil servants, once the main decision-makers in the government, are put into a more neutral position mainly responsible for routine administration. A politics-administration dichotomy seems to be established. The aim of the article is to analyze the implications of the new ministerial system for politics in Hong Kong. It is argued that the ministerial system only strengthens the power of the chief executive rather than increases the degree of political accountability, or democracy, in Hong Kong.
Selectivity Estimation Using Frequent Itemset Mining
엄보윤,Christopher Jermaine,이춘화 한국지식정보기술학회 2015 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.10 No.1
In query processing, query optimization is an important function of a database management system since overall query execution time can be significantly affected by the quality of the plan chosen by the query optimizer. Under cost-based optimization, a query optimizer estimates the cost for every possible query plans based on the underlying data distribution in synopses of database relations. The most common synopses in commercial databases have been histograms. However, when there is correlation among datum, one-dimensional histograms can provide poor estimation quality. Motivated by this, we propose a new approach to perform more accurate selectivity estimation, even for correlated data. To deal with the correlation that may exist among datum, we adopt well-known techniques in data mining and extract attribute values that occur together frequently using frequent itemsets mining. Through experimentation, we found that our approach is effective in modeling correlations and that this method approximates intermediate relations more accurately. In fact, it gives precise estimates, particularly for the correlated data.