종족 이야기와 종족 형성 - 명대(明代) 복건(福建) 향산조씨(香山曹氏) 조사공(曹四公) 이야기를 중심으로 -

원정식 ( Won¸ Jeong-sik ) 강원사학회 2021 江原史學 Vol.- No.37

시조를 확정하는 것은 종족을 만드는 과정에서 가장 먼저 해결해야 할 과제였으며 영양현의 향산조씨도 예외가 아니었다. 시조에 대한 구전 자료의 문자화는 시조 이야기를 체계화하고 신빙성과 권위를 부여함으로써 종족을 결집하고 정체성을 확립하는 핵심 과정이었는데, 거인 소신이 쓴 조사공전(1486년)과 용암현지의 열전에 수록된 조사공전(1558년)이 그 예다. 이에 향산조씨는 대부분의 종족들과 달리 족보 편찬 전에 최소한 시조 조사공에 대한 두 가지의 권위 있는 전기를 가질 수 있었고 그 결과 종보 편찬이나 종족 결집이 효율적으로 진행될 수 있었다. 조사공 이야기가 문자화되고 지방지에 수록될 수 있었던 데는 15세기 중반 복건성을 비롯한 각 지역의 반란으로 지역질서가 재편되는 속에서 국가권력과 협력하고 종족화를 통한 자신들의 생존과 발전을 추구하려는 향산조씨 일족의 노력이 있었다. 조종례(20세)가 거인 소신에게 조사공(9세) 이야기의 문자화를 부탁한 것이나, 조사공이 용암현의 대표적인 선인이자 도사이며 인제라는 악습을 폐기시킨 인물임을 부각시켜 용암현지의 열전에 수록될 수 있었던 것도 그 결과다. 그 결과 16세기 후반 향산조씨는 종보 편찬 과정에 사실주의를 앞세우면서도 기초로 절충과 합의를 통해 ‘원조 조돈후, 시조 조사공’으로 시조문제를 정리하고, 지역사회의 불안정, 반란에 따른 주민들 간의 갈등, 국가질서와 민간질서의 충돌에 따른 혼란, 조씨 일족 내의 분란 등을 극복하고 종족을 결집시킬 수 있었다. Deter mining the first ancestor was the most importantt ask in the process of forming a clan, and Xiangshan Cao clan was no exception. The textualization of oral data o n t he first ancestor was a key process of forming a clan and establishing identity by organizing first ancestor’s stories and granting them credibility and authority. The members of the Xiangshan Cao clan, who first published the first genealogy in 1588, worked on the textualization of their first ancestor story more than a hundred years ago. The result is the Suxin(蘇信)’s Caosigong biography(1486) and the Longyan-xianzhi(龍巖縣志)’s Caosigong biography(1558). Unlike most clans, Xiangshan Cao clan was able to efficiently compile their first genealogy and forming clan thanks to these two biographies. The reason why the first ancestor story was written and included in local gazettes was that the Cao clan tried to cooperate with the national power and organize their own clan to pursue their survival and development amid the reorganization of regional order in the mid-15th century. Since the mid-16th century, the awareness of Caosigong has spread and the instability of society around Xiangshan has heightened, leading to the development of a small clan into a large clan. The central figure was Cao wenye(曹文燁), who, along with the Xiangshan Cao clan, suppressed the rebellion of Suapu(蘇阿普), asked for the establishment of Ningyangxian(寧洋縣), and took the lead in building a county castle, a government office, etc. In 1588, with the cooperation of his brothers and nephews, he compiled the first Xiangshan-Cao clan genealogy in which the Tang period figure, Cao Dunhou (曹惇厚), was the distant ancestor and the Song period figure, Cao sigong, was confirmed as the first ancestor in Xiangshan. This was a compromise based on the agreement of the members by accepting the friendship of the Chen(陳) clan, the influential clan of Zhangzhou(漳州), and the wishes of the clan for a long history of the clan. According to historicism and the principle that “Write down what you know, but leave what you don’t know blank,” the genealogy from Cao Dunhou to Cao sigong was not included, and the records after Cao sigong also highlighted the genealogy’s credibility by emptying unknown names, dates of birth, and burial sites, etc. In addition, he actively accepted the clan code, rituals, national policies, and ideologies in his genealogy to resolve the instability of the community, conflicts between residents, conflicts between national and private orders, and conflicts within the Cao clan.

영광 불갑천 하구역의 유역환경 특성과 지속가능관리 방안

오정식 ( Oh¸ Jeong-sik ),김장수 ( Kim¸ Jang Soo ) 한국사진지리학회 2021 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 지형·생태적으로 중요한 기능과 역할을 담당하는 불갑천 하구역의 보전과 지속가능관리를 위한 기초자료를 구축하고자 현장조사를 기반으로 지리공간정보 및 퇴적물 분석을 수행하였다. 불갑천은 1930년대 근대식수리시설이 도입되고 대규모 경지정리가 진행되어 유역환경이 크게 변화하였다. 하지만 불갑천 하구역은 중상류 지역보다 비교적 온전한 자연성을 유지하고 있으며, 다양한 해안지형과 하천지형이 어우러져 지형다양성도 높다. 불갑천은 하구로부터 상류로 약 15.8㎞ 구간이 감조하천이며, 이러한 특징은 퇴적물 입경의 공간분포패턴에서도 확인된다. 퇴적물 입경은 연구지역 내 최하류 구간인 BG1 지점에서 모래가 높은 비율(약 90%)을 보였지만, 중·상류 구간에 해당하는 BG2 및 BG3 지점에서는 실트의 비율(약 80%)이 현저히 높게 나타났다. 퇴적물의 전기전도도, 유기물, 유효인산, 양이온치환용량도 각 구간(BG1∼BG3)에서 큰 차이가 있었으며, 동일 구간 내에서도 퇴적물 고화도, 하도인접성, 식생 피복 정도에 따라 차이를 보였다. 또한, 대부분의 퇴적물 시료에서 납과 수은 같은 중금속이 검출되어 정확한 중금속 오염실태 파악과 오염원 추적이 필요하다. 불갑천 하구역의 지속가능관리를 위해서는 보와 수문으로 단절된 유역 내 하도 체계를 개방 조성해야 하며, 빠르게 변화하는 토지이용 양상에 조응하는 관리와 모니터링이 필요하다. We performed geospatial and sediment analysis to document database for sustainable management and conservation of the Bulgap Estuary which has an important function from the point of view of geomorphology and ecology. The watershed environment of the study area has extremely changed due to modern irrigation facilities and large-scale land consolidation in the late 1930s. However, the estuary not only preserves its initial environment compared to the upper and middle streams but also has high geodiversity developing various coastal and fluvial landforms. Bulgap river is a partially tidal river with a length of~15.8 km from the estuary, this tidal characteristic is reflected by the spatial distribution of the grain size. As a result of sediment analysis, sand accounts for a high ratio (~90%) in the downstream (BG1), whereas silt has a remarkably higher ratio (~80%) than sand in the middle (BG2) and upper (BG3) streams in the study area. The results of electrical conductivity, organic matter, available phosphate, and cation exchange capacity also markedly differ between the BG1, BG2, and BG3 in the river section. Even in the same river section, the results were different depending on the sediment consolidation, channel adjacency, and vegetation cover. In addition, heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were detected in most of the sediment samples and need to be identified and traced to the resource of the pollution. For the sustainable management of the Bulgap Estuary, it is necessary to make an open environment of the channel system disconnected by weir and watergate and to monitor corresponding to the rapid change of land-use.

Alternative Polyadenylation of mRNAs: 3’-Untranslated Region Matters in Gene Expression

Jeongsik Yong,Hsin-Sung Yeh 한국분자세포생물학회 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.4

Almost all of eukaryotic mRNAs are subjected to polyad-enylation during mRNA processing. Recent discoveries showed that many of these mRNAs contain more than one polyadenylation sites in their 3’ untranslated regions (UTR) and that alternative polyadenylation (APA) is prevalent among these genes. Many biological processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis have been correlated to global APA events in the 3’ UTR of mRNAs, suggesting that these APA events are tightly regulated and may play important physiological roles. In this review, recent discoveries in the physiological roles of APA events, as well as the known and proposed mechanisms are summarized. Perspective for future directions is also discussed.

Response of Lettuce to Cadmium Exposure at Different Growth Stage

Jeongsik Park,Min-Suk Kim,Namin Koo,Seung Mo Nam,Jeong-Gyu Kim 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Pressure drop analysis of subsurface irrigation dripper system and its flow rate uniformity

Jeongsik Kim,Phil Kim,김설하,Jin-Hyun Kim,Dukho Eum,Sanghun Lee 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.1

Recently, water scarcity has become a serious social problem caused by global climate change. In agricultural water usage, subsurface irrigation techniques can be an alternative method to save water and improve the productivity and quality of crops. The technique supplies water by burying an irrigation hose 30 cm underground rather than placing it on the ground (topsoil), effectively preventing evaporation loss at the soil surface. In this study, we numerically calculated the pressure drop using a dripper installed inside an underground irrigation hose developed in Korea. The pumping load of the domestic product was evaluated in terms of momentum loss and compared with the most widely used Netafim products. The lower the pressure drop in the dripper, the higher the performance of the irrigation system in terms of stable water supply. Using computational fluid dynamics and experiments, we provide a meaningful evaluation of the domestic product in the irrigation system.

Frequency analysis of Fault Currents in LFAC Power Transmission System

Jeongsik Oh,Seonghwan Kim,Seung-Tae Cha,Taesik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

The demands for an interconnection and transmission from long-distant sources and renewable energy sources have been increasing, and HVDC and HVAC power transmission systems have become the effective solutions. HVAC is well-proven technology with high reliability, but the transmission cost increases dramatically as the distance grows. HVDC transmission system has the economic advantage for the long-distance power system, but there are still number of problems with the high converter station cost and the interruption of short circuit current. Recently, LFAC (Low Frequency AC) transmission system has been suggested as a potential alternative to HVDC and HVAC for the connection of long distant and renewable energy sources in terms of power loss, reliability and economy. Moreover, HVAC 50Hz and 60Hz technologies can be applied to LFAC system directly except transformers and circuit breakers. Especially, the interruption of short circuit current is the main issues to decrease the grid frequency, similar to HVDC. The objectives of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the fault current characteristics as the change of transmission frequencies in LFAC power system.

Improvement of gas sensing properties of carbon nanofibers based on polyacrylonitrile and pitch by steam activation

Jeongsik Kim.Hyung-Il Kim.Jumi Yun 한국탄소학회 2017 Carbon Letters Vol.24 No.-

Analysis on the Monitering System of a Renovation Site Applied Water Source Heat Pump System in Korea

Jeongsik Seo,Minjun Kim,Chanwoo Yang,Jaehyeok Heo,Dongwon Lee,Yong Cho 한국신재생에너지학회 2022 AFORE Vol.2022 No.9

Microfluidic Platform with a Hydrogel-Encapsulated Bioreactor Array for Long Shelf-life Microbial Biosensors

JeongSik Park(박정식),Dogyeng Ha(하도경),Minseok Kim(김민석),Taesung Kim(김태성) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

Affordance-based modeling of a humanrobot cooperative system for area exploration

Jeongsik Kim,Jungmok Ma,Namhun Kim 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.2

The cooperation of humans and robots is ubiquitous in modern systems, while human ability to cooperate has been limitedly investigated in terms of systems theory. A formal model is proposed to describe the human capability for the cooperation based on the finite state automata (FSA) and the affordances theory. Unlike the previous studies focused on conceptual approaches, real and virtual experiments are conducted to investigate human actions in a cooperative system with a human and a robot. A modeling scheme is provided to implement agent-based simulations for the cooperative system using the proposed affordance-based FSA. The developed simulation for the cooperation problem can reproduce the patterns of the actual experiments in terms of affordances and supervisory capability. The modular architecture of the agent-based framework allows establishing open-ended algorithms for action selections with their isolated effects under physical constraints, which need to be revised to deal with human-involved cooperation problems.